变质作用P—T—t轨迹若干问题评述

着重介绍了目前变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹研究在变质作用温压确定，变持作用不同阶段时间标定，变质作用动态演化过程的组构标志，变质作用演化热模拟以及变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹与大地构造环境之间关系等方面所存在的若干问题。     

内蒙古乌拉山地区变质作用的P—T条件和P—T—t轨迹

研究区主要由麻粒岩相变质的孔兹岩系组成，经历了初期、主期、峰期和晚期四个变质阶段。采用多种矿物对地质温压计方法估算，各变质阶段的温压条件分别为６５０－７００℃，０．５ＧＰａ；６７０－８３７℃，０．５３－０．７４ＧＰａ；６８７－９１１℃，０．３４－０５７ＧＰａ；６５０℃，０．３５ＧＰａ。温压条件的变化反映了变质作用 的动态力学过程，表现为顺时的Ｐ－Ｔｔ轨变。具有典型大造山带环境的变质演化特点和动力学     

变质作用P—T—t轨迹中时间（t）的确定和意义

变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹是当前变质地质学的研究热点，且越来越多的学者注意到了时间对变质作用的控制，本文将地质体演化的时间规律研究划分为相对年龄和绝对年龄的确定，并较为系统地讨论了各种测年方法的原理及使用条件和影响因素，并对其研究意义做了深入探讨。     

北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩变质作用的P—T—t轨迹

根据矿物包裹和替代关系以及共生组合规律，北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩的变质作用演化可划分为５个阶段，即前榴岩相的绿帘角闪岩相，榴辉岩相，后榴辉岩相的角闪岩相，绿帘角闪岩相和绿片岩相。     

内蒙古乌拉山地区变质作用的P－T条件和P─T－t轨迹

研究区主要由麻粒岩相变质的孔兹岩系组成，经历了初期、主期、峰期和晚期四个变质阶段。采用多种矿物对地质温压计方法估算，各变质阶段的温压条件分别为６５０～７００℃，０．５６Ｐａ：６７０～８３７℃，０．５３～０．７４ＧＰａ；６８７～９１１℃，０．３４～０．５７ＧＰａ；６５０℃，０．３５ＧＰａ。温压条件的变化反映了变质作用的动态演化特点。本区变质作用演化经历了增温增压、等温降压和降温降压三个动力学过程，表现为顺时针的Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹。具有典型大陆造山带环境的变质演化特点和动力学机制。     

北山古堡泉地区榴辉岩变质作用P-T-t轨迹及构造意义

北山造山带南部古堡泉地区出露榴辉岩, 对榴辉岩变质作用P-T-t轨迹的研究, 有助于了解北山地区的构造演化历史。本文对古堡泉地区的榴辉岩开展了岩石学、矿物化学和锆石U-Pb年代学的研究。研究表明, 榴辉岩原岩形成时代为860 Ma, 进变质或近峰期变质时代为~465 Ma, 岩石具有顺时针P-T-t轨迹, 经历了较陡的升温升压过程后到达峰期高压榴辉岩相, 峰期变质条件分别为P>22 kbar、T=660~700 ℃, 之后经历了近等温降压过程。榴辉岩是大陆地壳快速俯冲形成, 俯冲深度达80 km, 之后又经历了快速的折返。     

P-T-t Path of Mafic Granulite Metamorphism in Northern Tibet and Its Geodynamical Implications

Mafic granulites have been found as structural lenses within the huge thrust system outcropping about 10 km west of Nam Co of the northern Lhasa Terrane, Tibetan Plateau. Petrological evidence from these rocks indicates four distinct metamorphic assemblages. The early metamorphic assemblage (M1) is preserved only in the granulites and represented by plagioclase+hornblende inclusions within the cores of garnet porphyroblasts. The peak assemblage (M2) consists of garnet+clinopyroxene+hornblende+plagioclase in the mafic granulites. The peak metamorphism was followed by near-isothermal decompression (M3), which resulted in the development of hornblende+plagioclase symplectites surrounding embayed garnet porphyroblasts, and decompression-cooling (M4) is represented by minerals of hornblende+plagioclase recrystallized during mylonization. The peak (M2) P-T conditions of garnet+ clinopyroxene+plagioclase+hornblende were estimated at 769-905℃ and 0.86-1.02 GPa based on the geothermometers and geobarometers. The     

麻山群孔兹岩系主期区域变质作用及演化

麻山群孔兹岩系主期变质作用在区域上可以划分出角闪岩相和麻粒岩相两个变质带。麻粒岩相带内的岩石先后经历了由低角闪岩相—高角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的递增变质阶段。对稳定矿物共生组合及特征变质反应进行了详细研究并确定了变质作用的P-T-t轨迹。根据麻山群变质作用P-T条件在大规模范围内的一致性,认为其发生于晚太古未—早元古初期的区域造山环境。     

东秦岭松树沟高压变质基性岩石及其退变质作用的PTt演化轨迹

在北秦岭商南松树沟出露的高压变质基性岩石，包括高压基性麻粒岩和石榴单斜辉石岩，遭受了从中压麻粒岩相、高角闪岩相到绿帘角闪岩相的连续的退变质作用的改造。这些岩石形成的温度为８２６℃～８８７℃，压力约为１．４０～１．５８ＧＰａ，其不同退变质阶段的温压条件依次分别是７６５℃～８２５℃和约１．０３～１．１４ＧＰａ、６５０℃～７５０℃和约０．９ＧＰａ以及４００℃～５００℃和约０．５～０．６ＧＰａ。它们共同构成一个早期近等温降压（ＩＴＤ）和晚期降温降压的顺时针ＰＴｔ演化轨迹。结合高压岩石９８３±１４０Ｍａ的退变质年龄和松树沟残存的蛇绿岩片考虑，这些高压岩石的形成和抬升与秦岭造山带中、晚元古宙时期洋壳的俯冲、消减和陆块碰撞伴随的快速构造上升作用有关。     

应用P-T-t理论再认识辽河群变质作用

辽河群是出露于辽宁省东部的独具特色的古元古代变质岩系,赋存丰富的矿产资源,研究历史悠久.但对有关辽河群变质作用的一些重要问题上看法诸多,很难取得一致意见.本文应用P-T-t轨迹理论重新认识这些问题,认为引起辽河群变质作用的根本原因是大陆碰撞造山带使辽河群俯冲到地下深处;辽河群变质作用在时间上和空间上有独特的演化特征;辽河群变质作用与不同规模的构造或不同层次的构造的关系是不一样的.     

Genesis of Coal Metamorphism of Late PalaeozoicCoals in the South of North China——A Further Approach to the Effects of ThermalGroundwater on Coal Metamorphism

The close relationship between the genesis of coal metamorphism and the evolution of the regional tectonic framework is expounded on the basis of an analysis of the geological factors causing the metamorphic zonation of the Late Palaeozoic coals in southern North China; in terms of the mechanism for the formation of palaeogeothermal anomalies, the effects of thermal groundwater on coal metamorphism is highlighted and a geological model for thermal groundwater metamorphism of coal established; with the concept of the palaeogeotherm-coal metamorphism system, the genesis of coal metamorphism is analysed according to the distribution pattern of three geological factors: heat source, heat-carrier and channel, and heat-collector.     

榍石：U－Pb定年及变质P－T－t轨迹的建立

榍石在各类岩石中普遍存在，其稳定性受全岩成分、氧逸度和水活度以及温度和压力等因素影响。它在岩浆岩中主要存在于高Ca/Al比值的岩石中，在变质岩中常见于绿片岩相、蓝片岩相和角闪岩相岩石，在钙质变质岩中其稳定范围可达榴辉岩相或高压麻粒岩相。一般榍石结构中U含量较高，且具有高达高角闪岩相上限的U Pb同位素体系封闭温度，是理想的U-Pb定年矿物。由于榍石的组成元素均为岩石中的主要元素，很容易与其它矿物、熔体及流体发生反应，所以榍石的U-Pb年龄记录的更可能是结晶年龄，而不是简单的扩散重置年龄；也因为它容易反应，变质榍石复杂的U Pb体系可能记录了岩石的整个变质历史信息。通过与榍石平衡共生的矿物组合或利用榍石Zr温压计可确定岩石的P T条件，结合相关的榍石年龄信息即可建立变质过程的P T t轨迹。利用SHRIMP、LA MC ICP MS以及LA ICP MS方法可对不均一榍石颗粒内部进行原位微区分析得到有意义的U Pb年龄；利用榍石中Zr含量对温度，尤其是对压力比较敏感，可建立榍石Zr含量温压计。     

辽河群的变形作用和变质作用

比较详细地讨论了辽河群的变形作用和变质作用,以及二者之间的关系,并比较详细地讨论了变质相系、变质带的分布和划分依据,还对变质作用P-T-t轨迹特征进行了初步探讨.初浅认识是:辽河群是在收缩体制下,古元古洋中的火山沉积岩系俯冲到地下深处发生变质和变形的,二者属同一热动力过程.现在所见到的构造形迹被认为是在同一动力作用下递进变形过程的最终状态;辽河群是层状无序的变质构造单元,只有摒弃原来按层序地层学建的"组",重新按岩性填图才能显现辽河群的固有面貌.     

湘中南地区煤变质与地质构造关系的研究

对耒阳一临武径向构造带内的白沙含煤向斜用计算机计算镜质组反射率椭球确定了古构造应力场方向,发现其工变质分带没有联系。笔者还将研究区中的其他几个向斜工的变质程度与构造形迹,构造复杂程度、煤受构造破坏程度进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,煤变质指标等值线延展方向与向斜轴不平行而呈大角度相交;受抗日 强烈的向斜陡翼的煤变质程度并不高于受挤压相对弱的缓倾斜翼;祁阳山字型构造中煤变质指标等值线延展方向穿切前弧而     

Metamorphism and Isotopic Evolution of Granulites of Southern India: Reference to Neoproterozoic Crustal Evolution

Granulites are important component of high-grade metamorphic rocks reflecting intense conditions observed for crustal rocks in terms of temperature, and pressure. This review paper demonstrates how these high-grade granulites are critical to understanding the evolution of the lower continental crust with special reference to southern India. Geothermobarometric traverse across different granulite blocks in southern India shows wide ranging P-T conditions of metamorphism (700–1000 ° C, and 5–10 kbar). The sapphirine-, orthopyroxene-sillimanite, and spinel -bearing quartz-deficient granulites recognised from parts of southern granulite terrain (Ganguvarpatti, Kiranur, and Palani hill ranges etc.) show oriented sillimanite aggregates pseudomorph after course twinned kyanite, staurolite + kyanite assemblages, and corroded blebs of gedrite within orthopyroxene, suggesting a prograde stage of a clockwise P-T evolution. Evidence of ITD history comes from the textures in which an early Mg-rich garnet (X_Mg 52–60) with orthopyroxene (up to 10% Al₂O₃) involving sillimanite breakdown forming variety of symplectites having combinations of orthopyroxene, sapphirine, cordierite, and spinel. These spectacular reaction textures, and mineralogic sensors from the high-grade rocks establish a prograde clockwise P-T-t path with notable decompressive history (ITD) in the southern granulite terrain. The inferred P-T-t paths have been further integrated with the recent geochronological, and isotopic data to constrain the timing, and duration of metamorphism, emplacement of the magmatic protolith for characterising the evolution of the granulites, and their bearing on the geodynamic implications. Based on the emerging evidence for Neoproterozoic tectonothermal imprints in the southern granulite terrain, history of the assembly of dispersed fragments is also addressed within the East Gondwana framework.