全新世共和盆地沙地时空演化及其驱动机制

通过分析青藏高原东北部共和盆地现代固定沙丘、半固定-半流动沙丘和流动沙丘的粒度与地球化学元素特征,建立了不同类型沙丘沉积物的理化指标体系,并尝试性地将其用于地质时期沙漠演化研究。同时,结合区域典型风成砂-古土壤剖面的相变特征,探讨了全新世共和盆地沙地的时空演化过程及其驱动机制。结果表明：全新世共和盆地沙地存在多次活化、扩张和固定、缩小,除11.8～10.1 ka为流动沙地以外,其余阶段多在半流动-半固定沙地和固定沙地之间频繁转换,这一变化特征与其相邻的柴达木盆地沙地和青海湖地区环境变化具有良好的可比性。此外,发现沙地环境变化对湿度状况十分敏感,而湿度又受控于区域冬,夏季风的强度,也就是说全新世共和盆地沙地演化是气候变化的产物。     

晚更新世早期共和盆地湖相沉积常量元素地化学特征及环境演变

对共和盆地过马营沙沟湖相沉积剖面常量元素氧化物及比值特征进行分析,结合光释光测年,探讨了共和盆地晚更新世早期的环境演变.结果 表明:(1)SiO2和Na/K自剖面底部向上大致呈现出一谷两峰的变化特征,整体波动增大,高值均出现在细砂层,指示冷干气候;低值出现在粉砂层,指示温湿气候;(2)CaO、MgO与CIA值自剖面底部...     

共和盆地黏土矿物与孢粉记录的末次冰消期以来的气候环境相位差

在青藏高原北缘共和盆地达连海钻取了40.92 m沉积柱,其¹⁴C年代有10个控制点,底部年龄最大值为14.5 cal ka BP,沉积柱为末次冰消期以来的湖泊沉积物。在沉积柱中按20 cm/70 a分辨率选出200个样品进行了黏土矿物、粒度、碳酸盐、沉积速率等非生物指标与生物指标的孢粉等多项指标的综合分析。结果表明：末次冰消期以来,达连海沉积柱中非生物指标与生物指标反映的气候和环境变化阶段的显著性不同,反映的气候环境的变化阶段也不尽一致,出现气候环境的相位差。冰消期黏土矿物非生物指标与孢粉生物指标有约1.0~1.2 ka的相位差;早、中全新世黏土矿物反映的气候变化时段较孢粉指标指示的时段滞后约1.0 ka;在晚全新世黏土矿物反映的气候变化较孢粉滞后约0.1 ka。造成黏土矿物和孢粉反映气候环境相位差的原因是孢粉和黏土矿物对气候响应的差异性、黏土矿物和孢粉搬运方式的不同、气候条件及其转换、地貌等多因素的综合影响。     

吐鲁番盆地气候变化及其对水资源的可能影响

目前全球和大尺度区域的气候变化研究成果较多,而中小尺度区域的研究,由于资料的缺乏及模拟模型精度不够等原因,进展较慢。吐鲁番盆地是极端干旱的山间盆地,对于全球气候变化十分敏感。本文收集了有关新疆东部气候变化的历史、树轮、仪器测量等资料,对吐鲁番盆地气候变化的历史及未来趋势进行了研究,并探讨了气候变化对区域水资源的可能影响,以及应采取的对策。     

1989-2014年共和盆地贵南县土地沙漠化动态

以6个时期的TM影像为数据源,监测分析了1989-2014年贵南县土地沙漠化时空演变。结果表明：25 a来贵南县土地沙漠化呈现整体逆转、局部发展的态势。就整体而言,1989-2014年沙漠化土地减少了32.0 km²,年均减少率0.91%;就不同类型沙漠化土地来说,极重度沙漠化土地增加28.2 km²,重度、中度、轻度、潜在沙漠化土地均减少,分别减少7.9、17.7、13.8、20.8 km²。贵南县土地沙漠化演化经历了1989-1999年缓慢逆转、1999-2004年快速逆转、2004-2014年缓慢发展3个阶段;虽然沙漠化整体呈现逆转,但极重度沙漠化土地一直增加,且最近10 a贵南县沙漠化土地增加、沙漠化发展增强,沙漠化治理形势依然严峻。     

共和盆地龙羊峡库区1987-1999年间土地覆被变化过程

 利用多时相多光谱遥感数据,针对研究区环境特点及已有研究程度,综合最大似然法监督分类、基于地理知识的多尺度空间分层聚类的部分监督分类方法和主成分方法,分析了位于黄河上游的龙羊峡水库库区1987—1999年间土地利用和覆盖变化过程。结果表明:①库区土地利用与土地覆盖总趋势是土地退化、覆盖度降低,此期间各盖度草场面积共减少500.82 km2,年均减少41.73 km2,其中高盖度草场退化最为严重,13 a间来面积减少361.25 km2,年均减少30.10 km2;土地沙漠化发展速度很快,13 a间沙地面积增加了219.81 km2,年均增加18.32 km2。②库区草场退化,土地沙漠化日趋严重,高盖度草场退化为中盖度草场的面积为70.29 km2,沙漠化面积为60.96 km2;中盖度草场退化为低盖度草场的面积为34.31 km2,沙漠化面积为80.75 km2;低盖度草场退化为沙地的面积为76.50 km2。③库区土地利用、土地覆盖变化在地域空间上具有较大差异性,土地利用、土地覆盖变化最为显著、强烈的区域为黄河西岸的塔拉滩,草场总面积减少215.43 km2,占全区草场退化量的43%;水浇地面积增加32.50 km2,是全区内水浇地面积增幅最大的区域,占全区水浇地增加量的51%;沙地面积扩大158.41 km2,年均增长率为13.2%。河卡滩土地利用类型变化幅度是全区最小的,有些类型基本没有发生变化。分析库区土地利用、土地覆盖变化的主要因素在于自然因素,但从局部区域来看,人为因素在环境变化中起着主导性作用。     

共和盆地生态环境遥感评价及驱动力分析北大核心CSCD

科学评估区域生态环境质量是实现可持续发展的前提。基于2000—2020年Landsat遥感影像,构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)分析青藏高原典型高寒沙区共和盆地近20年的生态环境质量时空变化特征,并使用地理探测器量化该区生态环境的主要驱动因子。结果表明:(1)共和盆地RSEI均值在2000—2020年呈增加趋势,平均增幅为7.5%/10a,空间上呈东高西低、南北高中间低的分布特征;(2)2000—2020年,共和盆地生态环境改善区域占比为66.55%,主要分布在中部和东南部,保持不变的区域占比33.15%,退化区域占比0.29%;(3)降水是影响生态环境质量的关键因子,因子交互作用对生态环境质量的解释力更强,合理的土地资源配置能显著促进生态改善。     

青藏高原当代气候变化特征及其对温室效应的响应

利用１９６１￣１９９０年青藏高原地区４８个台站的气温、降水资料,通过ＥＯＦ展开,将气温序列向前延长至１９０１年,在此基础上分析了高原地区当代气候变化的总体特征,同时模拟结果,讨论了高原气候对全球变暖的响应。结果表明,本世纪以来青藏高原地区气温变化的总趋势是上升的,最近３０ａ高原地区的降水总体上有增加的趋势,气温和降水的变化似乎与大气ＣＯ２含量增加所引起的温室效应增强有关。     

基于孢粉的中全新世以来共和盆地人类活动探讨

采用1310个中国北方表土孢粉,共和盆地达连海化石孢粉数据,利用现代类比法,重建7.0cal kaBP共和盆地的人类活动指数(HI),结果显示:7~5.4 cal kaBP,人类活动非常微弱,盆地内主要为细石器狩猎采集活动,对自然环境影响非常有限;5.4~4.6 cal kaBP人类活动开始显现,宗日文化的定居、农业活动,已经开始对自然环境产生影响;进入3.8~2.0 cal kaBP的青铜时代,HI指示人类活动显著增强,这与当时社会及自然环境背景紧密相关,当时卡约文化遗址数量多达260余处,人口增长,畜牧业确立与普及,风沙活动较弱;1.8~1.2 cal kaBP HI达到峰值,此时汉—唐时期盆地内出现了城址,聚落建制和规模大大提高,人口数量较为稳定,畜牧业发展达到鼎盛,风沙活动较为微弱,人类活动强度达到顶峰;1.0 cal kaBP之后,人类活动相对减弱,这与盆地内风沙活动开始增强,聚落和人口减少,及其畜牧业衰落有关。重建的HI阶段性变化特征与盆地内人类活动的考古和历史记录较为吻合,揭示共和盆地人类活动强度变化,主要受聚落、人口、经济活动形式和沙地变化等自然—社会因素共同驱动,也说明采用孢粉记录来指示过去人类活动变化是可行的。     

青海季节冻土退化的成因及其对气候变化的响应

利用相关分析等数理统计学方法,分析了地形、气候等自然因子对季节冻土时空分布的影响,模拟了冻土对气温、降水、云量等气候因子变化的响应。研究表明:地形、气候因子对青海季节冻土的分布和演变有显著影响,气候变暖是造成季节冻土退化的主要原因;西宁城市化造成的"热岛效应"的加剧以及青海湖水位下降引起的"水体效应"的削弱等局地变化在某种程度上强化了季节冻土对气候变化的响应;季节冻土对气温变化的响应在旬、月尺度上较年际尺度上表现得更为明显,同时,随着冻土深度的加深其滞后效应越明显。     

Geochemical evidences of dry climate in the Mid-Holocene in Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Previous research on climatic change in the Mid-Holocene in China indicates that it was a warm and humid period, accompanied by stronger summer monsoons, and it is defined as the Megathermal in the Holocene, or the Holocene Optimum period. However, this conclusion is mainly directed at the monsoonal region in eastern China. In this research, we chose the Gonghe Basin in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as the study area. Geochemical analysis of the profiles of paleosols and aeolian sand in the Santala area in the middle of the Gonghe Basin, along with OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating, indicates that the regional climate has experienced several warm-humid and cold-dry cycles since 11.8 ka. In particular, the Mid-Holocene (8.1–4.6 ka) was relatively cold and dry as evidenced by drastic fluctuations in chemical weathering degree and humidity, a higher aridity index, and sparse vegetation, accompanying increased winter monsoonal strength. In order to clarify whether this is an individual or local signal, we compared our geochemical analysis results with lake and peat records and aeolian deposits of the monsoonal boundary region. The results indicate that the climate deteriorated widely, with declines in temperature and moisture, in the Mid-Holocene in the modern monsoonal boundary zone. Furthermore, the duration of climate deterioration (relatively dry period) generally decreased from west to east in the aforementioned regions. Therefore, this dry phase in Gonghe Basin may be representative of dry events in Mid-Holocene in northern China. In addition, we discuss the reasons for this dry climate from several perspectives: (1) it probably can be attributed to a decline in summer monsoonal strength; (2) the regional evaporation loss (forced by high temperature) was not compensated by regional precipitation; (3) the thermal dynamic effect of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

Responses of landform development to tectonic movements and climate change during Quaternary in Fenhe drainage basin

Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landform. In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively, this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tectonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes. According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin, it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces. The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP, 0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively, synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8, S5 and S1 respectively. During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak, climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels. The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3 m.     

气候与土地利用变化对汉江流域径流的影响

作为联结大气圈和地圈的纽带,水文循环同时承受气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的双重影响,然而大多数的水文响应研究主要关注未来气候变化对径流的影响,忽略了未来LUCC的作用。因此,本文的研究目的是评估未来气候变化和LUCC对径流的共同影响。首先采用2种全球气候模式(BCC-CSM1.1和BNU-ESM)输出,基于DBC降尺度模型得到未来气候变化情景;然后,利用CA-Markov模型预测未来LUCC情景;最后,通过设置不同的气候和LUCC情景组合,采用SWAT模型模拟汉江流域的未来径流过程,定量评估气候变化和LUCC对径流的影响。结果表明:①未来时期汉江流域的年降水量、日最高、最低气温相较于基准期(1966—2005年),在RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5浓度路径下,分别增加4.0%、1.8℃、1.6℃和3.7%、2.5℃、2.3℃;②2010—2050年间,流域内林地和建设用地的面积占比将分别增加2.8%和1.2%,而耕地和草地面积占比将分别减少1.5%和2.5%;③与单一气候变化或LUCC情景相比,气候变化和LUCC共同影响下的径流变化幅度最大,在RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5浓...     

30年来呼伦贝尔地区草地植被对气候变化的响应(英文)

Global warming has led to significant vegetation changes especially in the past 20 years. Hulun Buir Grassland in Inner Mongolia, one of the world’s three prairies, is undergoing a process of prominent warming and drying. It is essential to investigate the effects of climatic change (temperature and precipitation) on vegetation dynamics for a better understanding of climatic change. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), reflecting characteristics of plant growth, vegetation coverage and biomass, is used as an indicator to monitor vegetation changes. GIMMS NDVI from 1981 to 2006 and MODIS NDVI from 2000 to 2009 were adopted and integrated in this study to extract the time series characteristics of vegetation changes in Hulun Buir Grassland. The responses of vegetation coverage to climatic change on the yearly, seasonal and monthly scales were analyzed combined with temperature and precipitation data of seven meteorological sites. In the past 30 years, vegetation coverage was more correlated with climatic factors, and the correlations were dependent on the time scales. On an inter-annual scale, vegetation change was better correlated with precipitation, suggesting that rainfall was the main factor for driving vegetation changes. On a seasonal-interannual scale, correlations between vegetation coverage change and climatic factors showed that the sensitivity of vegetation growth to the aqueous and thermal condition changes was different in different seasons. The sensitivity of vegetation growth to temperature in summers was higher than in the other seasons, while its sensitivity to rainfall in both summers and autumns was higher, especially in summers. On a monthly-interannual scale, correlations between vegetation coverage change and climatic factors during growth seasons showed that the response of vegetation changes to temperature in both April and May was stronger. This indicates that the temperature effect occurs in the early stage of vegetation growth. Correlations between vegetation growth and precipitation of the month before the current month, were better from May to August, showing a hysteresis response of vegetation growth to rainfall. Grasses get green and begin to grow in April, and the impacts of temperature on grass growth are obvious. The increase of NDVI in April may be due to climatic warming that leads to an advanced growth season. In summary, relationships between monthly-interannual variations of vegetation coverage and climatic factors represent the temporal rhythm controls of temperature and precipitation on grass growth largely.     

30年来呼伦贝尔地区草地植被对气候变化的响应(英文)

Global warming has led to significant vegetation changes especially in the past 20 years. Hulun Buir Grassland in Inner Mongolia, one of the world’s three prairies, is undergoing a process of prominent warming and drying. It is essential to investigate the effects of climatic change (temperature and precipitation) on vegetation dynamics for a better understanding of climatic change. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), reflecting characteristics of plant growth, vegetation coverage and biomass, is...     

汾河流域地貌发育对构造运动和气候变化的响应

Tectonic movements and climate changes are two main controllers on the development of landfrorm.In order to reconstruct the history of the evolution of the landform in the Fenhe drainage basin during middle-late Quaternary comprehensively,this paper has provided a variety of geomorphological and geologic evidences to discuss how tetonic movements and climate changes worked together to influence the landform processes,According to the features of the lacustrine and alluvial terraces in this drainage basin,it is deduced that it was the three tectonic uplifts that resulted in the three great lake-regressions with an extent of about 40-60 m and the formation of the three lacustrine terraces.The times when the tectonic uplifts took place are 0.76 MaBP,0.55 MaBP and 0.13 MaBP respectively,synchronous with the formation of paleosol units S8,S5 and S1 respectively.During the intervals between two tectonic uplifts when tectonic movement was very weak ,climate changes played a major role in the evolution of the paleolakes and caused frequent fluctuations of lake levels.The changes of the features of lacustrine sediment in the grabens show the extent of such fluctuations of lake level is about 2-3m.     

Impact of climate variation on fog in China

Using foggy days and mean temperature and relative humidity data of 602 stations from January to December in the period 1961–2003 in China, the relationship between variations of foggy days and temperature and its possible reason for the 43 years were analyzed by regression, correlation and contrastive analysis methods. The results show that the higher (lower) the mean temperature and the lower (higher) the relative humidity correspond to less (more) foggy days, the relationship is the best in the western, northern and eastern Sichuan, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and southeast highland in China. This induces a decrease in relative humidity when the climate becomes warmer, and eventually brings about a decrease in foggy days in China.     

气候变化对中国大雾的影响

1 Introduction The global environmental problem caused by climatic warming has attracted increasing attention of the scientific communities, the public and governments of various countries. The mean temperature of the recent decade is the highest of the p…