洪湖流域冬季浮游植物多样性调查与评价

为了解洪湖水体中浮游植物的群落结构特征,于2021年10月在洪湖布设10个采样点进行调查,并采用多样性指数对浮游植物群落进行评价。研究结果表明,洪湖水体中共鉴定出浮游植物6门、49属、66种,其中蓝藻门浮游植物种类最多,其次为硅藻门。洪湖冬季浮游植物生物量变化范围为7.85～42.45 mg/L,平均生物量为22.35 mg/L。根据马格勒夫多样性指数(M)、香农维纳多样性指数(H)、辛普森多样性指数(D)、物种均匀度指数(J)和物种优势度(Y)对水体营养状态进行综合评价,结果表明,洪湖水体为中污染—重污染水平。建议从3个方面改善洪湖水质：(1)加大洪湖水体保护力度,严格控制下游和周边地区各类水污染物入湖量,对湖区内农村水污染开展及时、高效防治,合理组织水生浮游植物平衡收割;(2)加强水环境治理,逐渐恢复水体自净能力;(3)加强宣传力度,定期开展水污染防治教育进农村、进社区、进校园。     

内蒙古典型湖泊夏季浮游植物群落结构特征及变化

2011年8月对呼伦湖、乌梁素海和岱海等3个内蒙古代表性湖泊的浮游植物群落结构进行了调查,共发现浮游植物92种,隶属于6门24科47属。3个湖泊的优势种都较单一,呼伦湖的优势种为平裂藻、鱼腥藻和束丝藻;乌梁素海为颤藻、假鱼腥藻和项圈藻;岱海为卵囊藻。3个湖泊的浮游植物平均密度为1.09×108个/L。各站点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.62~3.57,该指数不宜单独用于内蒙古湖泊水质生物评价。经聚类和多维尺度分析,各个湖泊的站点被分为一组。One-wayANOSIM检验结果显示3个湖泊的浮游植物群落结构存在显著差异。与以往调查结果相比,内蒙古湖泊的浮游植物都表现出优势种单一,总密度和蓝藻密度上升的趋势,与近年来内蒙古湖泊面积萎缩、水量锐减、水环境恶化密切相关。     

青岛邻近海域海水中有机碳的分布特征

在2006年8月、12月和2007年4月、10月对青岛邻近海域进行了4个季节的调查,分析了溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,调查海区DOC的浓度范围为1.23-3.15 mg/L,年平均值为1.70 mg/L,POC的浓度范围为0.09-1.04 mg/L,年平均值为0.28 m...     

基于典范对应分析的南太湖入湖口浮游植物-环境关系研究

于2008年9月至2009年8月在南太湖入湖口进行了浮游植物统计、鉴定和相关环境因子监测分析。应用CANOCO4.5软件对获得的浮游植物物种数据和环境因子数据进行了典范对应分析(CCA),并作出了物种分布与环境因子关系的二维排序图。结果表明,共检出浮游植物8门93种,所选取的主要环境因子对浮游植物生长影响大小依次为:氮磷比(N/P)总磷(TP)总氮(TN)溶解氧(DO)水温(T)。以水华微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz)为代表的蓝藻门,以简单衣藻(Chlamydomonas simplex Pasch)为代表的衣藻门和啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa Her)为代表的隐藻门中浮游植物受总磷(TP)浓度影响较大。包括小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris Beij)、四角十字藻(Crucigeniaquadrata Morr)、长尾囊裸藻(Phacus longicauda Duj)等多数蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门内的绝大多数浮游植物受水体中氮磷比(N/P)影响较大。     

浑河浮游植物时空分布特征研究

在探讨浑河浮游植物群落组成及其数量变化规律的基础上,本文对该流域上、中、下游3个采样点浮游植物的时空分布特征进行了一定研究。结果表明,在2017年5月~10月期间,3个采样点共发现8门50种(属)浮游植物,其中硅藻门的小环藻,直链藻,绿藻门的衣藻以及隐藻门的隐藻为优势物种,其群落组成及细胞密度受降雨,温度以及可溶性盐类等因素共同影响。三个采样点的浮游植物细胞密度之和在7月达到最大值,而在10月出现最低值,说明浑河浮游植物数量随月份的变化而改变。在空间分布上,上、中、下游3个采样点浮游植物的种类差异不大,但其细胞密度由上游至下游呈现明显的增加趋势,且汛期较非汛期有明显提高。     

龙滩水库枯水期N、P元素空间分布特征

为研究龙滩水库枯水期溶解态氮、磷营养元素的空间分布特征,在龙滩水库枯水期(2017年1月份)进行分层采样,现场测定水体理化性质及实验室分析水中营养盐浓度。结果表明:龙滩水库水温出现明显垂直分层:0~10m为温跃层;10~60m为混合层;60m以下为底温层;pH值为7.63~7.92,水体呈弱碱性。溶解无机氮(DIN)平均浓度为4.75mg/L。水体溶解性氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮平均值为0.07mg/L、2.62mg/L、2.05mg/L,分别占DIN的1.6%、55.2%、43.2%,硝态氮、亚硝态氮是组成龙滩水库溶解无机氮的主要成分。磷酸盐平均浓度为0.04mg/L。参照潜在性富营养化评价标准,N/P(质量比)比值为73.84,说明龙滩水库枯水期属于磷限制潜在性富营养状态,营养状态空间分布特征:坝前水体双江口红水河镇小马场。     

秦皇岛电厂温排水对浮游植物群落的影响研究

电厂温排水排放入海会抑制部分浮游植物的生长甚至导致其死亡,加剧一些浮游植物的爆发,提高其爆发的频度和广度,导致生物多样性降低。本研究通过对秦皇岛电厂温排水的水温、盐度、电导率、叶绿素a以及营养盐等要素的季节性监测,采用冗余分析方法探讨环境因子对海洋浮游植物群落的季节性影响。结果显示：5月份浮游植物群落主要受到硅酸盐和铵盐影响,8月份浮游植物群落主要受到硅酸盐和亚硝酸盐影响,11月份主要受到硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐影响。针孢藻门的赤潮异弯藻受硅酸盐影响较大,六种硅藻受硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐影响较大,甲藻门的叉状角藻和两种硅藻受温度和电导率影响较大。该研究为近海电厂温排水对海洋生态环境影响研究提供有效实例。     

桂江流域河流有机碳特征

通过对桂江流域内植物、土壤碳同位素、河流有机碳含量及同位素进行系统取样测试分析发现,桂江流域C3植物的δ13C范围为-37.89‰~-23.27‰,C4植物δ13 C范围为-14.49‰~-12.00‰。土壤碳库的δ13 C范围为-30.43‰~-11.56‰,平均值为-24.32‰。土壤碳库主要受C3途径植物控制,C4途径植物对土壤碳库的δ13 C影响有限,植物残体转化成土壤有机质的过程中产生有机碳同位素分馏效应,造成土壤有机碳同位素比植物碳库偏重4.42‰。桂江河流DOC分布范围0.68~2.16mg/L,平均值为1.39mg/L。ρ(POC)分布范围0.11~1.14mg/L,平均值为0.37mg/L,DOC/POC的范围1.31~9.04,ρ(DOC)ρ(POC),成为水体有机碳的主要形式。流域水体中δ13CDOC值的范围为-29.682‰~-15.377‰,平均值为-24.810‰;δ13CPOC值的范围为-27.886‰~-24.271‰,平均值为-25.868‰;两者均位于土壤有机碳库同位素范围内,说明河流有机碳主要来源于土壤的机械侵蚀和土壤有机质的降解,受人类生产生活有机废弃物和河流自生浮游植物的代谢分泌物影响小。     

桂江流域岩溶碳汇特征

为研究岩溶区碳汇动态变化特征,使用德国Merck公司生产的碱度计每月定期对桂江流域14个岩溶大泉和16条地下河出口水中HCO3-含量进行了现场测定。结果表明桂江流域枯水期(11月至次年2月)地下水中HCO3-含量平均为223.62mg/L,平水期(3月、9月)为222.11mg/L,丰水期(4月至8月)为210.19mg/L,枯水期和平水期的HCO3-平均含量比丰水期高13.43mg/L和11.92mg/L。尽管丰水期的HCO3-平均含量不及枯水期和平水期,但其平均流量最大,是平水期的2倍,枯水期的2.8倍,因此其岩溶碳汇量也最大,是平水期的4.7倍,是枯水期的2.7倍。在碳汇构成上,丰水期的岩溶碳汇量占年总碳汇量的63.13%,而平水期和枯水期只分别占年总碳汇量的13.35%和23.51%。      

湖南新田发现大型富锶矿泉水及机理研究

<正>1研究目的(Objective)湖南新田县(图1)发现大型富锶矿泉水田,面积约176.7 km~2,下降泉、机井锶元素平均含量分别为0.38 mg/L、2.76 mg/L,均大于国家饮用天然矿泉水锶含量限值,在西南岩溶区,乃至全国实属罕见。下降泉、机井p H平均值均呈弱碱性,TDS平均值均属于淡水,硬度平均值分别属于微硬水、硬水。Ca2+含量分别占阳离子组成平均含量91.28%、58.05%,HCO3-含量分别占阴离子组成平均含量     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861