地学分析在遥感专题制图中的应用

为了提高数字图像制图的质量和精度, 许多研究人员部在从不同途径探索各种有效方法。本文从地学角度出发, 以地学知识和理论为基础, 结合遥感专题制图, 对成图信息源和数字图像识别的区域参数, 作了综合分析研究。本文重点讨论数字图像冬小麦的识别制图, 用地学、生物学知识和理论, 分析冬小麦等农作物的物候规律, 研究其分类识别的最佳时相图像; 另外, 结合盐碱土等地物的模式识别制图进行了区域参数的分析、确定和量化研究。     

遥感技术在黄土高原土地利用现状调查中的应用研究

本研究选取黄土高原典型丘陵沟壑区——陕西省米脂县为试验区,用TM磁带、TM假彩色合成影像、SPOT多光谱影像和彩色红外航空像片同时对试区进行土地利用现状分类与制图的比较研究。通过对土地利用现状分类系统、TM图像计算机增强处理与自动分类、TM最佳波段组合、三种影像的目视判读与制图、以及遥感信息源的综合评价等多方面的试验研究,为遥感技术在黄土高原1:5万土地利用现状调查制图中的应用提供了一套技术数据及可行的方法。     

面向灾害遥感快速制图的关键技术

根据遥感专题制图过程中存在的问题和面向灾害应用时面临的困难,对面向灾害遥感快速制图的关键技术进行了研究。在建立基础制图数据库基础上,实现灾情专题信息与基础制图数据库快速关联与匹配,并进行灾情信息快速空间化表达,最终实现灾害遥感专题图的快速制作流程。在现有的遥感影像处理基础上,可以很好提高整个制图效率,满足遥感实用化过程...     

近几年我国海图制图的进展

海图测绘是海洋开发的先期性基础工作,对海图的品种、数量和质量提出更高的要求是非常自然的。为此,海图制图的科学技术研究得到了重视,并取得了一些成果。近几年来,我国的海图制图科学技术研究获得了突破性的成果,主要有下列几项: 1.海图制图自动化技术获得了成功我国海图制图长期以来处于手工作业的落后状态。80年代中期,引进了海图自动制图系     

常用卫星遥感影像的介绍和用于制图的分析

介绍了国际上常用的Landsat和SPOT卫星遥感影像的主要参数和背景知识，并对它们应用于各种比例尺地图制图的适宜性进行了分析。     

土壤调查地区级汇总的遥感制图试验研究

本研究的目的是探讨利用遥感影像数据,对县级土壤调查资料进行地区级汇总的制图工作方法。我们依据的制图综合原则是:(1)以现有的土壤图为基础,充分尊重原图上的界线,主要以土层界线重新综合;(2)研究并搞清各种土壤分布规律和它们之间的组合规律,然后进行归并和区分;(3)参照卫星影像特征和判读标志,对某些明显与实地不符之处,以影像和实地调查资料进行修正,有些土壤类型以组合形式表达。本文对利用遥感数据进行制图综合的工作方法进行了详细描述,其中包括:制图单元的综合和比例尺的改变,底图的制作和利用卫星影像对综合后的土壤图进行编制等。研究结果表明,此种方法与常规方法比较,特别是对有一定物质和技术条件的单位(如省级),不仅在土壤调查中,而且在资源调查中皆可采用此种编图技术,收到节省人力、物力和时间的效果。     

地图投影学科性质的演变

随着卫星遥感图像制图和制图自动化的迅速发展 ,古老的地图投影学科已不能完全适应现代测绘工程的需求 ,接踵而来的便是空间地图投影的诞生 ,弥补了静态地图投影的不足 ,从而也使“地图投影”这一早期术语的内涵得以不断地丰富和发展。空间地图投影是地图投影的一个崭新的研究领域 ,它是专门为卫星遥感图像制图而设计的动态地图投影。空间地图投影所要考虑的主要是卫星与地球的双重运动及其对制图的影响 ,时间ｔ也是一个投影参数 ,即空间地图投影的一般公式为ｘ =ｆ1 (φ ,λ ,ｔ) ,ｙ =ｆ2 (φ ,λ ,ｔ)　　自大约公元前 6 40年[1 ] 至今 ,…     

基于高分辨率卫星图像快速成图方法初探

本文给出了基于高分辨率遥感卫星图像的快速制图方法，并对方法中所用的相关数据以及软硬件设施的要求进行了探讨。同时采用某一地区的高分辨率影像，按此方法制作了正射影像，并提取了矢量地物信息数据，验证了快速制图方法的可行性。预测市场应用前景十分广阔。     

《遥感解译与制图》课程体系探讨

遥感图像解译与制图是遥感科学的重要发展方向,在遥感科学与技术、地理信息系统的本科教育中应加强遥感图像解译与制图的相关理论和方法的教学。对课程现状、课程体系、教学内容和教学方法进行了分析和探讨,为促进遥感图像解译与制图的教学和研究提供基础。     

遥感分类结果综合制图方法研究

本文结合现有的综合制图方法,提出了一套遥感分类结果表达的综合制图方法和流程,并以小麦遥感分类结果为例,详细介绍了数据处理及符号设计过程,最后利用模糊综合评价方法对制图效果进行了评价,结果表明:将综合制图方法引进遥感分类结果的表达能够提高表达结果的总体质量等级;综合制图方法对遥感分类结果表达的各方面均有一定改善,其中在专题内容质量和整饰质量上,有显著提高作用,并且能够表达更多的数据信息。     

Managing spatial uncertainty using attribute,geometric, and neighborhood measures in an empirical rule-based model approach

 A rule-based model for managing uncertainty in spatial databases is presented. The overall goal of the model is to allow a user to assign to a single map class each polygon whose class is not entirely certain using more information than only the map class attributes of such polygons (that are herein termed abjects). This situation might arise when multiple map realizations of an area are available and interpreters/cartographers are not in agreement as to what class is present at a given location or when a digital image is classified by algorithmic/probabilistic means. The scale-based model developed relies on attribute, geometric, and neighborhood measures of abjects arranged in a hierarchical rule-based structure. Structural knowledge of these measures leads to the procedural knowledge that determines what action – e.g., merge, reclassify, retain – is to be taken for a given abject. The wider applicability of the model and associated methodology is also discussed. Received: 5 July 2001 / Accepted: 11 April 2002     

基于蚁群算法的土地利用(图)图斑合并方法

很多地图综合问题可以应用优化算法解决,土地利用(图)图斑合并也可以看作是一个优化问题。本文提出了基于蚁群算法的土地利用(图)图斑合并方法。实验结果表明,基于蚁群算法的图斑合并方法优于普通的迭代方法,该方法使综合后各地类面积变化较小且图斑紧凑性较好,是解决土地利用(图)图斑合并问题的一条可行之路。     

遥感分类栅格图的快速矢量化方法

遥感数据成为GIS愈来愈重要的一种数据源.栅格数据与矢量数据之间的快速转换是RS与GIS集成中的关键技术之一.本文通过分析遥感分类图栅格像元之间的关系,快速自动地提取矢量数据点及其连接信息,进而利用连接信息快速生成弧段,由弧段自动组建多边形并建立完整的拓扑关系.实验表明,该方法是一种由遥感分类图自动转换成GIS通用数据的高效方案.     

The Use of Spatial Cognitive Abilities in Geographical Information Systems: The Map Overlay Operation

Spatial cognitive abilities play an important role in the use of GIS, although they have yet to be examined in a controlled experimental setting. This study aimed to develop an experimental design which measures spatial cognitive abilities in the use of GIS, specifically the map overlay operation. Subjects ( n = 134) received three map overlay tests in which they were given two of the following: input map layers, logical operator(s), or output map layer(s). Subjects were required to select the correct logical operator for Test 1, to select the correct output map layer for Test 2, and to select the correct input map layers for Test 3. Each test contained a total of 16 questions, based on a 4 ('and', 'or', 'xor', 'not' operators) × 2 (one or two polygons per map layer) × 2 (three or five polygon edges) factorial design. Results indicated a significant main effect of logical operators and number of polygons on performance; however, there was no effect of the number of polygon edges on performance. Significant two-way interactions revealed an effect of the number of polygon edges and the number of polygons using various logical operators on performance. In addition, performance was not significantly different between males and females or between GIS users and non-users. Overall, results show that map overlays in which a visual correspondence can be made between the same polygons in the input and output map layers are cognitively less demanding than map overlays in which the shape of the polygons have been radically transformed between the input and output map layers. This study helps further develop our understanding of the spatial cognitive abilities which are required in the use of GIS, and whether certain sub-populations differ in these cognitive abilities. These results may contribute to more effective and efficient GIS teaching and interface design by taking into account individual spatial cognitive abilities.     

多源遥感数据在土地利用图件更新中的应用--以怀柔区为例

本文阐述了以怀柔区为试验区,从遥感数据的应用着手,选择SPOT-5、QUICK BIRD、航空摄影像片三种遥感数据源对该区7幅土地利用基础图件作了更新,从而分析了三种数据源在土地利用基础图件更新中不同的适宜程度及其性价比,为土地部门选择合适的遥感数据源进行更新调查提供技术依据。     

土地利用现状图概括中的两类问题探讨

传统的土地利用现状图概括自动化程度较低,需要大量人工处理,通常借助ArcGIS桌面软件提供的空间处理（Geoprocessing）工具,但对于狭长多边形以及最小锐角检查等地图概括问题,没有提供较好的解决方案。本文正是研究处理狭长多边形以及最小锐角检查的地图概括问题。由实验结果可知,利用ArcGIS Engine对最小锐...     

基于结构特征的地图上带晕线多边形的识别

在建立GIS的过程中,从现有的各种比例尺的地形图上获取地理信息是必不可少的工作。带晕线多边形是基本比例尺地形图上最主要的地物要素类别之一,文中在地图二值图像的基础上,根据带晕线多边形的结构特征,利用一系列图像变换技术,首次成功地实现了带晕线多边形的自动识别与提取。提出并实现了用于带晕线类多边形影像分割的4方向RLS变换方法,详细讨论了收缩变换、扩张变换、细化、开图形删除和带晕线类多边形的识别等算法。实验表明,利用文中所述方法进行带晕线多边形识别与提取的正确率可达96%左右。     

Improving Representation of Land‐use Maps Derived from Object‐oriented Image Classification

Object‐oriented (OO) image analysis provides an efficient way to generate vector‐format land‐cover and land‐use maps from remotely sensed images. Such image‐derived vector maps, however, are generally presented with congested and twisted polygons with step‐like boundaries. They include unclassified polygons and polygons with geometric conflicts such as unreadable small areas and narrow corridors. The complex and poorly readable representations usually make such maps not comply well with the Gestalt principle of cartography. This article describes a framework designed to improve the representation by resolving these problematic polygons. It presents a polygon similarity model integrating semantic, geometric and spectral characteristics of the image‐derived polygons to eliminate small and unclassified polygons. In addition, an outward‐inward‐buffering approach is presented to resolve the narrow‐corridor conflicts of a polygon and improve its overall appearance. A case study demonstrates that the implementation of the framework reduces the number of the polygons by 32% and the length of the polygon boundaries by 20%. At the same time, it does not cause distinct changes the distribution of land‐use types (less than 0.05%) and the overall accuracy (decreased only 0.02%) as compared with the original image‐derived land‐use maps. We conclude that the presented framework and models effectively improve the overall representation of image‐derived maps without distinct changes in their semantic characteristics and accuracy.     

一种基于几何特征的面状地理要素变化检测方法

利用分类方法快速更新基础地理信息数据是保持其现势性的一种重要方法,分类后变化检测是其中一个难点.文章提出一种基于几何特征的面状地理要素变化检测方法,将提取的面状地理要素与待更新要素对比,计算两者多边形质心距离、形状系数、周长和面积相似程度等几何特征来判断要素是否发生变化,从而进行更新.实验结果表明,该方法能处理分类后多...     

Preliminary analytical method for unsupervised remote sensing image classification based on visual perception and a force field

Abstract

The analysis of remote sensing (RS) images, which is often accomplished using unsupervised image classification techniques, requires an effective method to determine an appropriate number of classification clusters. This paper proposes a preliminary analytical method to evaluate the input parameters for unsupervised RS image classification. Our approach involves first analysing the colour spaces of RS images based on the human visual perception theory. This enables the initial number of clusters and their corresponding centres to be automatically established based on the interaction of different forces in our supposed force field. The proposed approach can automatically determine the appropriate initial number of clusters and their corresponding centres for unsupervised image classification. A comparison of the experimental results with those of existing methods showed that the proposed method can considerably facilitate unsupervised image classification for acquiring accurate results efficiently and effectively without any prior knowledge.