云南南秧田钨矿床电气石的成分和硼同位素特征及成矿意义

南秧田矿床是滇东南地区最大的以钨为主的金属矿床。文章以含电气石花岗片麻岩、无矿电气石石英脉和白钨矿矿化电气石石英脉样品为研究对象,结合地质特征、电气石元素地球化学及B同位素,对电气石成因开展研究。研究显示三类电气石均属于碱性电气石中的镁电气石,以富Mg及Y位中无Al或低Al为特征,具有相对高的FeO/(FeO+MgO)比值(平均0.53);其稀土元素(REE)配分曲线与晚白垩世花岗岩稀土元素配分曲线相似;δ~(11)B值集中在-14‰,与地壳平均值非常接近,这些特征表明其与岩浆期后热液成因的电气石特征一致。电气石石英脉中广泛的钨矿化表明晚白垩世岩浆期后热液对矿区主矿体的叠加富集作用明显,据此提出距晚白垩世花岗岩体数百米至一千米的中源距离为有利矿化区,为矿区外围及深部勘查评价指明了找矿方向。     

Fe-Al云母及铝铁叶云母

黑云母花岗岩→二云母花岗岩→白云母花岗岩是华南花岗岩类中一种常见的岩石演化序列。岩石中存在贫Li富Fe、Al云母的矿物组合。例如:五里亭-101杂岩体云母组合为黑云母-铁白云母-白云母,湘千岩体为黑云母-锂铁叶云母-铁白云母-白云母,黄山岩体的云母组合包括锂黑云母-锂铁叶云母等。这些云母(表1)的分子式(按氧的原子数等于22计算)中,Li从小于0.4(白云母)到小于0.6(黑云母),低于八面体阳离子总数的10%。对这些富     

广西大厂地区黑云母花岗岩中电气石的化学组成及其对岩浆热液演化的指示

广西大厂地区笼箱盖黑云母花岗岩与区内晚白垩世锡多金属成矿作用在时空上密切相关。岩相学特征表明,笼箱盖黑云母花岗岩中的电气石可以分为三类:1)浸染状电气石; 2)石英-电气石囊; 3)电气石-石英脉。本文利用电子探针和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱系统测定三种不同产状电气石的化学组成。分析结果显示,三种产状的电气石均具有高的Fe/(Fe+Mg)和Na/(Na+Ca)比值,主体属于碱基亚类铁电气石。浸染状电气石为岩浆晚期结晶,其Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值变化于0. 85～0. 94,随着岩浆分异,电气石逐渐富集Li、F、Fe和Sn等元素。与浸染状电气石相比,石英-电气石囊中早阶段电气石具有低的Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值,高的V、Co和Sr含量,可能反映了岩浆演化晚期出现的不混溶富硼熔/流体对早期黑云母和长石的交代作用,从而使囊中早阶段电气石继承部分被交代矿物的化学组成特征;石英-电气石囊中晚阶段电气石的化学组成变化较大(如Li、F、Mg、Al、V、Fe和Zn),与热液成因电气石的推论一致。与浸染状和囊状电气石相比,石英脉中的电气石具有高的Fe/(Fe+Mg)和Na/(Na+Ca)比值;微量元素组成与囊状电气石相似。就成矿元素锡而言,三种产状的电气石均具有相对高的锡含量,与其他地区锡成矿花岗岩中电气石的成分特征相似。但是,从岩浆晚期到热液阶段,大厂地区电气石的锡含量并没有显著升高,可能反映了早期岩浆热液流体对熔体锡有限的萃取作用。     

富有机质页岩方解石脉成因、成岩模式与地质意义——以四川盆地南部龙马溪组为例

富有机质页岩中方解石脉体普遍发育,其形成过程和机制对成烃储层和成藏具有重要指示意义。本文以四川盆地南部龙马溪组为例,采用显微岩相学、阴极发光、原位微区电子探针、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体相结合的方法,分析其中的方解石脉成因,并结合地质背景探讨了成岩流体动态演化模式及其勘探意义。结果表明,研究区龙马溪组页岩发育三期方解石脉,第一期(Cal-1)近围岩或独立生长,形成于同生—准同生成岩阶段,是微生物还原作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Al元素、贫Mn元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=0.06‰～4.53‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.21‰～-10.79‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719366～0.719689;第二期(Cal-2)形成于早成岩阶段,是有机质脱羧作用的产物,以相对富Fe、Mg、Mn、Al元素为特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-6.93‰～-0.08‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-13.28‰～-10.05‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719378～0.720688;第三期(Cal-3)远离围岩,形成于晚成岩阶段,是甲烷热氧化作用的产物,具有富Fe、Mg、Mn元素,不含Al元素的特征,其δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-19.00‰～-12.64‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.08‰～-6.65‰,n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)=0.719855～0.721342。通过对方解石脉成因及流体来源刻画,结合龙马溪组页岩热演化史,三期方解石脉的成岩演化对页岩的储集空间具有改善作用,有利于页岩气的勘探开发。     

滇西地区壳型钨锡成矿系列花岗岩氢氧同位素特征

滇西地区壳型钨锡成矿系列花岗岩全岩δ^18O值多为 9．0- 14．5‰，δD值多为-70--120‰，^87Sr／86Sr(i)>0．708。其中：腾冲-梁河地区K-F(黄玉)花岗岩初始岩浆水δ^18O值为 6- 11‰，δD值为-60--90‰，与华南地区钨锡系列花岗岩相比，δ^18OH2O值略低；云龙铁厂-西盟地区Na-B(电气石)花岗岩初始岩浆水δ^18O值为 6．25- 7．98‰。     

新疆大红柳滩稀有金属矿田花岗岩与伟晶岩成因关系探讨

西昆仑大红柳滩稀有金属矿田出露大面积的复式花岗岩体和数千条花岗伟晶岩脉,含锂和富锂伟晶岩脉分布在巴颜喀拉山群、石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩的内部以及二云母二长花岗岩和石榴子石电气石二云母二长花岗岩的边缘或者外围,围绕复式岩体存在明显的矿物组合分带特征。富锂伟晶岩与二云母二长花岗岩、石榴子石电气石二云母二长花岗岩的空间关系更加密切。野外地质特征和精确的年代学数据显示：复式岩体主要由先后侵入的片麻状石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成,锆石U-Pb年龄分别为214.7～213.7 Ma,214～213 Ma和209.6～208.8 Ma;花岗伟晶岩的锡石、锆石、独居石、铌钽矿物U-Pb年龄分别为223～207.4 Ma,显示花岗伟晶岩与复式岩体具有密切的时空关系。石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩具有不同的岩石地球化学、εHf(t)值、εNd(t)值和δ7Li同位素特征,显示三者来源于不同的岩浆源区。二云母二长花岗和石榴子石电气石二云母二长花岗岩具有相似的εHf(t)值（-9.49～-4.47）和εNd(t)值（-8.64～-7.81）,表明其源于下地壳物质的部分...     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩脉岩浆-热液过程:来自电气石化学组成演化的证据

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号脉不同结构带及其蚀变围岩中电气石化学组成电子探针(EMPA)分析结果显示,蚀变围岩、外接触带和内接触带中电气石为是富钙-铁的镁电气石,电气石化伟晶岩中电气石为富镁-铁的锂电气石,伟晶岩早期结构带(Ⅰ-Ⅳ带)中电气石为黑电气石-锂电气石系列,而伟晶岩晚期结构带(Ⅴ-Ⅶ带)中电气石为锂电气石。蚀变围岩、外接触带和内接触带中电气石以Y位中低Al,高Mg、Ca以及显著低的Al/(Al+Fe)、Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值为特征,主要存在R3++O2-=R2++OH-的置换;伟晶岩内部结构带(Ⅰ-Ⅶ带)中电气石以Y位上极低Mg、Ca,高Fe、Al、Li以及显著高的Al/(Al+Fe)、Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值为特征,主要存在+Al3+=Na++Fe(Mg)2+和Li++Al3+=Fe(Mn)2++Mg2+的置换。蚀变围岩、外接触带和内接触带中电气石化学组成特征指示存在围岩-流体、围岩-熔体相之间的相互作用。伟晶岩早期结构带(Ⅰ-Ⅳ带)中电气石无明显组成分带,为岩浆成因;晚期结构带(Ⅴ-Ⅶ带)中电气石显示振荡环带,形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系。随着伟晶岩由外向里固结,温度逐渐降低,伟晶岩内部结构带中电气石显示Y位上Al、Li、Mn及Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值逐渐增大的演化趋势;内部结构带中电气石几乎不含Mg,指示3号伟晶岩脉岩浆-热液演化是在相对封闭体系中进行的。     

Span-60对电气石粉体的表面改性与复合

电气石(Tourmaline)是一种含硼、铝、钠、铁、锂环状结构的硅酸盐矿物(潘兆橹,1985),化学式可简写为NaR3Al6[Si6O18](BO3)3(OH)4,广泛分布在世界各地,常分为镁电气石(R=Mg)、铁电气石(R=Fe)、锂电气石(R=Li)及锰电气石(R=Mn),因其具有压电性和热电性的特点,     

浙江东南印支晚期的构造伸展事件：来自诸暨大爽岩体的证据

出露于浙江省东南部的大爽岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该岩体形成于227±2Ma,属印支晚期岩浆作用的产物。地球化学分析显示该岩石低Na2O、富K2O,A/CNK=1.26~1.49(大于1.1),为强过铝质、钾玄质系列花岗岩;岩石稀土总量较高,富Sr(Sr=874.6×10-6~1158×10-6),贫Yb(Yb=3.00×10-6~3.92×10-6),富轻稀土而亏损重稀土,具轻微的负铕异常(δEu=0.68~0.70);相对富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素;Sr-Nd同位素分析表明岩石具有较高的初始锶比值(I Sr=0.710718~0.711008)和较低εNd(t)值(εNd(t)=-10.9~-11.1),上述地球化学特征指示该岩体岩浆源区为古老的地壳物质。综合分析认为大爽岩体是古老地壳部分减压熔融的产物,受控于印支造山后的伸展应力作用。     

粤北企岭花岗岩的地球化学特征与成因研究

企岭花岗岩位于粤北诸广山岩体南部的东、西两侧的结合部位,岩性为中粒黑云母花岗岩。元素和同位素地球化学研究表明,企岭花岗岩的主量元素特征是富硅(SiO_2平均为72.24%)、富铝(ACNK值平均为1.08)、钾大于钠(K_2O/Na_2O比值平均为1.86);微量元素特征是富集大离子元素Rb、Th、U和亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、P、Ti;稀土元素特征是总量较高,配分模式呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显(δEu平均为0.28);同位素特征是ε_(Nd)(t)值低(-10.3~-12.0)、[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]i值较高(0.71387~0.72232)和Nd模式年龄古老(1782~1918Ma);源区成分以砂质岩为主。上述特征十分相似于南岭地区的S型花岗岩。由此可知,企岭花岗岩是在太平洋板块俯冲导致先存的大东山—诸广山断裂带重新复活的构造背景下,由古老地壳组分通过部分熔融的方式形成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861