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1.
The present paper deals with the impact of shear deformation on the geometric arrangement of particles within the soil specimen,
which is termed as the microfabric of soil. A series of compression and extension lubricated end triaxial tests are performed
on cylindrical specimens of Kaolinite clay with two extreme microfabrics; dispersed and flocculated, which are obtained using
slurry consolidation technique. Flocculated microfabric has random orientation of particles within the soil mass having face-to-edge
particle contacts; however, dispersed microfabric has parallel orientation of particles containing face-to-face particle contacts.
When the specimen is subjected to large stress levels during its shear deformation, the particle orientation and the geometric
arrangement within the soil specimen gets affected due to the force acting on the clay platelets. The variation in microfabric
of soil before and after shear deformation process is evaluated by obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns of the clay specimen
at three different locations using standard X-ray diffractometer. The discussion includes an analysis of the orientation of
soil particles located at shear banding zones of the clay specimens, which may be useful for understanding the strain localization
development in clays. 相似文献
2.
人工制备结构性土力学特性试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过对结构性土的研究可以掌握天然土受荷过程中的变形破损过程, 从而为考虑土结构性的结构物设计、地基加固等提供依据。本文尝试了一种简单可行的结构性土样的人工制备方法, 通过在原状土料中加入少量水泥和盐粒以形成颗粒间的胶结作用和大孔隙组构以模拟天然黏土的结构性。然后进行了室内压缩试验和不同胶结强度土样在排水和不排水条件下的三轴剪切试验,分析结构性土样的力学特性,以探讨结构性土的破损过程和变形机理。 相似文献
3.
Ajanta Sachan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):213-228
The present paper evaluates the role of microfabric in strain localization patterns observed in soil specimens during its shear deformation in compression and extension triaxial testing. A series of compression and extension lubricated end triaxial tests are performed on Kaolin clay with extreme as well as intermediate microfabrics, which are obtained using slurry consolidation technique by varying calagon content from 0 to 3 %. Intermediate microfabric is the geometric arrangement of particles within the soil mass, which lies in between the particle orientation during two extreme microfabrics; flocculated and dispersed. Flocculated has random orientation of particles with face-to-edge particle contacts and dispersed has parallel orientation of particles with face-to-face particle contacts. When the specimen is subjected to large stress levels in triaxial testing, the particle orientation and geometric arrangement get affected due to the force acting on the clay platelets. In this experimental research, the variation in clay’s stress–strain and pore pressure response and initiation, propagation and formation of shear bands at different levels of compression and extension shearing is evaluated using digital image analysis setup associated with triaxial system. 相似文献
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常规三轴压缩试验中具有较强结构性的黏性土在围压较低时其应力−应变关系会呈现应变软化现象,一般还伴有塑性变形,通常土体内部结构损伤是应变软化产生的主要原因。考虑到采用经典塑性理论描述材料的应变软化不仅会违背 Drucker 的稳定性假设,而且也不能描述卸载塑性。因此,基于修正剑桥模型及 Li 和 Meissner 提出的塑性硬化准则,建立了一个描述饱和黏性土不排水应变软化的弹塑性双面模型。该模型以应力−应变曲线的峰值点分界,将应变硬化和应变软化分别作为独立的加载事件进行分析,同时引入新的结构性参数表征剪切过程中土体结构损伤导致的塑性刚度衰退。对不同固结状态饱和结构性黏土的三轴固结不排水压缩试验结果的模拟表明,所建模型能够较好地描述饱和黏性土的不排水应变软化特性。 相似文献
6.
冲击荷载作用对土体力学特性影响较大,为了研究此特性,基于天津滨海结构性软黏土,以空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟冲击荷载作用,并在冲击荷载作用前后对土体进行不固结不排水三轴试验,对比研究不同试验条件下结构性软黏土力学特性。试验结果表明:低围压常规三轴剪切试验状态下,土体表现出弱应变软化现象,且土体抗剪强度包线不能用直线表示,而是可由两条直线近似拟合而成;冲击荷载作用时,在一定应力范围内,冲击荷载越大,土体轴向应变、孔隙压力以及主应力差峰值也越大;冲击荷载作用后三轴剪切试验各围压下土体都呈应变硬化型,主应力差峰值均大幅减小,且土体抗剪强度包线均可用直线表示,c、φ值也远小于未受冲击荷载时三轴剪切试验相应数值。最后,总结分析冲击荷载作用对软黏土强度的影响,并拟合得到强度折减与围压、冲击荷载的关系,为实际工程中承受冲击荷载的结构性软黏土强度确定提供参考。 相似文献
7.
基于扰动状态概念的结构性土压缩特性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于土结构性的影响天然沉积土的结构是亚稳定的,屈服后的压缩变形阶段必然伴随着结构的破损。将附加孔隙比?e作为表征原状土的一个结构状态参数,基于扰动状态概念,引入定量分析附加孔隙比?e随固结压力变化关系的方法,得到一维扰动状态概念(DSC)压缩模型,以描述结构性土压缩损伤现象,并通过结构破损指数b来刻画压缩过程中的结构破损速率。根据该模型,对太湖湖沼相典型的天然沉积软黏土、粉质黏土和硬黏土不扰动试样的一维压缩试验结果进行模拟和分析,并结合试验数据提出了模型参数的测定方法。分析结果验证了该模型能够描述具有不同结构形式土样的压缩特性及其实际变形过程中表现出的非线性,这给结构性土非线性固结与沉降计算提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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This paper gives a brief account of the results of a series of oedometer tests and triaxial creep tests on frozen soils.
The oedometer tests are performed on artificially frozen sand, silt and clay. The tests also include ice as a reference material. The results are given by parameters describing the tangent deformation modulus and the time resistance against creep.
The triaxial creep tests are carried out on the artificially frozen clay, and on a permafrost clay from Spitsbergen. The data are interpreted in accordance with Hult's theory. The artificially frozen clay shows much higher creep resistance than the permafrost clay.
In addition to deformation moduli and creep parameters the routine data of the materials tested are also included. 相似文献
10.
This paper presents an elasto‐plastic model for unsaturated compacted soils and experimental results obtained from a series of suction‐controlled triaxial tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. The initial density dependency of the compacted soil behaviour is modelled by establishing experimental relationships between the initial density and the corresponding yield stress and thereby between the initial density and the location and slope of normal compression line. The model is generalized to three‐dimensional stress states by assuming that the shapes of the failure surface and the yield surface in the deviatoric plane are given by the extended SMP criterion. A considerable number of the isotropic compression, triaxial compression and extension tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities were performed using a suction‐controllable triaxial apparatus, to measure the stress–strain–volume change in different stress paths and wetting paths. The model has well‐predicting capabilities to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of specimens compacted under different conditions not only in isotropic compression but also in triaxial compression and triaxial extension. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
目前大多数非饱和土的弹塑性本构模型用非饱和击实土的试验结果进行验证,但现场其他类型的土,如沉积土经常有在非饱和状态下外部环境变化的情况。现有的非饱和土弹塑性模型是否适用于沉积土一类的现场土是需要研究的课题。进行非饱和上海第③层土的吸力控制排水排气三轴剪切试验,使用文中提出的能统一考虑非饱和土水力性状和力学性状的弹塑性本构模型,预测上述三轴试验结果,并与试验数据进行比较。比较结果显示,建立的本构模型能够很好地预测非饱和上海软土的水力和力学性质,说明该模型不仅可以适用击实土的预测,还能够很好地适用于其他类型非饱和土的水力和力学性质的模拟。 相似文献
12.
不同应力路径下土体的变形特性与破坏特性 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
在固结不排水加荷与卸荷两种情况下,基于土体常规的三轴压缩试验结果和真三轴平面应变试验结果,指出不同的应力路径下土体具有不同的变形特性和破坏特性,并且这些特性差异的根本原因在于不同的应力路径,有着其球应力p和广义剪应力q与球应力p的比值q/p的不同变化趋势。最后,依据Matsuoka-Nakai破坏准则和其相应的转化型式,进一步探讨了其破坏参数k2值的确定方法。试验检测的结果表明,Matsuoka-Nakai破坏准则能给出土体较为准确的破坏强度预测结果。 相似文献
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Stress-path dependent behavior of a weathered clay crust 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vinod K. Garga Mahbubul A. Khan Sai K. Vanapalli 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1481-1509
Triaxial compression and oedometer consolidation tests are commonly performed to evaluate the strength and deformation behavior
of soils. However, in the field, the stress paths imposed by various engineering works may deviate from the stress paths conventionally
used in laboratory tests. Moreover, the stress-paths followed by different soil elements under a foundation are different.
To obtain representative soil parameters, the laboratory stress path should be similar to that followed in the field. In this
study, a significant number of stress-path triaxial tests, with stress probes in various directions, have been conducted to
study the stress-path dependent behavior of an overconsolidated weathered crust of Champlain clay in Eastern Ontario. Both
undrained and drained tests have been conducted for samples isotropically consolidated to the in situ vertical stress and anisotropically consolidated to in situ state of stress. The yield locus of the clay crust has been defined. It has been observed that the strength-deformation and
yielding behavior of this weathered clay crust highly depends on the stress-path as well as on the in situ stress history. 相似文献
15.
Mechanical Behavior of a Clay Soil Reinforced with Nylon Fibers 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
A. R. Estabragh A. T. Bordbar A. A. Javadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):899-908
Soft soils are well known for their low strength and high compressibility. Several techniques, including reinforcement, are
commonly used to increase the strength and decrease the deformation of this kind of soil. This paper presents the results
of an investigation into the effects of fiber on the consolidation and shear strength behavior of a clay soil reinforced with
nylon fibers. A series of one dimensional consolidation and triaxial tests were conducted on samples of unreinforced and reinforced
clay with different percentages of randomly distributed nylon fibers. The results show that the preconsolidation pressure
decreases and the coefficient of swelling and compression generally increase with increasing the fiber content. Furthermore,
the addition of the fiber leads to a significant increase in shear strength and friction angle of the natural soil. 相似文献
16.
Ron C. K. Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(2):131-153
Oil sands are dense granular materials with interlocked structure and clay shales are heavily overconsolidated clays. They are classified as structured soil or weak rock, exhibiting high peak strength with severe softening and dilation, particularly at low confining stress. The triaxial compression test results indicate that both materials yield linear Mohr–Coulomb envelopes with an apparent cohesion for peak and residual strengths. However, the strength components mobilized from these two materials are very different. This paper investigates if these strength parameters are intrinsic properties or responses derived in triaxial compression conditions. Computer tomography scanning technique is used to aid in examining the micro‐structural features of the sheared specimens such as shear banding pattern, shear band thickness, spatial porosity distributions inside and outside shear bands. These micro‐structural features are used to explain the macro‐deformation response observed in the triaxial compression tests. Mobilization of strength components derived from interlocked structure, cementation, dilation, rolling and critical state are analysed for pre‐, post‐peak softening and residual stages. It is found that the empirical correlation such as Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion based on triaxial compression test results does not necessarily reflect the intrinsic properties of the test materials. Testing conditions are embedded in the empirical correlation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
上海重塑粘性土的直剪特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
上海地区浅层广泛分布的淤泥质粉质粘土、淤泥质粘土和粘土具孔隙比大、含水量高、压缩性大、强度低等特点,容易对工程造成严重不良影响。对这三种土重塑样的直剪特性进行了系统研究,试验方法包括固结快剪和固结慢剪,剪切过程中量测剪切位移和竖向压缩量,剪切结束后量测了破坏面上的土样含水率。结果显示,固结慢剪试验中土样均硬化,剪切位移达6mm时仍未破坏;而固结快剪试验中,除粉质粘土外另两类土在0.2mm的位移下就达到剪切强度。通过试验得到了剪切应力与剪切位移关系、剪缩变形量和抗剪强度参数等。结合试验结果,对粉质粘土与粘土的不同结构导致直剪特性的差异进行了分析讨论。可为上海重塑土的结构及力学特性研究提供依据和借鉴。 相似文献
18.
基于Wheeler土体各向异性旋转硬化法则,结合边界面理论,构造一个能够反映土体初始各向异性及加载后应力诱发各向异性的边界面本构模型,并借助ABAQUS软件提供的UMAT子程序接口,采用隐式积分算法--图形返回算法实现。通过对正常固结状态下(OCR=1)高岭土试样三轴不排水剪切试验进行模拟,并将模拟结果与ABAQUS自带的修正剑桥模型模拟结果进行了比较分析,表明本模型的模拟结果能够反映土体在偏压加载过程中产生的各向异性现象。在此基础上,采用本模型对中等超固结(OCR=4)高岭土试样三轴不排水剪切试验进行模拟,并再次与ABAQUS自带的修正剑桥模型模拟结果进行比较,表明本模型能够较好地反映中等超固结土在小应变情况下的非线性特性。相比于经典弹塑性模型,如修正剑桥模型,本模型的模拟结果更符合中等超固结土的变形特性。 相似文献
19.
针对软土地区路基运营后显著的长期沉降效应问题,以及天然沉积软土均具有一定结构性的特点,制备了不同胶结强度的人工结构性土,开展了结构性土与相应重塑土的压缩试验和动三轴试验,分析了循环次数、动应力比和结构性强度对土体累积塑性变形的影响规律。试验结果表明:土体累积变形随着循环次数、动应力比的增大而增大,随着结构性强度的提高而减小;累积应变曲线可分为破坏型、稳定型和临界型3种形式。进而考虑土结构性影响,在已有累积变形模型基础上引入应力灵敏度Sσ参数,分别建立了结构性软土的破坏型和稳定型的累积变形模型,较好地预测了结构性软土不同变形状态的累积应变曲线,并分析了模型参数随应力水平和结构强度的变化规律。 相似文献
20.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):277-285
Fiber-reinforced soils have many applications in improving the response of clayey soils. In this paper, an analytical model for the analysis of fiber-reinforced soil in the framework of modified cam clay model is presented. The analytical model is verified using experimental results from the standard undrained triaxial tests with pore water pressure measurements. Tests have been conducted on clayey soil specimens reinforced with randomly oriented discrete coir fibers with different percentages of fiber contents. Numerical simulations of triaxial compression tests on fiber-reinforced clay specimens were also performed. Results are presented in the form of stress vs. strain curves for plain soil as well as fiber-reinforced soil for various fiber contents based on the model developed. The results demonstrate the applicability of proposed analytical model in predicting the stress strain response of fiber-reinforced soils. 相似文献