太湖梅梁湾下行漫射衰减系数的特征分析

水体下行漫射衰减系数(Kd)不仅反映了水质的信息,而且是生物-光学模型中的关键参数,因而受到了广泛的关注.本文基于太湖梅梁湾水下光场的数据,分析了不同波长Kd的波动性随水深的变化特征,结果表明:由于水体表面波的作用,在60cm以上,Kd随深度呈现较强烈的震荡现象,而到60cm以下,随着光子的行程增大,介质散射对光场的改变趋于明显,造成该震荡幅度减弱,趋于稳定状态,甚至呈现出光场的渐进态特征.且在0-60cm的区域,下行漫射衰减系数的波动程度与水体的吸收特性呈现明显的线性相关,即水体的吸收作用突显了表面波的效应.该水体中非藻类颗粒物和黄质具有对短波光强烈吸收的特性,减弱了介质散射使光场漫射比例提高的作用,加强了表面波对水下光场的扰动作用,使得相对长波而言,短波的Kd随水深呈现出相对较大的震荡现象.     

Satellite and In Situ Observations of a Phytoplankton Bloom from Coastal Bay of Bengal: Role in pCO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Modulation

A phytoplankton bloom was monitored in coastal waters of Bay of Bengal and its influence in water column properties was investigated. Significant draw down of CO₂ was noted within the vicinity of the bloom associated with high chlorophyll biomass. Microscopic analysis revealed diatoms as the dominant population. Skeletonema costatum a diatom, reached cell density of 36,898 cells l^?1 within the bloom. The lowest surface pCO₂ observed was 287 µatm at the southern end of the transect covarying with surface chlorophyll of 1.090 µg l^?1. At the northern end the surface pCO₂ went as low as 313 µatm. The pCO₂ levels below the mixed layer increased twice of that of surface value (~600 µatm). The chlorophyll values observed by Ocean Colour Monitor-2 were modestly related with the in situ measurements. The primary productivity derived from growth rate, assimilation number and maximum surface chlorophyll was 160.6 mg C m^?2 day^?1 leading to a modest sequestration ~of 0.08 Gg of carbon per day by the surface waters. Our observations reflects the potential role of diatom blooms on coastal carbon dynamics therefore should be carefully monitored in realm of anthropogenic changes.     

联合多平台InSAR数据集精确估计地表沉降速率场

分析了不同平台InSAR数据集的成像几何差异以及时空分辨率不一致对沉降场联合反演的影响,提出了多平台InSAR数据联合估计方法及其解决方案。将该方法应用于分析覆盖上海地区的18景TerraSAR-X、16景ENVISAT ASAR和20景ALOS PALSAR数据,提取了数据共同覆盖时间段内（2009年~2010年）的上海市地表沉降速率场分布,并与同期获取的水准数据进行了对比验证。实验结果表明,本文方法能有效的联合多组观测数据给出更精确的沉降估计结果,且无需外部数据校正。     

采用方差-协方差分量估计GPS时间序列噪声特性

本文采用方差-协方差分量估计分析GPS残差时间序列噪声特性。介绍了该方法如何运用于GPS时间序列分析,详细的推导了函数模型,建立了数据处理流程。对比传统的极大似然估计,该方法可以定量计算各噪声分量的大小,并且具有计算速度快,数学模型严谨等优点。     

GPS时间序列中同震和震后形变的自动识别和估计

地震发生时,附近GPS观测站会捕捉到同震和震后形变,同震和震后形变对地学研究和维持动态参考框架具有重要作用,识别和估计同震和震后形变也是GPS时间序列处理的重要内容。提出综合检校法识别和估计GPS时间序列中的同震和震后形变,首先利用该方法对GPS站建模,综合考虑多源的同震阶跃及兼容性和均方根RMS减小率来判断测站是否受到地震影响,然后用试错法搜索最优衰减常数τ后,利用最小二乘估计包含同震和震后形变的所有参数,最后以真实震例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Estimation of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide and Air-Sea Fluxes in Hooghly Estuary Based on In Situ and Satellite Observations

An empirical model is developed and used with remotely sensed predictors: sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), to compute surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO_2w) and air-sea fluxes of CO₂ in the Hooghly estuary and its adjacent coastal oceans. In situ observations used here were based on measurements carried out in this region during winter and summer periods in 2008. The estimated pCO_2w compares well with the in situ observations at root mean square error ±18 μatm. In winter, estimated pCO_2w ranges between 320 and 500 μatm with large values (>400 μatm) on the south-western and south-eastern flanks of the coastal domain and lower values (340–375 μatm) on the main-channel. In summer, it remained spatially uniform at 450 μatm. Extrapolation of the results over the study region based on the Moderate Imaging Specroradiometer (MODIS) measured SST and Chl-a suggests that the region is a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ during the summer with net release of 0.095 Tg C year^?1 (equivalent to mean flux of 90 molC m^?2 year^?1) and is a weak source during the winter with net release of 0.006 Tg C yr^?1 (0.5 molC m^?2 year^?1) from the geographical extent of 6000 Km² area.     

联合小波和方差分量估计方法分析中国IGS测站时间序列变化特征

利用小波谱分析了中国区域IGS（International GNSS Service）站坐标时间序列中周期信号成分及其随时间的变化,根据小波谱中小波系数的能量在时域上的变化对时间序列进行分段,然后采用方差-协方差验后估计法分析了白噪声+闪烁噪声组合模型下测站在不同时间段的运动特征及变化规律。结果表明,中国区域的IGS站运动特征在不同时间段内是变化的,其中URUM站垂直速度变化大于4 mm,BJFS以及CHAN站水平速度变化大于2 mm,其余站速度变化均在2 mm以内;周年、半周年信号的振幅也均有差异,其中BJFS站垂直分量周年振幅变化最大,超过5 mm;此外,强度较弱的其他周期项存在于分段时间序列中,但其对速度、周期振幅以及噪声分量估计结果影响较小;对时间序列进行分段估计,所得的参数不同,其相差程度可反映出不同时间段内的板块运动等地球物理因素变化的差异。     

汶川地震前后四川盆地CORS站运动特性分析

为探讨四川盆地在汶川地震前后地壳运动的规律,本文对2006年3月至2012年9月四川12个连续运行参考站（Continuously Operating Reference Stations, CORS）6年多的观测资料进行了详细的处理和分析。通过比较震前震后CORS站运动的相似性和差异性发现：由于震后形变的影响,震后第一主成分(Principle Component First, PC1)的贡献率下降20%~40%;震后多站的速度场发生了明显的变化,突出表现在PIXI,CHDU,MYAN等站,YAAN,QLAI站处于闭锁状态;盆地垂直分量的周年振幅在震前一年偏大,震后逐年减小。以上发现表明汶川地震可能改变了四川盆地原有的运动特性。