安徽和县香泉独立铊矿床的地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

安徽和县香泉铊矿床位于长江中下游成矿带北侧的皖东地区,是目前为止发现的罕见独立铊矿床。和县地区位于扬子板块、华北板块和大别造山带之间的过渡带,区内无岩浆岩出露。矿床的赋矿围岩为奥陶系下统仑山组微晶灰岩、泥灰岩和泥岩,主要控矿构造为断裂和褶皱。矿床主要由一个矿体组成,矿体总体上为似层状和透镜状,分布与地层走向大体一致。矿床中铊高度富集,黄铁矿是铊的主要载体矿物,铊主要以类质同象形式替代铁进入黄铁矿晶格,其次以纳米级、次纳米级铊矿物颗粒形式产出。矿床的围岩主要蚀变类型有萤石化、重晶石化、硅化和碳酸盐化等。矿床的地质地球化学特征研究表明,铊矿床的形成经历了两个成矿期,即海底热水沉积成矿期和低温热液改造成矿期。奥陶纪海底热水形成含铊黄铁矿建造,早白垩纪低温成矿流体对黄铁矿建造进行叠加改造,并使铊进一步活化富集。香泉铊矿床的发现和研究表明,分散元素铊不仅可以富集形成伴生型多元素矿床,还可以形成单一元素的独立铊矿床。     

长江中下游地区首例低温独立铊矿床的Sm-Nd同位素定年及其意义

为了确定长江中下游地区首例独立铊矿床—安徽和县香泉铊矿床的热液改造期成矿时代,对矿床中早晚两阶段10件萤石样品进行了SmNd同位素测定,得出早、晚两阶段萤石的等时线年龄分别为131.6±3.0Ma和79±11Ma。结合矿床地质地球化学特征,认为该独立铊矿床低温热液成矿作用发生在晚燕山期,并在燕山期末发生过一期热(泉)活动的叠加。该矿床的发现指示在长江中下游地区存在晚燕山期低温成矿事件和可能的低温成矿域。长江中下游地区燕山期以铊为代表的低温热液成矿作用和以铜(铁)金为代表的中高温热液成矿作用之间可能存在着密切的成因关系,为同一热液流体系统的产物。     

铊矿床成矿规律

对全球主要铊矿床的成矿地质背景、成矿时代、控矿构造、赋矿围岩和成矿物理化学条件进行了综合对比分析,得出了全球铊矿床的分布特征与成矿规律:铊矿床主要产出于沉积岩发育的中-低温成矿域中,且成矿时代较新;铊矿床的赋矿围岩通常为铊背景值高的沉积岩;大多数铊矿床具有典型的低温成矿特征.     

安徽和县香泉独立铊矿床铊的赋存状态研究

分散元素铊成矿作用的相关研究近年来已经取得了重要进展,但矿床中铊的赋存状态研究仍有待深入.香泉独立铊矿床位于长江中下游成矿带北侧的皖东地区,该矿床中铊的赋存状态研究对拓展铊元素成矿研究具有重要意义.本文通过矿相学、微量元素地球化学、电子探针分析和X射线粉晶分析等方法,确定了香泉铊矿床中黄铁矿是铊的主要载体矿物.铊在黄铁矿中主要以类质同象形式替代铁进入黄铁矿晶格,其次以纳米级、次纳米级铊矿物颗粒形式产出.     

南华砷铊矿床元素地球化学和成矿模式

南华砷铊矿床位于云南省南华县城东南,北距县城５５ｋｍ。矿床产于上侏罗统江边组雄黄厂段（Ｊ３＾１ｃ）,以砷和铊元素组合为特征,属于典型的低温热液改造矿床。通过矿床地质、稀土元素和成矿模式的研究,对矿床成矿作用进行讨论。卤素,尤其氯是铊富集成矿的矿化剂,铊价态变化在富集成矿过程中具有重要作用。成矿流体是具有Ｃｅ和Ｅｕ负异常的酸性溶液,基本保留了矿源层的稀土分布模式。在成矿过程中亲石元素和亲硫元素均不同     

西南低温成矿域铊(含铊)矿床地球化学和生物成矿

西南低温热液改造矿床成矿域包括扬子地块西南缘一百多万平方公里的广大地域;东与华南褶皱系毗邻,西到云南三江地区,南至中越边境,北与四川接壤,地域广阔、矿种齐全,类型之多、规模之大、组合之复杂堪称世界低温热液改造矿床成矿域之最。最使人瞩目的就是这一地域孕育着一批大型和超大型汞、锑、砷、铅、锌等有色多金属矿床,金、银、铂、钯贵金属矿床(矿化),铊、镉、锗、硒、碲分散元素矿床和水晶、重晶石、萤石等非金属矿床。     

贵州西南部滥木厂式铊(汞)矿床研究

本文扼要总结了作者１０余年来对贵州西南滥木厂式铊（汞）矿床的研究成果,依据地层岩相,控矿构造、主要矿物组合,铊矿石类型、微量元素、氢氧硫同位素、赋矿地层中成矿元素的分布特点等方面的资料,讨论了滥木厂式铊（汞）矿床的成矿物质来源和地质地球化学特征,归纳出一个两期四阶段模式,在总结该类型铊（汞）矿床找矿条件和找矿标志的基础上,指出了该类型矿床的找矿远景及主攻方向,并对滥木厂铊矿床成为大型乃至超大型铊矿     

黔西南铊矿床（点）赋矿地层中成矿元素的若干地球化学问题研究

本文以地球化学过程基本定律为指导，根据区域和矿区外围八条剖面１６９件样品的分析数据，采用柯尔莫各洛夫非参数正态检验法，对黔西南铊矿床（点）赋矿地层中成矿元素Ｔｌ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ的丰度值进行了研究。     

云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学

云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学＠张兴茂￥中国科学院地球化学研究所砷铊矿床,矿床地球化学,环境地球化学,成矿模式,云南南华云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学张兴茂（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州５５０００２）关键词砷铊矿床矿床地球化学环境地球化学成矿...     

中国西南低温成矿域铊(含铊)矿床某些找矿问题研究

由于中国西南低温成矿域独特的地质成矿环境,从而形成了矿种齐全,不同规模的矿床组合,特别是大型和超大型金属矿床组合.它们包括Tl、Hg、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ge、Sn、Au和Ag等在内的一套亲铜族元素组合的系列矿床.在矿产资源紧缺的今天,研究它们的成矿和找矿问题尤显重要.基于对Tl的亲硫亲砷性质、区域地质成矿环境、表生地球化学循环和生物地球化学研究,本文以铊矿床为例,从铊(含铊)矿物、元素组合、多岩性岩、生物成矿和表生地球化学5个方面对铊(含铊)矿床找矿某些问题进行阐述.     

A preliminary investigation and evaluation of the thallium environmental impacts of the unmined Xiangquan thallium-only deposit in Hexian,China

The Xiangquan Thallium-only deposit in Hexian, east China is a newly found near-surface and unmined shallow-seated thallium deposit. The 250t Tl deposit is hosted in Lower Ordovician Lunshan Group as lenticular and confined by northeast F1, F2 faults. The metallic minerals are dominated by pyrite, more than 95% Tl occurs in pyrite as tiny individual grains or as ‘‘invisible thallium”. Tl and other trace elements pollution in ecosystems such as soils, surface and ground waters and water sediments, plants and crops, and animal and human beings in Xiangquan near the Tl ore deposit have been investigated and evaluated. Results show that Tl as well as As and Sb in ecosystems in Xiangquan around the deposit have enriched, they came from Tl-pyrite in the ore bodies and in the parent rocks of weathered soils on top of the ore bodies and went into the nearby ecosystems through weathering, leaching and dissolving. In 2 km² around the Xiaolongwang Mountain where the Tl ore deposit seated, soils, vegetables, crops have been polluted or heavily polluted by Tl, As and Sb. Farmlands near the ore body are not fit to grow vegetables and crops. Thermal Spring water in Xiangquan town and pond water close to the Tl deposit are not potable. Tl also enriches in human hair and urinate of villagers who live close to the Tl deposit. Even through the Tl-only deposit has put clear environmental impacts on the local environment and ecosystems around it, no serious consequences of Tl pollution have so far taken place due to unmining of the Tl deposit as well as the screen effect of the silicficious breccia cap on top of it. All this work adds new knowledge to understand Tl behavior in unmined Tl deposit, and also benefit to the local environmental protection and the future mineral resources exploration.     

A preliminary geological and geochemical study of the Xiangquan thallium deposit, eastern China: the world’s first thallium-only mine

Summary Here we report the first example of a thallium-only deposit, which was discovered in the northeast margin of the Yangtze block, eastern China, in the transition zone between the Yangtze Block, North China Block and Dabie orogenic belt. Ore from the Xiangquan deposit will be mined, ore-dressed and smelted independently for thallium. The ore deposit is hosted in Lower Ordovician micrite, calcilutite and marl within the Dalongwang Mountain Xiao Mountain anticline. The ore zones are fold and fault controlled. Thallium occurs mainly in pyrite but minor amounts form as lorandite (TlAsS₂) and hutchinsonite (TlFeS₂). Fluid inclusion studies of two stages of fluorite intimately associated with ore-forming pyrite yielded homogenization temperatures of 120 to 220 °C with a salinity of 1.5 to 6.0 equivalent wt.% NaCl. Thallium was originally derived by hydrothermal emanations onto the sea floor and deposited in calcareous sediments. Subsequently in the Early Cretaceous (Yanshanian period) these source beds were reworked to form thallium enriched minerals in hydrothermal veins.     

扬子板块东北缘中元古代的大地构造划分

扬子板块东北缘存在四条主要的中元古代变质带,自南向北依次为江南变质带、沿江变质带、云台-张八岭变质带和连云港-泗阳变质带.它们分别为中元古代的古弧后盆地、火山岛弧、裂谷及弧前盆地,扬子板块东北缘中元古代为活动大陆边缘构造体系.苏(北)胶(南)变质造山带应解体,其中一部分属扬子大陆边缘体系.     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床萤石稀土元素地球化学特征

以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义。研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物。萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一。变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低。稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响。变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征。Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系。     

扬子西南缘拉拉10CG矿床萤石稀土元素地球化学特征

以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义.研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物.萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一.变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低.稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响.变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征.Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系.     

扬子地块西南缘铅锌矿床Cd、Ge与Ga富集规律初步研究

扬子地块西南缘分布着大量富含Cd、Ge与Ga的铅锌矿床，已成为我国Pb、Zn及Cd、Ge与Ga矿产资源的重要生产基地。对代表性铅锌矿床进行野外地质调查和系统采样鉴定后．应用电子探针微区分析手段，研究主要矿石矿物闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿中分散元素的富集特征。结果显示．各类矿床中闪锌矿均相对富集Cd，方铅矿富集Ge与Ga，而黄铁矿中Cd、Ge与Ga的富集系数均相对较低．未呈现出选择性富集的趋势；赋存于震旦纪一寒武纪地层且以脉状、网脉状产出的矿体中闪锌矿的Cd含量明显高于赋存于晚古生代并以层状产出的矿体中闪锌矿的Cd含量。     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床辉钼矿硫同位素及其地质意义

正硫是铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床中铜和金沉淀的重要因素之一(Williams et al., 2005),因此,硫的来源对于了解此类矿床的形成过程及其成因具有重要意义(Haynes, 2000),但由于IOCG矿床在成矿环境、成矿时代、矿床类型上的多样性以及成矿机制的复杂性,加之硫同位素数据的相对缺乏,人们对系类矿床硫的来源有较大争议(何德峰,2009)。     

A preliminary study on the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Rift Valley

The famous Middle-Lower Yangtze River Rift formed in Mesozoic (Yenshanian) is a typical continental rift, which is related to the predominant NE-striking faulting, and features a unique band-netted structural pattern as a controlling factor for the extensively developed magmatism. A variety of ore deposits were formed as a result of magmatic activities. The development of the rift was principally governed by the uplifting of the upswelled zone triggered off by strong compressional stress in the upper mantle underneath the rift. Rifting, however, was superimposed upon the folding movement of late Indosinian period in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which had more or less influence on the development of the rift, thus leading to some distinct features differing from those of typical continental rifts found elsewhere in the world.