莎车1991—2013年春季首日变化特征及其对果树花期的影响

利用莎车县气象局1990—2013年地面气象观测资料和莎车农业气象试验站1992—2013年杏、苹果、桃、梨、沙枣、巴旦姆花期观测资料,分析莎车春季首日变化特征及对果树花期的影响。结果表明：莎车春季首日平均为3月21日,2000年出现突变性提前,春季首日与3月及3月各旬平均气温呈极显著相关,与年平均气温、1月中旬及2月下旬平均气温呈显著相关;3—5月果树陆续进入花期,杏（巴旦姆）花期最早、梨（桃、苹果）花期次之、沙枣花期最晚。杏、梨、沙枣花期持续时间年际差异较大,但均呈现增多趋势,其中杏突增年份与春季首日突变年份基本一致,梨、沙枣偏晚3～5年;果树开花始期、开花盛期、开花末期与春季首日的差值变化基本一致,其中开花始期与春季首日相关性最好,杏花期与春季首日最接近;采用偏最小二乘法建立杏、梨、沙枣等3种代表性果树开花始期回归预报模型,经历史拟合和2011—2013年检验, 模型可以较好的模拟和预报杏、梨、沙枣开花始期。     

桃小食心虫发生规律及防治方法研究

桃小食心虫是果树的主要害虫之一。在国内分布比较广泛,特别是东北地区是桃小食心虫的主要分布区域。其危害的果树种类较多,但危害较重的有苹果、梨、桃、李、杏、山楂等。本文对九台市桃小食心虫的发生活动规律,桃小食心虫与气象因子的关系,其发生的气象指数等进行了认真的总结和分析,并结合实践提出了切实可行的防治措施。     

这是巧合吗?

我们河头大队是个老梨区,梨树面积1,200亩,大小果树17,000余棵。1974年梨的总产量达到4百万斤,超过了历史最高水平。 我哨自1965年建立以来,在果树与气象关系方面找到了些指标,配合果树管理,起了一定作用。 一、梨树开花期对天气条件的要求 梨树从花芽萌动到盛花期这一阶段最不喜欢大风暴雨和低温天气,因为遇到这样的天气座果就受影响。它最喜欢的是: ①天气温和(平均气温在15—     

8807号台风对杭州市郊果树生产的影响

果树是杭州市郊农业的重要组成部分。杭州市郊现有四个国营果园:大观山果园、花坞果园、杭州市果树研究所果园和浙江农大果园。果树种类以桃、梨、葡萄为主,柿、枣、杨梅、草莓有栽培。大多数果树树体高大,枝叶茂盛,树冠受风面积大,特别是结果期,由于果实重量负担大,一遇到大风暴雨,易造成不同程度损害。     

利用本地优势开拓致富之路─—开展综合经营纪实

利用本地优势开拓致富之路─—开展综合经营纪实李宗良（山西省永和县气象局０４１４００）我们永和县气象局在各级领导的大力关怀与支持下，发扬敢想敢干的创业精神，于１９９３年承包了本县坡头３５亩果园和４０余亩山地，建起了一座拥有８０余亩地的果、梨、桃、杏、葡...     

我国最早的物候观测者

2.吕祖谦(1I 73～11 81)是宋代一位著名的文学家、哲学家,在散文等方面有很高的造诣,和朱熹、张拭齐名,时称“东南三贤”。 4.他除了刻苦钻研文学、哲学外,还坚持进行物象观测,写下了自己细心观察的物候现象o 1.你知道我国现存最早的物候观测记录吗’它叫《庚子·辛丑日记》是南宋吕祖谦写的‘。 ’ 3.从现存资料来看,他从淳熙七年(公元ll 80翊 ”'薯年正月初一到淳熙八年(公元1181年)七月二十八日病故,从未间断。 5.吕祖谦不仅准确地记述了自己园中种植的杏、桃、李、梨、蔷薇、萱草、莲等,而且还坚持步行十余里到皇家花园观测那里种植的…     

新疆杏的生态气候适应性

杏树适应性强,耐旱、耐瘠、抗严寒,即使管理粗放也有收成,是农民喜爱种植的果树之一。杏树在我国已有两千多年的栽培历史,分布范围大体以秦岭、淮河为界,淮河以南栽培较少,长江流域仅有零星种植。黄河流域各省和新疆、辽宁栽培最广。新疆是杏的原产地之一,南疆各族人民历来喜食杏,从青杏到熟杏,以及制成杏干,四季皆食。清乾隆年间《回疆志》中就记述了“回人饱食以当饭,或以未熟之杏煮于面内当醋,亦晒干”。新疆也是我国产杏第一大省(区),不仅有栽培杏,还有大面积的野生杏,它们均属普通杏一种(ArmeniacaVulgarislam)。野生杏主要分布在哈密…     

果树黑星病与降雨相关分析及防治

果树栽培是陕西省的农业支柱产业之一 ,1 998年苹果挂果面积 53.3万 hm2 ,梨树挂果面积 6.8万 hm2 ,产量居全国第二 ,面积占全国第一位。然而 ,近几年来梨、苹果黑星病发生已成为影响果树产业发展的制约因素 ,其发生面积已正如过 6.8hm2 ,1 998年全省范围梨产区梨黑星病大流行 ,平均病叶率达 30 %左右 ,病指数达 2 0 %以上 ,个别地方出现毁园现象 ,造成经济损失达数亿元人民币。 1 997～ 1 998年陕西关中部分县区红富士苹果黑星病发生流行 ,仅兴平市周围县区果树平均病叶率 2 0 %～ 40 %。直接影响到该区苹果产业的发展。1　苹果、梨黑星病…     

气象为灭虫、施肥服务

害虫本身是一种变温动物,它不象人那样能够保持一定的体温。它要生存,要传种接代,就必须有一定的温度和其它气象条件。实践证明,害虫发生发展程度和发生早晚,是与田间小气侯有密切相关,往往为气象条件的变化,而引起害虫发生发展规律的变化。为此,各地公社气象哨,在县气象站的指导下,多年来摸索出了各种病虫害发生发展与气象的关系,找出了各种病虫繁殖、产卵的气象指标,并用这些指标,发布病虫害预报,提出消灭病虫害的时间和方法。各地气象哨多年的经验和做法主要有:一、根据温度变化,预报虫害的活动。山渣红蜘蛛是平果、桃、梨等果树的大敌,并且很顽固。它是以雌成虫在树干皮缝和根茎处越冬,转年当温度适宜时开始出蛰。天     

日光温室桃树早熟丰产栽培技术

桃树是蔷薇科落叶乔木果树 ,是我国最古老的果树种类之一 ,至今已有 40 0 0多年的栽培历史。桃以其果实鲜艳 ,甜酸适口 ,营养丰富而深受人们的青睐。桃子除鲜食外 ,还可加工成蜜饯、桃汁、罐头等副食品。桃树的根、皮、枝、叶、花、果、种、仁均可入药。1　桃树日光温室栽培的优点　　桃树日光温室栽培 ,也称保护地栽培或设施栽培。它是在外界环境不适宜桃树生长的季节 ,利用人为的特制设备 ,创造适宜于桃树生长、发育的环境条件而生长鲜桃的一种特殊栽培方式。鲜桃在淡季上市 ,销售畅快 ,价格昂贵 ,经济效益高于露地栽培 ,在农村经济发展中…     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.