数值预报产品在冬半年暴雪预报中的释用

利用天气学原理分型统计了1981～2000年鹤壁市12h暴雪预报指标，采用N-T方法对T213和HLAFS数值产品预报场进行反演，并应用于2002年冬半年12h暴雪分段预报中，还对两种数值产品的预报效果进行了对比检验。     

周口市暴雪及冬季强降水预报

利用欧洲中心数值预报产品格点报实况场资料，统计分析了周口市1986－1997年11月至次2月强降水天气的基本天气形势及特点，找出预报指标，建立1－6天暴雪及冬季强水预报业务系统，产品上网运行。     

数值预报产品在冬半年暴雪预报中的释用

利用天气学原理分型统计了1981～2000年鹤壁市12 h暴雪预报指标,采用N-T方法对T213和HLAFS数值产品预报场进行反演,并应用于2002年冬半年12 h暴雪分段预报中,还对两种数值产品的预报效果进行了对比检验.     

周口市暴雪及冬季强降水预报

利用欧洲中心数值预报产品格点报实况场资料,统计分析了周口市1986～1997年11月至次年2月强降水天气的基本天气形势及特点,找出预报指标,建立1～6天暴雪及冬季强降水预报业务系统,产品上网运行.     

一次区域性暴雪天气成因分析

分析了2001年1月6日河南省中北部出现的区域性暴雪天气过程中天气系统的演变、物理量场，并对数值预报产品作出天气学解释。     

江苏省暴雪预报系统

暴雪预报系统是在普查１９７０－１９９２年资料，对暴雪的天气形势分型的基础上建立的，通过计算预报场与各型平均场的相似离度判别有无暴雪产生，进而通过寻求与历史样本的最佳相似预报暴雪落区。该系统业务应用效果令人满意。     

2004年12月28日金华暴雪过程诊断分析

利用MICAPS系统的实况资料和T213、日本GPV和日本传真图数值预报资料，对2004年12月28日金华出现的暴雪进行环流形势、物理量场的诊断分析，揭示了造成该次暴雪天气的主要影响系统是700hPa的切变线和500hPa的高空低槽；槽前的西南气流以及700hPa的低空急流为暴雪的形成和维持提供了能量和水汽；北方冷空气南下是暴雪产生的触发机制，同时保障了暴雪形成所需的温度条件。各家数值预报产品无论对降水量级、降水区域还是对降水和温度演变的预报对预报员来说都有较好的参考作用。     

大兴安岭春季大-暴雪天气系统分析

通过对大兴安岭地区近30a来春季出现的大一暴雪天气过程进行综合分析，总结出：大兴安岭地区春季大一暴雪天气的主要环流形势，同时以2004年3月10日大兴安岭的大一暴雪天气过程为例，将数值预报产品和传统的分析天气图为主的预报方法结合起来，提高预报准确率。     

一次区域性暴雪天气成因分析

分析了2001年1月6日河南省中北部出现的区域性暴雪天气过程中天气系统的演变、物理量场,并对数值预报产品作出天气学解释。     

2000—01—11暴雪个例分析

通过对2000年1月10日17时－11日17时河南省中北部出现的大范围暴雪天气过程的天气形势，影响系统，摩擦层内的偏东风急流，地形抬升，冷空气，数值预报产品等因素的综合分析，提出了产生此类暴雪天气的天气学诊断模型和数值预报产品诊断模型。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同,灾害程度,及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年,各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响,受害最重的作物是小麦。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002