黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究

对黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床内花岗闪长岩中石英斑晶、硫化物阶段及石英-碳酸盐阶段的石英、方解石中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温学和显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,流体包裹体有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型;花岗闪长岩石英斑晶中的含子矿物多相包裹体均一温度均值为4320C,盐度在30.92 wt%～63.91 wt%NaCl eqv.之间,平均为52.96 wt%NaCl eqv.,代表了高温、高盐度岩浆流体;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿磁铁矿矿石中流体温度主要介于323～424℃之间,盐度介于8.95 wt%～62.51 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿矿石中流体温度主要介于333～441℃之间,盐度介于8.28 wt%～65.32 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体温度主要介于124～140℃之间,盐度介于1.65 wt%～4.34 wt%NaCl eqv.之间.铁铜矿石均形成于高温、高盐度阶段,以岩浆热液为主,在成矿晚期,由于大气降水的混合,形成了少量低温、低盐度流体,成矿流体以富Na、K、Ca、Cl-和CO~2_3-的高盐度流体为特征,主体属于NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-H_2S-CH_4体系.成矿流体在300～400℃区间内发生了强烈的沸腾作用,导致大量金属硫化物和少量金属氧化物沉淀,沸腾作用对三矿沟铁铜矿床的形成起到至关重要的作用.     

青海铜峪沟铜矿床成矿流体特征及矿床类型探讨

青海省铜峪沟铜矿床位于东昆仑东西向构造岩浆带与鄂拉山北西向构造岩浆带的复合部位。依据矿物共生组合、交代与穿插关系可将铜峪沟铜矿成矿过程分为3个阶段:矽卡岩阶段、石英—多金属硫化物阶段及石英—方解石阶段。对不同阶段包裹体进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体成分分析。研究结果表明,流体包裹体主要为液相包裹体(L型)、气相包裹体(G型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。其中矽卡岩阶段以含子矿物包裹体(均一温度为322℃~600℃,盐度为32.92%~73.97%Na Cleqv)和液相包裹体(均一温度为231℃~600℃,盐度为10.74%~21.68%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—多金属硫化物阶段以液相包裹体(均一温度为176℃~381℃,盐度为2.74%~21.96%Na Cleqv)和气相包裹体(均一温度为127℃~419℃,盐度为4.49%~8.81%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—方解石阶段仅发育液相包裹体(均一温度为143℃~201℃,盐度为5.25%~9.21%Na Cleqv)。计算得到流体压力、密度变化范围分别为0.37~132.2 MPa、0.53~1.17 g/cm3。成矿流体具有从高温高盐度向低温低盐度的演化特征。矽卡岩阶段发生了流体的混合作用,石英—多金属硫化物阶段发生了流体的减压沸腾作用导致了大量金属硫化物沉淀,成矿晚阶段流体可能来源于大气降水。分析认为,铜峪沟铜矿为岩浆热液层矽卡岩矿床。     

湖南黄沙坪多金属矿床流体包裹体研究

黄沙坪多金属矿床位于南岭中段的湘东南地区,成矿斑岩主要为石英斑岩和花岗斑岩,其中钨钼矿体主要形成于岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩中,铅锌矿体形成于矽卡岩外围,以及碳酸盐岩地层内的破碎带中。黄沙坪多金属矿床的成矿过程可以分为与钨钼成矿有关的矽卡岩期和与锌铅（钼）成矿有关的硫化物期。早矽卡岩阶段的石榴石和阳起石中包裹体均一温度为528~>600℃,普遍发育含石盐子晶包裹体（盐度达40%~45.5% NaCleqv）和低盐度（3.06%~4.65% NaCleqv）富气相包裹体,表现出流体不混溶现象。该阶段的流体压力大致为600~800bar,在静岩压力条件下,对应深度2.2~3.0km。晚矽卡岩阶段,白钨矿中流体包裹体以高温高盐度流体为特征,成矿温度为400~460℃,盐度为40%~45% NaCleqv,是沸腾作用下发生沉淀的,估算的流体压力大致为200~400bar,相当于静岩压力条件下0.7~1.5km的深度。而该阶段紫色萤石中流体包裹体发育以石盐子晶消失而达到均一的高盐度流体包裹体,其均一温度介于250~303℃,对应盐度介于34.7%~40.6% NaCleqv之间,估算得其最低捕获压力介于1500~2000bar。金属硫化物期,与Mo矿化有关的含辉钼矿石英脉中石英流体包裹体主要以富气相和富液相包裹体共存为特征,温度范围较一致（300~340℃）,而盐度变化范围很大（5.86%~16.24% NaCleqv）,显示流体的沸腾作用。与Zn-Pb矿化有关的萤石中几乎全部发育Type Ia富液相包裹体,流体沸腾作用不明显,温度集中在240~160℃,盐度范围大（0.88%~16.58% NaCleqv）,表明该阶段成矿流体已演变为中低温、低盐度性质的流体。成矿流体包裹体研究表明,黄沙坪多金属矿床W-Mo-Pb-Zn矿床的形成是早期高温高盐度流体向低温低盐度流体演化的产物,在成矿过程中,流体发生了多次的沸腾作用。     

陕西省华县金堆城斑岩型钼矿床流体包裹体研究

陕西省华县金堆城钼矿床位于东秦岭钼矿带西部,形成于燕山期大陆碰撞体制.矿体产出于金堆城花岗斑岩体内部及其内外接触带.流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石组合、石英-(钾长石)-多金属硫化物-(碳酸盐)组合和石英-碳酸盐组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段.早、中阶段石英中可见纯CO_2包裹体(PC型)、CO_2-H_2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型),但晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体(W型).早阶段C型和W型包裹体均一温度集中于280～370℃,盐度为5.68～11.05 wt%NaCl.eqv;中阶段C型和W型流体包裹体均一温度集中于170～270℃,盐度为5.14～12.63 wt%NaCl.eqv.早、中阶段石英中见S型包裹体,加热过程中子矿物不溶.晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于110～1900C,盐度介于7.17%～11.22 wt%NaCl.eqv之间.估算的早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为143～243MPa和22～115MPa,推测成矿深度约为2.2～8.1km.金堆城钼矿的成矿流体以富CO_2、贫Cl~-为特征.     

东昆仑拉陵灶火地区斑岩型钼矿成矿流体特征

拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床东昆仑成矿带新发现的一个矽卡岩-斑岩型钼多金属矿床,针对该矿床矿化石英脉中的流体包裹体进行温压条件及单个包裹体激光拉曼光谱研究。结果表明,流体包裹体类型主要有气液两相、含CO2三相及富CO2包裹体。测温结果显示石英辉钼矿化阶段包裹体均一温度集中于200℃~350℃,石英硫化物细脉阶段包裹体均一温度集中165℃~210℃。成矿流体的盐度w(NaCl eqv)介于2.73%~16.72%,总体属中低盐度CO2-H2O-NaCl体系。成矿过程中发生过沸腾作用,压力急剧降低,可能产生沸腾作用主要因素。本区斑岩型钼矿形成于洋壳俯冲结束到陆陆碰撞开始的转折期,下地壳的部分熔融是成岩成矿的主要物质源区,因此成矿流体具有富CO2的特征。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成矿流体来源及演化

对斑岩、矽卡岩及角岩矿物中石英的熔融包裹体和流体包裹体进行测温,得到甲玛铜多金属矿床斑岩体形成温度为634～887℃,斑岩体中流体开始出溶的压力为59.1 MPa.从岩浆阶段、岩浆-热液阶段、矽卡岩阶段、矽卡岩退变质阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,温度范围为170～540℃,盐度集中在15%～50%范围内,密度为0.9233～...     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成因研究——来自流体包裹体的证据

甲玛铜多金属矿床位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段,是近年来勘探发现的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。通过冷热台显微观察与测温、扫描电镜、激光拉曼探针测试,对甲玛矿床各成矿阶段典型矿物的流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体富含挥发分,临界相均一的流体来自岩浆超临界流体出溶,主成矿阶段具有沸腾包裹体组合特征,有机质包裹体荧光效应显著。显微测温结果显示,岩浆-热液阶段斑岩中石英斑晶的流体包裹体均一温度范围为250～540℃,含石盐子晶高盐度包裹体盐度范围为35～61(wt%)NaCl.eq,中等盐度的临界均一的气液包裹体盐度范围为3～29(wt%)NaCl.eq,岩浆期后热液阶段斑岩、角岩中石英脉的流体包裹体均一温度范围为210～410℃,盐度范围为33～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,与其不混溶共生的中低盐度气液两相流体包裹体盐度范围为5～25(wt%)NaCl.eq。矽卡岩阶段矿物均一温度范围为130～360℃,盐度范围为3～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,从岩浆热液过渡阶段到石英-硫化物阶段均一温度与盐度呈阶梯式降低趋势。斑岩体石英的流体包裹体中含有较多黄铜矿子矿物,岩浆结晶分异过程中已经具成矿元素的富集。激光拉曼探针测试结果显示,成矿早期至主成矿期矿物流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、CH4和N2,各阶段矿物流体包裹体气相成分具有继承性。成矿流体为高温度高盐度,富含CO2、CH4的流体。成矿流体主要源于岩浆,后期混有大气降水。当岩浆热液上升时因压力的突然释放造成高温含矿热流体发生减压沸腾,CO2和CH4等气体大量逃逸,导致成矿物质快速沉淀。矿床在成因上与岩浆-热液成矿作用密切相关。     

吉林大黑山斑岩型钼矿床流体包裹体研究

吉林大黑山钼矿床位于兴蒙造山带东缘,为一典型的超大型斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产于花岗闪长斑岩岩体内。矿床的成矿阶段包括石英-黄铁矿、石英-磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿、石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐化5个阶段。流体包裹体研究结果表明:流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相和纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子矿物的三相包裹体。流体包裹体的均一温度为160℃~417.6℃,盐度为4.48%~41.05%。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体的温度具有规律的演化,均一温度分别为400℃~417.6℃,340℃~378℃,230℃~340℃,218℃,160℃~185℃。其中含子矿物三相包裹体均一温度为320℃~405℃,盐度为34.43%~41.05%,密度为0.94g/cm3~1.03g/cm3;气液两相包裹体均一温度为160℃~417.6℃,盐度为4.48%~13.55%,密度为0.62g/cm3~0.97g/cm3。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体成分主要为CO2。氢氧同位素研究结果显示,该矿床的成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,后期有大气水的加入。流体沸腾是大黑山钼矿床成矿的重要机制。     

山西灵丘县刁泉银铜矿流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化

刁泉银铜矿位于华北克拉通中北部,燕山造山带与太行山造山带的交切部位,为一矽卡岩型银铜矿,其成矿作用从早到晚划分为矽卡岩期、石英-硫化物期、碳酸盐期3个成矿期,并可进一步划分为5个成矿阶段.本文对石榴子石矽卡岩,含石英脉花岗岩、蚀变斑状花岗岩、黑云母石英二长岩等岩石以及矿石中的石榴子石、石英、方解石开展了详细的流体包裹体特征观察、测温及激光拉曼光谱研究.该矿床流体包裹体类型丰富,主要类型有富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体和含子晶包裹体.石榴子石和石英中的流体由高温高盐度流体和较低温中低盐度流体两种组分构成,方解石中主要为低温低盐度流体.石英流体气液两相包裹体均一温度峰值出现于200~220℃区间.石榴子石中不同类型包裹体有近似的均一温度(380~420℃),表明矽卡岩期流体的沸腾及其在矿液沉淀和矿质卸载上的重要性.该矿床流体包裹体的盐度(%NaCleqv)整体变化范围很大,介于0.2%~64.0%,从早期到晚期均一温度和盐度均呈下降趋势.石榴子石中流体包裹体密度分布于两个区间,而其在石英中的密度分布范围较广,在方解石中的密度分布则最为集中.估算矽卡岩期流体包裹体最低捕获压力为23~66MPa,按照静岩压力计算对应的流体深度为0.9~2.6km;石英-硫化物期5~46MPa,按照静水压力计算的流体深度为0.5~4.6km,Mo矿化主要发生在1~3km,而Cu-Ag矿化主要发生在0.5~1.5km.刁泉银铜矿为一与浅成低温热液有关的矽卡岩型矿床.     

内蒙古长汉卜罗铅锌银矿床流体包裹体研究

长汉卜罗铅锌银矿床位于华北克拉通北缘,为一隐伏矿床。矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状赋存于石英斑岩、石英二长岩、安山岩及不同岩性接触带内。据各类脉体的穿插关系和矿物组合,可将成矿过程划分为早阶段浸染状矿化,中阶段多金属硫化物脉(该阶段又可分为石英-黄铁矿±黄铜矿±毒砂脉(Ⅰ)和石英-铅锌多金属硫化物脉(Ⅱ)),晚阶段石英-碳酸盐脉。早阶段浸染状矿化石英斑晶中主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)和H2O-CO2包裹体(C型),均一温度介于272~349℃,盐度介于1.40%~7.31%Na Cl eqv.,成矿流体发生了明显的沸腾作用。中阶段主要为W型流体包裹体,其中Ⅰ阶段均一温度介于198~348℃,盐度介于1.40%~5.86%Na Cl eqv.,该阶段主要沉淀黄铁矿、黄铜矿及毒砂等金属矿物;Ⅱ阶段均一温度为118~199℃,盐度为1.40%~4.80%Na Cl eqv.,该阶段为铅锌矿的主要成矿阶段;晚阶段均一温度为106~157℃,盐度为0.88%~2.24%Na Cl eqv.。早阶段浸染状矿化深度为1.8~2.5 km,中阶段(Ⅰ)对应的古深度为0.1~1.5 km,中阶段(Ⅱ)成矿深度更浅,近于地表。流体包裹体研究结果表明,成矿流体为低温低盐度流体,铅锌矿化主要形成于岩浆流体与天水的混合作用过程。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)