矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中高光谱遥感技术方法应用的实例

近20年来,高光谱遥感技术（Hyperspectral Remote Sensing）发展迅速,已成为遥感技术的前沿,而矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测是高光谱遥感应用中最成功的领域。高光谱遥感技术具有分辨率高的特点,通过对矿物种类、丰度和成分的识别,特别是对与成矿作用、矿山污染源密切相关的蚀变矿物的识别,可以有效地圈定热液矿化蚀变带,定量或半定量地估计相对蚀变强度和蚀变矿物含量,从而进行岩石矿物的分类和填图,并为矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测提供靶区,指导进一步找矿勘探和环境监测工作的开展。介绍了高光谱遥感技术在矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中的应用原理和成像光谱学的逐步完善,并详细列举了高光谱遥感技术在斑岩铜矿、热液型金矿、地浸砂岩型铀矿、油气、金刚石等矿种的找矿方面,以及在矿山废弃物中生成酸和缓冲酸分布的监测等方面的具体案例,以期为中国矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中高光谱遥感技术的应用提供借鉴。     

矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中高光谱遥感技术方法应用的实例

近20年来,高光谱遥感技术(HyperSpectral Remote sensing)发展迅速,已成为遥感技术的前沿,而矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测是高光谱遥感应用中最成功的领域.高光谱遥感技术具有分辨率高的特点,通过对矿物种类、丰度和成分的识别,特别是对与成矿作用、矿山污染源密切相关的蚀变矿物的识别,可以有效地圈定热液矿化蚀变带,定量或半定量地估计相对蚀变强度和蚀变矿物含量,从而进行岩石矿物的分类和填图,并为矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测提供靶区,指导进一步找矿勘探和环境监测工作的开展.介绍了高光谱遥感技术在矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中的应用原理和成像光谱学的逐步完善,并详细列举了高光谱遥感技术在斑岩铜矿、热液型金矿、地浸砂岩型铀矿、油气、金刚石等矿种的找矿方面,以及在矿山废弃物中生成酸和缓冲酸分布的监测等方面的具体案例,以期为中国矿产资源评价与矿山环境监测中高光谱遥感技术的应用提供借鉴.     

安宁县街磷矿区地质环境遥感评价方法研究

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境调查的技术方法与路线,对云南安宁县街磷矿区因矿山开采产生的矿区生态环境恶化、岩溶石漠化、水资源污染、地表植被破坏等矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行分类.快速、准确、经济地摸清研究区内矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、矿山生态恢复与治理等提供详实资料.     

基于GeoEye-1卫星数据的矿山开发环境问题研究

利用卫星遥感技术对矿产资源开发利用及其引发的矿山地质环境问题进行分析, 可以及时、准确地为科学管理与决策提供依据。以山西娄烦多金属矿区为例, 通过遥感数据的处理与提取, 分析调查区相关环境问题, 提出加强和改进矿山环境现状的对策建议。      

遥感技术在格陵兰岛西南部费斯肯纳色特一带找矿中的应用

伴随着遥感技术的快速发展,高分辨率遥感找矿技术已成为境外重点调查区或探矿权区矿产资源勘查和支撑我国矿产资源"走出去"战略的重要技术手段。本文在总结格陵兰岛西南部费斯肯纳色特一带铜镍矿和红宝石矿成矿地质特征的基础上,利用QUICKBIRD和WORLDVIEW-2高空间分辨率卫星数据,采用人机交互解译技术,获取了研究区与成矿作用密切相关的基性超基性岩体,结合研究区铜镍矿化和红宝石矿化蚀变特征,并根据铁质蚀变矿物的波谱特性,利用比值法提取了研究区铁质矿物异常信息,同时利用"遥感找矿五要素"技术圈定了铁质蚀变色调异常区。最后,基于控矿/导矿构造、赋矿岩层、铁质矿物异常和蚀变色调异常等遥感示矿信息进行综合找矿分析,圈定了15个遥感找矿有利区,经实地检测与验证,发现基于高分辨率遥感技术获取的遥感示矿信息与区内矿化现象十分吻合,表明所圈定的遥感找矿有利区具有重要的找矿应用价值。     

基于IKONOS数据的赣南离子吸附型稀土矿非法开采监测研究

随着稀土价值的不断攀升,稀土资源乱采滥挖现象日益严重,如何快速准确地进行稀土矿山非法开采监测成为相关政府部门管理的重中之重,高空间分辨率遥感技术为解决上述问题提供了思路。本文选取赣南寻乌地区离子吸附型稀土矿区为研究区,运用IKONOS遥感数据结合矿权资料建立了离子吸附型稀土矿山非法开采解译标志,结合地质岩体资料分析了稀土矿山开采重点监测区域。研究表明高空间分辨率遥感数据处理与分析为离子吸附型稀土矿矿山非法开采快速、准确、动态监测提供了良好的技术手段。     

遥感技术在矿产资源潜力评价中的应用研究

遥感技术在地学里应用最广泛的是地质填图和矿产资源调查。随着信息获取和信息处理技术的不断进步和完善,遥感地质找矿在遥感应用领域里取得了长足的发展。本文结合遥感技术,阐述了其基本原理及其在矿产资源开发预测中的应用,并以实例进行研究。     

提高遥感地质应用水平开拓应用新领域

遥感地质是随着高科技的信息技术发展而提供的遥感信息,是应用于地质研究中的边缘科学.随着人类对矿产资源需求量的日益增多,而找矿难度越来越大,地质矿产勘查工作也随之由地表逐渐转入深部及隐伏矿体,这就要求我们必须以先进的科学方法和手段提取更多的地质信息,更深入地研究成矿规律,从而提高找矿的成功率.遥感技术应用于地质找矿,越来越多地受到国内外的重视,并随着传感技术和图象处理技术的提高,不断地开拓遥感地质的新领域. 本文仅就如何提高遥感地质应用水平,从而取得地质找矿效益谈一点体会。     

基于GeoEye-1的矿山开发遥感调查与监测应用研究

以马鞍山矿区为研究区域,采用高分辨率Geoeye-1卫星遥感数据,通过影像的几何纠正、正射校正、融合等预处理,以Mapgis为数据平台,利用采矿权与遥感影像进行叠加,对开采面、矿山占地、尾矿库、矿山建筑、废弃采坑、矿山道路等信息进行解译,结合实地调查,实现矿产资源开发利用状况、矿山环境调查与监测工作。结果表明,Geoeye-1数据能够满足1：1万矿山开发遥感调查与监测,能够准确、客观、实时的监测矿山的越界开采、无证开采、擅自改变开采方式等多种违规类型及矿山开发引发的环境问题,为政府整顿矿山开发秩序、矿山地质环境恢复治理提供重要的技术支撑和决策依据。     

贵州省矿山地质环境遥感调查评价

本文论述了利用遥感技术开展矿山地质环境问题调查的方法与技术路线,对贵州全省因矿山开采而诱发或产生的矿区生态环境恶化、水土流失、岩溶石漠化的加剧、水资源污染、地质灾害等各类矿山地质环境问题的遥感影像特征进行了总结。快速、准确、经济地摸清贵州省矿山地质环境现状及矿业开发对生态环境的影响;为合理开发矿产资源、保护地质环境、矿山环境整治、矿山生态恢复与重建、实施矿山地质环境监督等提供基础资料。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)