方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器静刚度试验研究

作者研制了一种新型方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器。该种隔震器由4个条形夹具夹持16根普通镀锌钢丝绳组合而成,从结构形式上保证了水平刚度对称。经过多次垂直向循环静力加卸载试验,运用Origin 7.0软件对实验数据进行分析处理,绘制出该种隔震器的静力特性曲线,并分别与目前防护工程中采用的条形不锈钢钢丝绳隔震器、鼓形钢丝绳隔震器的静力特性曲线进行了比较。试验结果表明,方形组合式钢丝绳隔震器不但具有初始刚度大、软特性明显、阻尼大、加工简便、性价比高等优点,而且克服了条形不锈钢钢丝绳隔震器价格高、水平刚度不相同和鼓形钢丝绳隔震器加工复杂的不足,在今后的防护工程隔震技术中有良好的应用前景。     

Dependence of the Occurrence of Coronal Mass Ejections on the Initial Length of the Eruptive Prominence

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A model of the eruption of a magnetic flux rope with ends rigidly fixed in the photosphere is analyzed. Long and short flux ropes exhibit different scenarios of...     

Dynamic phenomena in ropeways after a haul rope rupture

The aim of the work presented here is to provide an accurate prediction of the dynamical behaviour of reversible aerial ropeways. A mechanical and numerical model is developed in order to check the safety of any such ropeway after a haul rope rupture. The whole installation (including carriers, counterweights and ropes) is first given an initial position. The model then simulates the disappearance of some cables and counterweights, and evaluates the subsequent displacements of the remaining parts, excluding track ropes. The model uses very simple first-order finite elements, accounting for non-linear effects caused by large displacements. The numerical integration is very efficient, and suits the capabilities of small microcomputers; it does not require matrix inversions, nor stiffness matrix evaluations. A full-scale experiment has recently been carried out on a ropeway in the French Alps. If a simple kind of viscous damping is accounted for, numerical and experimental results compare with a reasonable accuracy. The present model is now in use for design and control of actual ropeway equipment.     

2001年1月26日高纬磁层顶通量管事件的观测研究--空间电流密度计算及分析

讨论了三种根据Cluster Ⅱ四颗卫星的磁场测量数据计算空间电流的方法及其误差,论证了这几种方法的内在一致性,并得到了完全相同的计算结果. 进而依据Cluster Ⅱ 磁场探测资料,计算了2001年1月26日多重磁通量管和FTE事件中高纬磁层顶边界层和磁鞘区的电流密度. 结果表明,磁通量管内电流密度较大,可达到约10-8A/m2;计算精度较高,结果可靠. 本文还应用最小方差分析法（MVA）,发现电流方向与通量管的轴向基本一致;论证了电流MVA分析在研究通量管性质时的作用,同时提出了电流管的概念.     

Multiple Flux Rope Events at the High-Latitude Magnetopause: Cluster/Rapid Observation on 26 January, 2001

Cluster measurements of the cusp and high latitude magnetopause boundary on 26 January, 2001 confirm that the cusp is a dynamic region full of energetic charged particles and turbulence. An energetic ion layer at high-latitudes beyond and adjacent to the duskside magnetopause exists when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) has a southward orientation. Multiple energetic ion flux bursts were observed in the energetic ion layer. Each energetic ion flux burst was closely related to a magnetic flux rope. The axes of the flux ropes lie in the direction pointing duskward/tailward and somewhat upward. An intense axis-aligned current flows inside the ropes, with the current density reaching ∼10⁻⁸ A/m². The main components of the energetic ions are protons, helium and CNO ions, which originate from the magnetosphere, flowing out into the magnetosheath along the axis of the flux ropes. The velocity of the magnetosheath thermal plasma relative to the deHoffman-Teller (DHT) frame is found to be basically along the axis of the flux ropes also, but towards the magnetosphere. These flux ropes seem to be produced somewhere away via magnetic reconnection and move at similar DHT velocities passing over the spacecraft. These observations further confirm that the high-latitude magnetopause boundary region plays an important role in the solar wind-magnetopause coupling.     

2004年3月18日高纬磁层顶多重通量管事件分析

2004-03-18 23:10～23:50 UT期间,“双星（Double Star）”探测一号卫星（TC 1）在向阳面磁层顶高纬晨侧由内向外穿越磁层顶,其时TC_1的GSM坐标为 (75RE, -55RE, -54RE), RE为地球半径.穿越过程中TC_1观测到了8个通量管和1个磁通量传输事件（FTEs）.在此期间Cluster星簇位于向阳面太阳风内,其GSM坐标为(180RE, -31RE, -62RE),其4颗卫星监测到行星际磁场（IMF）的BZ分量持续南向,BＹ有较大的负值.本文的研究表明：TC_1观测到的前7个通量管具有准周期重现性,周期大约是1～4 min,明显小于以前所观测到的FTEs的平均周期(8～11 min);所有的通量管都具有较强的核心场.本文分别使用最小方差分析法（MVA）和Grad_Shafranov反演方法（GSR）对通量管的轴向进行了分析和对比,发现所有的通量管主轴基本沿晨昏向,结果显示GSR方法在轴向分析上比MVA优越.本文使用GSR方法对通量管的磁场结构进行了分析,恢复出了通量管的磁场在卫星穿越面的结构图;此外,本文还对这次多重通量管事件进行了deHoffmann Teller(HT)分析,结果表明,所有通量管大致朝南极方向运动,均来源于向日面低纬区域.这说明它们可能起源于向日面低纬区,由该区的磁场分量重联产生.     

Parameter-dependent vibration-attenuation controller design for electro-hydraulic actuated linear structural systems

The problem of robust active vibration control for a class of electro-hydraulic actuated structural systems with time-delay in the control input channel and parameter uncertainties appearing in all the mass,damping and stiffness matrices is investigated in this paper.First,by introducing a linear varying parameter,the nonlinear system is described as a linear parameter varying(LPV)model.Second,based on this LPV model,an LMI-based condition for the system to be asymptotically stabilized is deduced.By solving these LMIs,a parameter-dependent controller is established for the closedloop system to be stable with a prescribed level of disturbance attenuation.The condition is also extended to the uncertain case.Finally,some numerical simulations demonstrate the satisfying performance of the proposed controller.     

The Atypical Sunquake of May 10, 2012, and Specifics of Nonstationary Processes in the Active Region with a Magnetic Field of Composite Topology

The M flare that arises after magnetic field emersion in a small spot is analyzed. The disturbance, which propagated downwards and generated a source of acoustic waves (sunquake), was simultaneous with an outburst of hard X-radiation. The reasons of such sunquakes are discussed. Rearrangement of the magnetic configuration in the analyzed event is confirmed: field lines and strong currents at low altitudes above the polarity boundary line are transformed into the currents along the system of loops oriented at wide angles to the neutral line. This rearrangement occurred in the proximity of a small region (sigmoid) presumably identified by the location of the primary pulse energy release. In this case, there was no development of a high-energy sigmoid flare with the formation and ejection of large-scale magnetized ropes. Apparently, this was hindered by the nonstationarity of the phenomena at this activity center with a magnetic field of composite topology and multiple flare-generating centers.     

2001年1月26日高纬磁层顶通量管事件的观测研究

2001年1月26日11:10～11:40UT, ClusterⅡ卫星簇位于午后高纬磁鞘边界层和磁鞘区,此 时行星际磁场Bz为南向. 本文对在此期间观测到的多次磁通量管事件作了详细的研究 ,获得一系列的新发现：（1）高纬磁鞘边界层磁通量管的出现具有准周期性,周期约为78s ,比目前已知的磁层顶向阳面FTE的平均周期（8～11min）小得多. （2）这些通量管都具有 强的核心磁场;其主轴多数在磁场最小变化方向,少数在中间变化方向,有些无法用PAA判 定其方向（需要用电流管PAA确定）,这与卫星穿越通量管的相对路径有关. （3）每个事件 都存在很好的HT参考系,在HT参考系中这些通量管是准定常态结构;所有通量管都沿磁层顶 表面运动,速度方向大体相同,都来自晨侧下方. 通量管的径向尺度为1～2RE, 与通 常的FTE通量管相当. （4）起源于磁层的强能离子大体上沿着管轴方向由磁层向磁鞘运动; 起源于太阳风的热等离子体沿管轴向磁层传输. 通量管为太阳风等离子体向磁层输运和磁层 粒子向行星际空间逃逸提供了通道. （5）每个通量管事件都伴随有晨昏电场的反转,该电 场为对流电场.     

Skin-layer of the eruptive magnetic flux rope in large solar flares

The analysis of observations of large solar flares made it possible to propose a hypothesis on existence of a skin-layer in magnetic flux ropes of coronal mass ejections. On the assumption that the Bohm coefficient determines the diffusion of magnetic field, an estimate of the skin-layer thickness of ~10⁶ cm is obtained. According to the hypothesis, the electric field of ~0.01–0.1 V/cm, having the nonzero component along the magnetic field of flux rope, arises for ~5 min in the surface layer of the eruptive flux rope during its ejection into the upper corona. The particle acceleration by the electric field to the energies of ~100 MeV/nucleon in the skin-layer of the flux rope leads to their precipitation along field lines to footpoints of the flux rope. The skin-layer presence induces helical or oval chromospheric emission at the ends of flare ribbons. The emission may be accompanied by hard X-ray radiation and by the production of gamma-ray line at the energy of 2.223 MeV (neutron capture line in the photosphere). The magnetic reconnection in the corona leads to a shift of the skin-layer of flux rope across the magnetic field. The area of precipitation of accelerated particles at the flux-rope footpoints expands in this case from the inside outward. This effect is traced in the chromosphere and in the transient region as the expanding helical emission structures. If the emission extends to the spot, a certain fraction of accelerated particles may be reflected from the magnetic barrier (in the magnetic field of the spot). In the case of exit into the interplanetary space, these particles may be recorded in the Earth’s orbit as solar proton events.     

Effects of prolonged entanglement in discarded fishing gear with substantive biofouling on the health and behavior of an adult shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus

A mature male shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, was captured with a three-strand twisted natural fiber rope wrapped around the body causing deep abrasions, scoliosis of the back, and undernourishment. Fifty-two pelagic peduculate barnacles from four species were found fouling on the rope. Assuming larval settlement occurred following entanglement, barnacle growth-rate data suggest the rope had been around the shark for at least 150 days. However, the onset of severe scoliosis (likely linked to the increased constriction of the rope with growth and the added drag induced by biofouling) indicates that this rope may have been in place much longer. Following removal of the rope, a pop-up satellite archival tag was attached to the shark to assess post-release health. The resulting 54 days of tag deployment data show that despite its injuries, the shark survived, and following an initial stress period, exhibited movement patterns characteristic of healthy makos.     

某海底沉管隧道风塔及下部结构抗震性能分析

为研究某海底隧道风塔及下部结构体系在塑性阶段的损伤破坏形态及特点,探讨在多重荷载作用下弹塑性静动力响应对结构的影响,建立了沉管隧道风塔及下部结构的大型三维有限元模型。采用基于能量原理的混凝土塑性及损伤本构模型,借助大型有限元软件ANSYS及ABAQUS分别对结构进行不同地震条件下的动力时程分析,对比分析振型、层间位移角及较为完整的塑性损伤破坏系数曲线。结果表明:不同设防地震下,结构整体性良好,振型及层间位移角满足规范要求;不同罕遇地震下,该结构的混凝土塑性拉压损伤最大时刻均发生在20 s,主要破坏区域在风塔与人防井及下部立柱的接触位置,且拉伸破坏系数明显高于压缩破坏。本文的研究成果可以为类似近海沉管隧道工程抗震设计提供一定的依据与指导。     

基于动三轴试验的压实黄土动强度特性研究

选取吕梁地区黄土,通过静压压实制备三轴试样,在GDS振动三轴仪上研究含水率、干密度和加载频率对压实黄土动强度的影响规律。结果表明:压实黄土的动强度及动强度参数均随振次的增加而减小,随含水率的增大而减小,随干密度和加载频率的增大而增大,动强度与振次之间的关系可用对数方程进行拟合。研究对黄土地区填方区基础建设具有重要意义。     

黏滞阻尼器对拉索参数振动的控制分析

提出采用黏滞阻尼器对拉索参数振动进行控制,建立了黏滞阻尼器控制拉索参数振动的运动方程。从频域和时域以及起振幅值等角度,研究了最优黏滞阻尼器对不同垂度拉索参数振动的控制效果;此外,还研究了最优黏滞阻尼器安装位置对拉索参数振动控制效果的影响。研究表明,黏滞阻尼器可以有效控制拉索的参数振动,控制效果与拉索的激励幅值、最优阻尼器的安装位置和斜拉索的垂度有关。激励幅值越大,控制效果一般越差;最优阻尼器的安装位置越靠近跨中,则控制效果越好;黏滞阻尼器对大垂度拉索的控制效果不及对小垂度拉索的控制效果。     

Robust active vibration suppression control with constraint on the control signal: application to flexible structures

A unified mathematical framework, sustained by experimental results, is presented for robust controller design taking into account the constraint on the control signal. The design procedure is exemplified for an active vibration suppression control problem with applications to flexible structures. The considered experimental set‐up is a three‐storey flexible structure with an active mass driver placed on the last storey. First, the considered flexible structure is identified and the model's parametric uncertainties are deduced. Next, control constraints are presented for the robust control design problem, taking into account the restriction imposed on the control signal. Finally, the effectiveness of the control system is tested through experiments, when the input disturbance is assumed to be a sinusoidal one as well as a historical earthquake record (1940 El Centro record). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地铁车辆段试车线上盖建筑振动舒适度研究

地铁车辆段试车线区段的列车夜间运行车速较快,且行驶于上部建筑的立柱之间,振动由道床直接传递到建筑中,导致振动舒适度超标。以某地铁车辆段试车线上盖建筑为背景,建立基于舒适度评价的精细化有限元模型,结合实测数据核验模型准确性,分析楼板的振动规律。研究表明:楼板车致振动频率集中于楼板基频附近,最大振动出现在楼层中部;增大楼板厚度和混凝土强度使Z振级减小,设计时可适当加厚楼板;振动预测计算时需考虑隔墙和活荷载的影响,应禁止将隔墙拆除进行改装,拆除隔墙后楼板约束减少,自振频率降低,Z振级增大1~4dB。     

高速铁路运行引发场地振动的空沟隔振分析

为研究高速列车作用下,层状地基中空沟对场地振动的隔振效果,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及有限元法,对建立完善高速车辆-无砟轨道-地基耦合系统动力学模型进行仿真计算,分析设置空沟对场地振动的影响,并探讨了空沟的深度、位置、宽度以及列车速度的影响。结果表明：设置空沟加强了沟前场地的振动,但可使空沟后方地基的竖向和水平振动水平大幅减小,但在特定位置存在振动放大区,引起隔振效果减弱;过浅或过深的空沟均不能达到最优隔振效果;对于在线路旁需要特殊隔振的场地,存在一个适用于其本身的空沟最佳位置;空沟的宽度对隔振效果无明显影响;空沟对更高速度运行列车引起场地竖向和横向振动的隔振效果更明显。     

GZZ-1型自振柱试验机研制与性能试验

作者研制成功GZZ－1型自振柱试验机，该机和动三轴试验机共用一套控制、采集及气压系统，并把纵向共振和自振柱集成为一套系统。实现了计算机自动控制及数据处理程序化。性能试验表明，该试验机动态响应好，运行可靠，操作方便，具有较高的试验精度。     

张北6.2级地震地形变前兆演化特征

分析了张北6.2级地震前后华北地区水准、GPS、重力、定点形变、流动形变、地应变观测资料及前兆的演化过程。结果表明,深大构造对背景场起着控制及传递的作用;震中区位于经历了剧烈地壳运动后近年处于相对平静的地区;背景场与前兆异常动态过程的密切配合,是作出正确震情判定的关键;前兆异常在震后的新发展,在震后趋势预测中有重要作用。