Hydrothermal Dolomite in the Upper Sinian (Upper Proterozoic) Dengying Formation,East Sichuan Basin,China

Hydrothermal Dolomite （HTD） is present in the Upper Sinian （Upper Proterozoic） Dengying Formation, east Sichuan Basin, China. The strata are comprised by primary dolomite. The HTD has various textures, including zebra dolomite, subhorizontal sheet-like cavities filled by saddle dolomite and breccias cemented by saddle dolomites as well occur as a fill of veins and fractures. Also co-occur MVT type lead-zinc ores in the study area. The δ13C and δ18O isotopes of HTD in the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation are lighter than those of the host rocks, while STSr/86Sr is higher. The apparent difference in carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes, especially the large difference in S7Sr/S6Sr isotopes ratio indicate crystallization from hot basinal and/or hydrothermal fluids. Saddle dolomite was precipitated at temperatures of 270-320℃. The diagenetic parasequences of mineral assemblage deposited in the Dengying Formation are： （1） dolomite host rock →sphalerite-galena-barite-fluorite; （2） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →quartz; （3） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite→bitumen; （4） dolomite host rock →saddle dolomite →barite. The mean chemical composition of the host dolomite matrix and HTD didn＇t change much during hydrothermal process. The fluids forming the HTDs in the Dengying Formation were mixtures of freshwater from the unconformity at the top of Sinian, fluids from diagenetic compaction and hydrocarbon generation ＆ expulsion from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones or the Doushantuo Formation silty mudstones, and hydrothermal fluids from the basement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with the HTD were mostly controlled by the basement faults and fractures and karsting processes at the unconformity separating Sinian and Cambrian strata. The hydrocarbon storage spaces of HTD included dissolved cavities and intercrystalline pores. Dissolution cavities are extensive at the top of Dengying Formation, up to about 46m below the unconformity between Sinian an     

Activity of Silica-Rich Hydrothermal Fluid and Its Impact on Deep Dolomite Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin, Southern China

Well-developed dissolution pores occur in the dolomites of the Sinian Dengying Formation, which is an important oil and gas reservoir layer in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas in southern China. The pores are often filled with quartz, and some dolomites have been metasomatically altered to siliceous chert. Few studies have documented the characteristics, source or origin of silica-rich fluids and their effects on the dolomite reservoir. The peak homogenisation temperatures(T_h) of fluid inclusions in pore-filling quartz are between 150℃ and 190℃, with an average of 173.7℃. Gases in the inclusions are mainly composed of CO_2, CH_4 and N_2. Compared with host dolomite, pore-filling quartz and metasomatic chert contain higher amounts of Cr, Co, Mo, W and Fe, with average concentrations of 461.58, 3.99, 5.05, 31.43 and 6666.83 ppm in quartz and 308.98, 0.99, 1.04, 13.81 and 4703.50 ppm in chert, respectively. Strontium levels are lower than that in the host dolomite, with average concentrations in quartz and chert of 4.81 and 11.06 ppm, respectively. Rare earth element compositions in quartz and chert display positive Eu anomalies with a maximum δEu of 5.72. The δD_(SMOW) values of hydrogen isotopes in water from quartz inclusions vary from-85.1‰ to-53.1‰ with an average of-64.3‰, whereas the δ~(18)O_(SMOW) values range from 7.2‰ to 8.5‰ with an average of 8.2‰. The average ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios in quartz and chert are 0.711586 and 0.709917, respectively, which are higher than that in the host dolomite. The fluid inclusions, elemental and isotopic compositions demonstrate that the formation of quartz and chert was related to silica-rich hydrothermal fluid and that the fluid was the deep circulation of meteoric water along basement faults. Interactions with silica-rich hydrothermal fluids resulted in densification of dolomite reservoirs in the Dengying Formation through quartz precipitation and siliceous metasomatism. However, it increased the resistance of the host dolomite to compaction, improving the ability to maintain reservoir spaces during deep burial. Evidence for silica-rich hydrothermal activity is common in the Yangtze Platform and Tarim Basin and its influence on deep dolomite reservoirs should be thoroughly considered.     

塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征及成因

利用钻遇肖尔布拉克组的13口井和2条露头剖面的资料,分析了白云岩储层的宏观和微观特征,认为塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组主要发育9类岩性,孔隙的发育具有明显的岩相选择性,指出粉—细晶白云岩、砂屑白云岩、藻格架白云岩、泡沫绵层石白云岩、叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩和粘结(颗粒)白云岩是储层的主要载体。通过岩石学特征、多参数地球化学特征分析,结合地质背景,研究了肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层的成岩作用序列和孔隙演化史,明确了高能丘滩相的多孔沉积物是储层发育的物质基础,早表生期大气淡水溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键,埋藏(热液)溶蚀作用使储层得到了改善。     

四川盆地东南地区林1井灯影组鞍形白云石成因及其意义

对四川盆地东南地区林1井上震旦统灯影组鞍形白云石的岩相学特征和碳、氧、锶同位素特征及流体包裹体成分与温度进行研究,认为它属热液成因。研究区热液活动在岩相学上表现为充填状鞍形白云石,发育鞍形白云石线状充填晶洞。鞍形白云石共生矿物包括石英、沥青等。鞍形白云石δ18O值和δ13C值异常偏负,87Sr/86Sr值异常偏高,与围岩差异明显。鞍形白云石原生流体包裹体均一温度为270～320℃,明显超过了该井最高埋藏温度;流体包裹体的气相部分以CO2、CH4和N2为主,液相部分以H2O和CO2为主。这些特征表明,形成鞍形白云石的流体来自于基底的热液,灯影组白云岩受热液溶蚀改造而发育热液改造型白云岩储层,并有过油气成藏过程。     

Multiple Dolomitization and Fluid Flow Events in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

The Precambrian Dengying Formation is a set of large-scale, extensively dolomitized, carbonate reservoirs occurring within the Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical studies reveal dolomitization was a direct result of precipitation by chemically distinct fluids occurring at different times and at different intensities. Based on this evidence, dolomitization and multiple fluid flow events are analyzed, and three types of fluid evolution models are proposed. Results of analysis show that Precambrian Dengying Formation carbonates were deposited in a restricted peritidal environment(630–542 Ma). A high temperature and high Mg~(2+) concentration seawater was a direct result of dolomitization for the micrite matrix, and for fibrous aragonite in primary pores. Geochemical evidence shows low δ~(18)O values of micritic dolomite varying from-1.29‰ to-4.52‰ PDB, abundant light rare earth elements(REEs), and low dolomite order degrees. Microbes and meteoric water significantly altered dolomite original chemical signatures, resulting in algal micritic dolomite and the fine-grained, granular, dolosparite dolomite having very negative δ~(18)O values. Finely crystalline cement dolomite(536.3–280 Ma) and coarsely crystalline cement dolomite have a higher crystallization degree and higher order degree. The diagenetic sequence and fluid inclusion evidence imply a linear correlation between their burial depth and homogenization temperatures, which closely resemble the temperature of generated hydrocarbon. Compared with finely crystalline dolomite, precipitation of coarsely crystalline dolomite was more affected by restricted basinal fluids. In addition, there is a trend toward a more negative δ~(18)O value, higher salinity, higher Fe and Mn concentrations, REE-rich. Two periods of hydrothermal fluids are identified, as the exceptionally high temperatures as opposed to the temperatures of burial history, in addition to the presence of high salinity fluid inclusions. The early hydrothermal fluid flow event was characterized by hot magnesium-and silicon-rich fluids, as demonstrated by the recrystallized matrix dolomite that is intimately associated with flint, opal, and microcrystalline quartz in intergranular or intercrystalline pores. This event was likely the result of a seafloor hydrothermal chimney eruption during Episode I of the Tongwan Movement(536.3±5.5 Ma). In contrast, later hydrothermal fluids, which caused precipitation of saddle dolomite, were characterized by high salinity(15–16.05 wt% NaCl equivalent) and homogenization temperatures(250 to 265°C), δ~(18)O values that were more enriched, and REE signatures. Geochemical data and the paragenetic sequence indicate that this hydrothermal fluid was related to extensive Permian large igneous province activity(360–280 Ma). This study demonstrates the presence of complicated dolomitization processes occurring during various paleoclimates, tectonic cycles, and basinal fluids flow; results are a useful reference for these dolomitized Precambrian carbonates reservoirs.     

四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因

基于岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析,结合区域地质背景,系统研究了四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩成因。岩石学特征分析发现,灯影组白云岩可分为泥粉晶云岩、粒屑云岩、微生物云岩、岩溶角砾云岩4类,其结构类型一般为泥晶—粉晶,说明白云岩化时间较早,为准同生期。地球化学分析表明,灯影组白云岩δ^13C平均值与震旦纪原始海水较为接近,δ^18O值呈现中—高负偏的特征,有序度和Fe、Mn含量相对偏低,Na含量相对较高,稀土元素配分模式则与海水配分曲线类似,表明白云岩化主要受到海源流体的影响。盆地周缘的古陆和水下隆起使盆内海水极易封隔浓缩,盆内发育的富Ca^2+菌藻类可间接提高海水的Mg^2+/Ca^2+比值,加之灯影期干旱炎热的古气候让盆内蒸发作用强烈,可伴生石膏等蒸发性矿物,促进白云石化。综合上述特征,四川盆地灯影组白云岩成因为微生物参与的蒸发海水回流渗透白云石化。     

马元铅锌矿含矿构造带特征及矿床成因讨论

陕西马元铅锌矿产于扬子板块北缘碑坝穹隆构造周缘灯影组上段。矿化受角砾状、裂隙状白云岩和放射状横向断裂组成的构造带控制。矿化强度与构造角砾岩发育程度和藻屑白云岩厚度成正相关。晚震旦世灯影期,通过基底断裂及裂隙通道产生的海水循环系统不断地萃取并吸收基底杂岩中的Pb、Zn等有用组份,运移到台坪相被藻类吸附,铅锌矿初步富集。灯影世末期,基底隆起产生灯影组容矿构造系统,同时形成构造热卤水活化、迁移吸附在藻屑白云岩中的铅锌等成份形成含矿热液,并在容矿构造带中充填富集成矿。     

Characteristics and Dolomitization of Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician Dolomite from Outcrop in Keping Uplift, Western Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Tarim Basin, Northwest China, are composed of shallow-marine platform carbonates. The Keping Uplift is located in the northwest region of this basin. On the basis of petrographic and geochemical features, four matrix replacement dolomites and one type of cement dolomite are identified. Matrix replacement dolomites include (1) micritic dolomites (MD1); (2) fine–coarse euhedral floating dolomites (MD2); (3) fine–coarse euhedral dolomites (MD3); and (4) medium–very coarse anhedral mosaic dolomites (MD4). Dolomite cement occurs in minor amounts as coarse saddle dolomite cement (CD1) that mostly fills vugs and fractures in the matrix dolomites. These matrix dolomites have δ18O values of ?9.7‰ to ?3.0‰ VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite); δ13C values of ?0.8‰ to 3.5‰ VPDB; 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.708516 to 0.709643; Sr concentrations of 50 to 257 ppm; Fe contents of 425 to 16878 ppm; and Mn contents of 28 to 144 ppm. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest that the matrix replacement dolomites were likely formed by normal and evaporative seawater in early stages prior to chemical compaction at shallow burial depths. Compared with matrix dolomites, dolomite cement yields lower δ18O values (?12.9‰ to ?9.1‰ VPDB); slightly lower δ13C values (?1.6‰–0.6‰ VPDB); higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.709165–0.709764); and high homogenization temperature (Th) values (98°C–225°C) and salinities (6 wt%–24 wt% NaCl equivalent). Limited data from dolomite cement shows a low Sr concentration (58.6 ppm) and high Fe and Mn contents (1233 and 1250 ppm, respectively). These data imply that the dolomite cement precipitated from higher temperature hydrothermal salinity fluids. These fluids could be related to widespread igneous activities in the Tarim Basin occurring during Permian time when the host dolostones were deeply buried. Faults likely acted as important conduits that channeled dolomitizing fluids from the underlying strata into the basal carbonates, leading to intense dolomitization. Therefore, dolomitization, in the Keping Uplift area is likely related to evaporated seawater via seepage reflux in addition to burial processes and hydrothermal fluids.     

川西南中二叠统中粗晶白云石流体来源分析

四川盆地西南地区中二叠统地层在埋藏过程中发生了较高程度的白云岩化。通过野外剖面观察和详细的薄片岩石学研究,在中二叠统白云岩储层中识别出了四种类型的白云石（包括三种基质交代白云石和一种白云石胶结物）:1）粉晶白云石,宏观上主要呈层状发育,晶粒小于50 μm,平直镜面半自形晶-非平直晶面它形晶;2）细晶白云石,晶粒大小为50~250 μm,平直晶面半自形晶-自形晶;3）中粗晶白云石,宏观上可见溶蚀孔洞和裂缝发育,其中充填白色的白云石胶结物、方解石胶结物等,晶粒大小为250 μm~2 mm,非平直晶面它形晶;4）白云石胶结物,以胶结物的形式在裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中发育,晶粒大小变化较大,具有明显的波状消光。利用不同矿物之间的接触和切割关系,结合阴极发光和扫描电镜等手段,确定了几种白云石和相关成岩矿物的形成时序,确立四川盆地西南地区中二叠统白云岩的成岩演化序列。即从成岩早期到晚期,依次形成（或发生成岩作用）了粉晶白云石、早期溶蚀作用、细晶白云石、中粗晶白云石、水力压裂缝、白云石胶结物、石英、方解石脉、缝合线、晚期溶蚀和沥青充填。通过地球化学和包裹体分析,发现中粗晶白云石和白云石胶结物具有相似的地球化学特征,即明显偏负的氧同位素、大于同期海水的Sr同位素,成岩流体具有较高的温度和盐度,表明其成岩流体具有典型的热液性质。原始灰岩和早期白云岩经热液改造,重结晶为中粗晶白云石,并在裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中沉淀鞍形白云石胶结物。     

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及主控因素

经过数十年的勘探,勘探家们在四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区获得了万亿方级的探明储量。为研究高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系(≈埃迪卡拉系)灯影组白云岩储层特征及成藏主控因素,开展了岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析、物性测试、扫描电镜观察、主微量元素和碳氧同位素分析、包裹体均一温度测试、沉积相带划分、宏观构造对成藏控制作用解析等。结果表明:(1)高石梯—磨溪地区灯影组四段发育优质白云岩储层,包括泥晶藻云岩、砂屑白云岩和晶粒白云岩。(2)灯影组四段优质储集层遭受了桐湾Ⅱ幕的大气淡水岩溶作用和埋藏期热液改造作用,溶蚀孔隙广泛发育,平均孔隙度为4.8%,平均渗透率为0.5×10-3μm2,为"低孔—特低渗"型储层。(3)有利相带、白云石化作用控制了优质储层的发育和分布,多分布于裂陷槽边缘的台缘带内,尤其是藻丘滩相白云岩为研究区的主力产气层;埋藏期的热液白云石化作用改善了其储集物性和孔隙结构,主要证据包括:裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中可见各种热液矿物、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝中充填的鞍状白云石具有典型的雾心亮边结构、氧同位素组成"偏负"、流体包裹体均一温度平均值高达175.7℃、高含Mn和阴极发光下发明亮红光等。该研究成果对拓展古老碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有重要理论意义。     

Mineralization age and sources of ore‐forming material of the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit in the Micangshan Tectonic Belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton,China: Constraints from Rb‐Sr dating and Sr‐Pb isotopes

The Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit, hosted by the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone, is located in the eastern part of the Micangshan tectonic belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, China. This study involves a systematic field investigation, detailed mineralogical study, and Rb‐Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of the deposit. The results of Rb‐Sr isotopic dating of coexisting sphalerite and galena yield an isochron age of 486.7 ± 3.1 Ma, indicating the deposit was formed during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. This mineralization age is interpreted to be related to the timing of destruction of the paleo‐oil reservoir in the Micangshan tectonic belt. All initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of sphalerite and galena (0.70955–0.71212) fall into the range of the Mesoproterozoic Huodiya Group basement rocks (0.70877–0.71997) and Dengying Formation sandstone (0.70927–0.71282), which are significantly higher than those of Cambrian Guojiaba Formation limestone (0.70750–0.70980), Cambrian Guojiaba Formation carbonaceous slate (0.70766–0.71012), and Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone (0.70835–0.70876). Such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the ore strontium was mainly derived from a mixed source, and both of the Huodiya Group basement rocks and Dengying Formation sandstone were involved in ore formation. Both sphalerite and galena are characterized by an upper‐crustal source of lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.849–18.022, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.604–15.809, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.735–38.402), and their Pb isotopes are higher than, but partly overlap with, those of the Huodiya Group basement rocks, but differ from those of the Guojiaba and Dengying Formations. This suggests that the lead also originated from a mixed source, and the Huodiya Group basement rocks played a significant role. The Sr and Pb isotopic results suggest that the Huodiya Group basement rocks were one of the most important sources of metallogenic material. The geological and geochemical characteristics show that the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit is similar to typical Mississippi Valley type, and the fluid mixing may be a reasonable metallogenic mechanism for Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit.     

川东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩成因分析

通过剖面实测、薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析和地球化学分析,对川东北地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩成因进行了研究。研究结果表明:研究区龙王庙组自下而上发育灰岩—过渡岩性—白云岩,以颗粒结构为主,白云石主要为泥—粉晶,呈它形—半自形晶,阴极发光呈昏暗光—暗红光。样品的MgO与CaO呈负相关,白云岩Mg2+/Ca2+较低,高Na含量,低Sr、Fe、Mn含量,白云石有序度较低,各岩性稀土元素配分曲线平行一致分布,δCe无异常,δEu负异常,灰岩δ13C偏正、δ18O处于同期海水内,白云岩δ13C、δ18O偏正,87Sr/86Sr高于同期海水值。结合区域地质背景、岩石学特征和地球化学分析结果,研究区白云石化流体为高盐度蒸发海水,研究区白云岩为渗透回流白云石化作用形成。     

Submarine hydrothermal contribution for the extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian,South China

Throughout the geological history of the Earth, submarine hydrothermal activity has played an important role in seawater chemistry, biological evolution and enrichment of metals in the Earth crust. However, the prospect of hydrothermal activity for extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, a key geological period, in South China has not been well-constrained. This study reports geochemical (e.g. REE and Sr isotope) investigations of a coarse-grained limestone layer and associated calcite veins in Zunyi and Nayong areas, Guizhou Province, to constrain the hydrothermal activity and evaluate the significance of hydrothermal contribution to extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China. Our results reveal positive Eu anomalies and higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7083–0.7150) for carbonate samples than those of early Cambrian seawater, indicating the presence of hydrothermal processes. Combined with constraints from the spatial relationships and coincidence with adjacent mineralization, these hydrothermal processes provide the most probable contribution for polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. Furthermore, there are abundant hydrothermal dolomite and barite-calcite veins in the dolostone of the Dengying Formation, indicating the occurrence of a variety of hydrothermal fluids. Overall, multi-stage hydrothermal pulses with different fluid compositions spanned the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in South China. In particular, these hydrothermal fluids with positive Eu anomalies and enriched radiogenic Sr, originating from Proterozoic mafic/ultramafic rocks, may have flowed through the underlying Precambrian silicate clastic rocks (e.g., Xiajiang, Banxi and Lengjiaxi Groups) and may have been crucial for the marine environment, biological diversity and extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China.     

Paleo-environment and reservoir evolution of the Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation in the northern Tianhuan area,Ordos Basin,China: implications for high-quality reservoir development

The Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tianhuan area, Ordos Basin, China are main exploration targets. Subsurface core samples, logging, drilling and production data from the area were used to characterise the carbonate reservoir and to construct a genetic model for exploration. The sedimentary facies identified include trough–continental rise, upper–lower slope, platform margin reef-shoal, open platform and evaporation-restricted platform. The slope and platform margin facies are potential zones for high-quality reservoirs. Porosity in the study area comprises intergrain, intercrystal, intragrain and intracrystal pores, fractures and vughs. The Sr/Ba (0.40–4.87) and V/(V + Ni) (0.64–0.97) ratios indicate deposition in a brackish water-dominated environment under reducing conditions, associated with sea-level fluctuations during the deposition of the Kelimoli Formation. The Sr/Ba, V/(V + Ni), ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, δ¹⁸O values and crystal texture of dolomite samples suggest that meteoric water was involved in the diagenetic fluid in the near-surface depositional environment. Isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) and trace elements (Fe and Mn) allowed the identification of seepage-reflux and mixed-water dolomitisation. The crystal textures of the samples consist of micritic, bioclastic and reefal limestones, and dolomite with gypsum, which were easily dissolved during the early diagenetic stage. The epidiagenetic stage was the key period for the development of high-quality reservoirs because of large-scale bedding-parallel karstification from meteoric water. The reservoir zones, dominated by partially filled and unfilled vughs, and fractures, are favourable exploration targets in the northern Tianhuan area.     

滇东北矿集区茂租铅锌矿床地球化学特征

茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西南缘,是滇东北矿集区内的一个大型矿床,矿体主要呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组白云岩中;矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,次为方铅矿;脉石矿物主要为白云石、方解石和萤石。本文对该矿床中与铅锌矿密切共生的团块状白云石、方解石和萤石以及围岩灯影组白云岩的REE地球化学特征和C、O、Sr同位素进行了对比研究。结果表明:团块状白云石和方解石的稀土配分模式、C同位素和Sr同位素比值与围岩灯影组白云岩比较接近,表明形成团块状白云石和方解石的成矿流体主要来源于围岩灯影组白云岩的溶解;但这两种矿物的稀土总量ΣREE高于灯影组白云岩,说明成矿流体除了主要由围岩提供REE外,还有部分其他富含REE流体的加入。萤石则具有LREE亏损和分配曲线相对平缓的稀土配分模式特征,表明萤石形成于成矿的晚阶段,有更多的外部流体的加入。团块状白云石、方解石和萤石表现出明显的Eu正异常,且团块状白云石和方解石的O同位素低于灯影组白云岩,反映了存在较高温度的流体活动,这3种脉石矿物是由高温热液流体形成的。灯影组白云岩和3种脉石矿物都具有明显的Ce负异常,说明成矿流体可能主要来源于地层循环水,继承了围岩的Ce负异常特征。方解石和萤石的Sr同位素比值高于围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩,但小于基底岩石昆阳群和会理群,说明成矿流体主要由赋矿围岩等沉积地层中的循环流体与流经了基底岩石的深部流体混合形成。     

川西地区中二叠统栖霞组白云岩成因分析

川西地区栖霞组白云岩成因及其与峨眉山玄武岩喷发热事件关系颇有争论。在野外剖面、岩心观察基础上,通过岩石学、全岩及矿物微区地球化学分析方法对其研究,结果表明川西地区栖霞组白云岩（石）可分为残余砂屑白云岩、晶粒白云岩以及鞍状白云石、脉体充填白云石四类。残余砂屑白云岩与晶粒白云岩均呈块状,阴极发光较暗,稀土配分模式与泥微晶灰岩相似,δ13C、87Sr/86Sr多处于同期海水范围内,δ18O略偏负,Ce负异常,残余砂屑白云岩Eu呈负异常,而晶粒白云岩Eu多为正异常。微区δ13C、δ18O分析显示,残余砂屑白云岩的白云石雾心与亮边内δ13C均处于同期海水范围内,δ18O亮边较雾心偏负;晶粒白云岩中不同大小的晶粒白云石微区δ13C、δ18O显示相近特征,表明这两类白云岩均为海水浅埋藏成因,但受到后期热流体叠加改造。曲面他形粗晶鞍状白云石充填于裂隙与溶蚀孔洞内,镜下具波状消光特征,发亮红色光,δ13C与二叠纪海水相近,δ18O明显负偏,Eu呈正异常,指示鞍状白云石为热液成因。脉体白云石岩石学与地球化学特征表明其为晚期埋藏成因。川西地区栖霞组白云岩主体为浅埋藏成因,峨眉山玄武岩喷发期热液对其叠加改造,仅西南地区充填裂隙与溶洞的鞍形白云石为热液成因。     

川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用机制及其对储层形成的影响

通过岩心观察和薄片鉴定,在岩石学和矿物学特征分析基础上,结合白云石有序度测定,碳、氧同位素、锶同位素和稀土元素组成及配分模式分析,详细研究了川北元坝地区长兴组白云石化作用的特征、机制及模式,结果表明长兴组发育微晶白云石(岩)、粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石和异形白云石等四种类型,它们的有序度由低变高;白云石的碳、氧同位素、锶同位素和稀土元素组成及配分模式特征表明,长兴组微晶白云石(岩)、粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石主要形成于浓缩海水环境、正常海水环境、或者与正常海水相似的地层水环境中,并遭受过热液地质作用的改造,从微晶白云石(岩)→粉-中晶他形白云石→粉-中晶自形白云石是一个沉积埋藏过程中多阶段白云石化作用的产物,异形白云石则由热液作用形成;根据长兴组白云石的矿物学和地球化学特征及白云石化作用与层序和沉积相之间的关系,分别可以用准同生期蒸发泵白云石化作用模式、准同生期渗透回流白云石化作用模式、成岩早期浅埋藏状态下地层水白云石化作用模式和成岩晚期热液白云石化作用模式来解释微晶白云石(岩),粉-中晶他形白云石、粉-中晶自形白云石和异形白云石的形成。白云石化作用是有利于长兴组储层形成的建设性成岩作用。     

塔里木盆地东部寒武系白云岩储层及相控特征

根据钻井岩心、薄片、物性等数据资料,对塔里木盆地东部寒武系白云岩储层特征进行分析,并探讨沉积相对储层形成的控制作用。塔东地区寒武系白云岩可分为交代白云岩及缝洞充填型白云岩两大类型,交代白云岩又可分为泥粉晶白云岩、细—中晶白云岩、粗晶白云岩以及角砾状白云岩等次级类型。白云岩的储集空间主要以晶间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、缝合线孔隙和裂缝为主,裂缝起到了连通孔隙的作用,储集空间组合类型以裂缝—孔洞型为主。研究表明:交代白云岩具有明显的相控特点,东侧的英东—罗西一带的交代白云岩主要发育在内缓坡背景的台地边缘浅滩、开阔台地及潮坪相带,而在西侧的古城4井一带的交代白云岩以角砾状白云岩为主,发育于环边陆棚的礁前斜坡带。白云岩储层发育除受后期成岩作用（白云化作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用）和断裂等因素影响外,主要受早期沉积相带的控制,内缓坡是储层发育的有利部位。     

塔里木盆地古城地区鹰山组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征及成因

白云岩成因一直是地质学研究的热点领域。塔里木盆地塔东低隆起古城低凸起中—下奥陶统鹰山组发育厚层白云岩。为研究这些白云岩的成因,在岩心、薄片观测基础上,按照晶体粒度大小将白云岩分为泥晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩、细晶白云岩、中晶白云岩、粗晶白云岩,并对各类白云岩及缝洞充填物进行了稀土元素地球化学特征的研究。结果表明,各类白云岩及缝洞充填物稀土元素NASC配分模式分为6种类型：δCe弱正异常δEu正异常型、δCe负异常δEu强正异常型、δCe强负异常型、微右倾型、微左倾型和平坦型。分析上述6种白云岩及缝洞充填物的成因为：前2种类型形成于两期热液或不同演化阶段的同一期热液环境;第3种类型形成于蒸发泵模式;第4和第5种形成于两种性质不同的埋藏白云化流体;第6种则由渗透回流作用形成。古城地区鹰山组白云岩的成因非常复杂,成因模式多样,包括蒸发泵模式、渗透回流模式、埋藏白云化模式、热液白云化模式4种。     

湖北秭归地区震旦系灯影组白云岩地球化学特征及其成因意义

白云岩化流体性质与成岩作用是近年来碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究的热点,研究白云岩的成因有利于进一步认识白云岩储层的形成机制并为优质储层的预测提供依据。通过岩石学、矿物学(X射线衍射)、地球化学(微量元素、稀土元素、碳氧同位素)方法,系统研究湖北秭归地区灯影组不同类型白云岩的成因,并分析了可能的白云岩化模式。样品的微量元素特征显示,秭归地区白云岩未受到陆源碎屑物质的影响,形成于气候干旱、海水咸度较大且氧化的沉积环境中;Sr含量特征显示白云岩发生了较为彻底的白云岩化,其成岩环境为温度较高的埋藏环境,成岩过程中未受到淋滤作用的影响;秭归地区白云岩化流体主要来源于海水。结合蒸发白云岩(萨布哈)及埋藏白云岩化模式解释了秭归地区泥微晶白云岩及晶粒白云岩的形成过程。