粤北黄沙桥铀矿床花岗岩锆石U- Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及岩石地球化学和地质意义

黄沙桥铀矿床位于诸广山岩体南部,处于城口矿集区西侧。本文针对黄沙桥铀矿床赋矿花岗岩开展了LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、Hf同位素及地球化学组成测定,结果显示：中粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩和中细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩年龄分别为152. 8±1. 1Ma和154. 0±1. 4Ma。元素分析结果表明：两类黑云母花岗岩均具富硅、富碱、高K2O/Na2O比值和低CaO/Na2O比值等特征,二者皆具有较一致的稀土、微量分配曲线特征;均相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb以及高场强元素Th、U、Hf,明显亏损Ba、Nb、Ti等元素;两者均具明显轻重稀土分馏特征,稀土配分曲线呈“右倾型”以及明显的Eu负异常;两类黑云母花岗岩均具有较低εHf（t）值（-15. 24～-8. 96和-13. 60～-9. 65）,二者古元古代的模式年龄为2171～1778Ma和2063～1821Ma。两类黑云母花岗岩均属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,主要由富黏土的泥质沉积岩部分熔融而来。二者均为燕山期岩浆活动的产物,是在太平洋板块俯冲导致的伸展构造背景下,由古元古代为主的地壳源区低程度部分熔融的方式形成。     

甘肃北山南带沙枣园复式岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

北山南带沙枣园复式岩体由中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩、中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩4个岩相单元组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵位于晚二叠世(252.1±1.9Ma、252.2±2.1Ma和248.8±3.5Ma),为海西晚期的产物;而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩侵位于早三叠世(246.4±2.0Ma),为印支早期的产物。该花岗质岩石均具有稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏大,轻稀土富集且分异明显,而重稀土亏损且分异不显著特征。中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩具有较高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量,以及较低的MgO含量,强烈富集Sr而亏损Yb和Y,具轻微的铕异常(δEu=0.75～1.16),表现出典型的埃达克岩特征;中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩总体富硅(SiO_2)、富钾(K_2O)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O),Al_2O_3含量中等,铕分别呈现负异常(δEu=0.45～0.73)和强负异常(δEu=0.02～0.08)。年代学及地球化学特征研究表明:①中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩属准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有典型的埃达克岩特征,中粒黑云母二长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性A2型花岗岩;②中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩的岩浆来源于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融源区,并在上升过程中混染了下地壳物质,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩的岩浆来源于年轻地壳中富含黑云母的变质泥岩部分熔融源区;③中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩是俯冲-碰撞构造背景条件下的岩浆产物,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩是同碰撞-碰撞后构造背景条件下的岩浆产物。     

湘东丫江桥岩体时代与成因:来自LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学、地球化学和Lu- Hf同位素制约

丫江桥岩体是湘东地区重要的成矿花岗岩,为精确厘定丫江桥岩体侵位时代、查明岩石成因,本文对丫江桥岩体中粗粒和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和原位锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为213.0±1.2Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.67)和212.1±1.2Ma(n=14,MSWD=0.09);岩石SiO_2含量为70.39%～72.88%和73.19%～74.85%;K_2O+Na_2O值为6.94%～7.95%和7.58%～7.96%;K_2O/Na_2O比值为1.25～1.70和1.45～1.58,A/CNK比值为1.05～1.07和1.07～1.09。稀土元素配分模式右倾,轻、重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N值为13.76～24.52和7.12～11.01;负Eu异常,δEu值为0.34～0.61和0.26～0.33。富集Rb、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-7.01～-0.90和-6.38～+6.85,二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2))为13.1～16.9Ga和12.7～16.6Ga。上述结果表明黑云母二长花岗岩为印支晚期岩浆活动产物,属弱过铝质花岗岩,岩浆主要来源于中元古界地壳物质重熔,可能有少量地幔物质参与。结合前人研究成果认为,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于后碰撞伸展的构造背景下,地壳减薄和压力降低以及地幔物质上涌的共同作用,导致地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,岩浆侵位冷却结晶,形成花岗岩体。     

赣南珠兰埠复式岩体成因及其构造意义

会昌地区位于南岭北部,该区出露有富城岩体和珠兰埠岩体,其中后者的研究程度低且时代与成因方面存在较多争议。珠兰埠复式岩体包括主体粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和补体细粒二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示两者分别形成于印支期(228 Ma)和燕山晚期(135~133 Ma),而富城复式岩体的主体和补体花岗岩均形成于印支期。对珠兰埠主体与补体花岗岩开展主量元素与微量元素分析,结果显示两者均富Si、Al、K,低Ca、Mg,属弱过铝-强过铝质,富集Rb、Th、U而亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Eu等元素,∑REE(平均值165×10-6)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量较低(350×10-6),表明两者均为S型花岗岩。全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析结果表明,珠兰埠主体粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i值大于补体细粒二长花岗岩(分别为0.715 6~0.726 0和0.710 5~0.716 4),但εNd(t)值基本一致(-10.0~-7.0),锆石原位Hf同位素分析结果显示两者εHf(t)值分别为-12.9~-7.7和-15.1~-10.5,tCDM分别为2.0~1.7 Ga和2.1~1.8 Ga。元素和同位素分析结果表明珠兰埠复式岩体可能源自古元古代的混合源区(变泥质岩为主,夹少量变质杂砂岩)部分熔融而成,印支期珠兰埠主体粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和富城复式岩体均形成于古亚洲-特提斯构造域挤压构造背景,而燕山晚期珠兰埠补体细粒二长花岗岩则形成于古太平洋构造域的板内拉张环境。     

西昆仑甜水海地块南屏雪山早古生代花岗岩地球化学、Hf同位素特征及其壳幔岩浆作用

南屏雪山早古生代花岗岩体位于西昆仑甜水海地块东段,主要岩性为中粒含斑黑云母二长花岗岩(485Ma)和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩(528Ma)。化学组成上,两者均具有高硅、富碱,贫TFe2O3、MgO和CaO的特征,属高钾钙碱性弱过铝质系列;微量和稀土元素组成上,两者均富Rb、Th、U、K、Pb和轻稀土,贫Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti和P,Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba、Nb/Ta和Y/Yb比值高,具有明显的Eu负异常,其Zr、Nb、Ce、Y等高场强元素均较之典型A型花岗岩偏低,综合地质地球化学特征的判别表明南屏雪山花岗岩应属高分异的I型花岗岩。中粒含斑黑云母二长花岗岩和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩均具有较均一的正εHf(t)值(0.9~5.3和1.4~5.6)和中元古代的二阶段模式年龄TDM2(1118~1398Ma和1136~1396Ma),相似的地球化学特征和锆石Hf同位素组分暗示两者可能是同源岩浆演化的产物。结合区域构造演化历史,推测在早古生代原特提斯洋存在双向俯冲,南屏雪山早古生代花岗岩则是在早寒武世-早奥陶世(528~485 Ma)原特提斯洋持续向南的俯冲消减-碰撞造山过程中,诱导幔源岩浆上涌底侵下地壳,诱发区内中元古代新生地壳物质至少两次部分熔融(早寒武世和早奥陶世),并经历一定程度的分离结晶作用而形成的。     

湘东北井冲钴铜矿区连云山花岗岩的岩石成因——锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素约束

对湘东北井冲钴铜矿区连云山细粒二云母二长花岗岩和中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素分析研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩的成岩年龄为149. 4±1. 1Ma。岩石属强过铝质高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,富集Th、U、Pb等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等元素,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为右倾型,Eu表现为强烈到弱亏损。岩石中燕山期锆石176Hf/177Hf值为0. 282 314～0. 282 461,εHf(t)值为-13. 0～-7. 8,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄在2 018～1 690 Ma之间。综合分析结果显示,岩石来源于下地壳岩石部分熔融。     

湖南五峰仙岩体岩石地球化学、SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

对湖南中生代的五峰仙岩体进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石学、岩石地球化学分析。该岩体主要由印支期的中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、细粒二云母二长花岗岩组成。本次获得黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(233.5±2.5)Ma,表明形成于晚三叠世;结合已发表的岩体年龄资料,五峰仙岩体侵位于236~233.5 Ma和221.6 Ma,具有多阶段岩浆活动特点。五峰仙花岗岩具有高的w(SiO2)、w(P2O5),含过铝质的白云母,表现为弱铝质、强铝质岩石;微量元素方面,大离子元素Rb、Th、U富集,Nb、Ba、Sr、Ti亏损明显,稀土元素配分模式右倾,轻稀土元素富集,Eu亏损相对明显以及高的Rb/Sr比值,为高成熟度陆壳物质重熔的S型花岗岩。黑云母花岗岩中发育暗色微粒包体,具淬冷结构、含长石捕获晶及呈塑形变等特征的包体为岩浆混合成因,该类花岗岩中锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)值较高,为-4.4~0.7,Hf同位素的两阶段模式年龄TDM2值为1 534~1 216Ma,变化范围较大,可能是受幔源岩浆作用所致。五峰仙岩体是在印支板块向华南板块俯冲碰撞期后(变质基底年龄258~243Ma)及华南板块与华北板块的碰撞期间(超高压变质峰期在238~218Ma)华南内陆由挤压向伸展转换的背景下形成的。     

松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K₂O/Na₂O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用.      

江西省峡江铀矿床两期印支期花岗岩的年代学、岩石地球化学和岩石成因——对华南印支期构造背景和产铀花岗岩成因的指示

位于江西省的峡江铀矿床为华南一个典型的花岗岩型铀矿床,铀矿体产在金滩花岗岩体中。野外地质调查和锆石U-Pb同位素定年工作表明金滩花岗岩体主要由两期的印支期花岗岩组成,其中含矿的等粒状二云母花岗岩形成于239±1Ma,而主体的斑状黑云母花岗岩则形成于226±2Ma。二云母花岗岩具有较高的SiO₂含量（74.09%~74.53%）和明显低的TiO₂、CaO和MgO含量,铝饱和指数为1.20~1.46,含有白云母和石榴子石等过铝质矿物,属于典型的强过铝S型花岗岩。斑状黑云母花岗岩的地球化学特征略微不同于二云母花岗岩,相对富集高场强元素和稀土元素,具有明显更低的Rb/Sr比值以及更小的Eu负异常,铝饱和指数变化为1.05~1.13,属于弱过铝到强过铝花岗岩。同位素组成上,两者都具有较低的ε_Nd（t）值（二云母花岗岩：-9.0~-8.8;斑状黑云母二长花岗岩：-9.8~-9.4）和古元古代的模式年龄（二云母花岗岩：1.73~1.75Ga;斑状黑云母二长花岗岩：1.77~1.80Ga）。地球化学和同位素特征表明金滩岩体中的这两期印支期花岗岩应该都为S型花岗岩。较高的Rb/Sr比值和较低的CaO/Na₂O比值表明二云母花岗岩主要由富粘土的泥质沉积岩部分熔融而来,而斑状黑云母二长花岗岩则主要由贫粘土的碎屑沉积岩部分熔融而来。金滩岩体中的两期印支期花岗岩分别对应于华南印支期同碰撞挤压和碰撞后伸展期的岩浆作用。二云母花岗岩含有更高的U含量,矿物学以及地球化学特征与华南其他的典型产铀花岗岩类似。对比研究表明,华南印支期产铀花岗岩的形成应与同碰撞期挤压背景下的泥质沉积岩的部分熔融有关。     

湘南王仙岭花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、锆石Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

湘南王仙岭岩体由主体电气石黑云母花岗岩和侵入其内部的黑云母二长花岗岩组成,LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年显示电气石黑云母花岗岩形成于印支期(235.0±1.3Ma),黑云母二长花岗岩形成于燕山期(155.9±1.0Ma),表明该岩体是两期岩浆活动的产物。这两期岩石均为高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值为1.07～1.66,属过铝-强过铝质花岗岩类。稀土元素显示LREE富集,HREE亏损,Eu负异常明显(0.01～0.38)的特征。早期电气石黑云母花岗岩和晚期黑云母二长花岗岩的εHf(t)值分别为-7.92～+4.61和-10.66～-5.35;两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1758～967Ma和1875～1538Ma。两期花岗岩均来自于古中元古代地壳物质重熔,其中早期电气石黑云母花岗岩在侵位上升过程中捕获了部分幔源老锆石,成岩过程中有少量地幔物质参与,且其源区具有高εHf(t)值的特点。综合前人研究成果,本文认为华南中生代印支期和燕山期均有钨锡矿化作用,印支期花岗质岩浆形成于碰撞挤压作用间隙伸展环境,而燕山期花岗质岩浆可能形成于大陆边缘弧后伸展环境。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.