山东招远灵山沟金矿床金矿化空间定位机制

通过对灵山沟金矿矿床地质特征和控矿构造组合特征研究表明,灵山沟金矿控矿构造组合样式为"结环"状,是主、次级断裂组合控矿,即灵山—北截断裂与其次级断裂构成的结环控制了灵山沟金矿的产出;同时研究了该金矿工业矿体的空间定位机制,建立了灵山沟金矿不同深度上工业矿体分别受灵北断裂(F1)和其次级断裂(F5)断裂交汇部位控制,以及热液上升通道控制的空间定位机制,从而解释了同一矿区存在产状明显不同的两类矿体的原因,为矿区及外围开展矿体定位预测和进一步预测找矿提供有益信息。     

山东黄埠岭金矿构造地球化学找矿预测

1 概况黄埠岭金矿位于招远市西北部、灵北断裂带的西南端,其北东与灵山沟金矿毗邻.玲珑花岗岩是矿区内分布面积最广的岩石,约占90%以上,也是矿体的直接围岩.矿区内主断裂构造为灵北断裂带,走向NE55°,倾向SE,倾角45°左右,发育粘土化蚀变,局部见有红化、黄铁矿化和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变.     

安徽北淮阳地区金成矿地质背景地质条件和成矿作用

安徽北淮阳地区位于大别山碰撞造山带北坡，其南北分别以磨子潭-桐城深断裂和金寨-舒城深断裂为界，向东被郯-庐断裂带截切。区内晚侏罗世火山岩带中发育一系列金矿床（点），可划分为浅成侵入热液型、次火山热液型和火山热液型三类金矿床。火山岩带基底为古元古界大别群杂岩和震旦系佛子岭群变质岩系，其原岩为基性火山-沉积岩建造，夹有大量镁铁质和超镁铁质岩块，含金丰度较高，为良好的原生矿源层。磨子潭-桐城深断裂对本区的地质构造发展、中生代岩浆作用及金成矿作用起着重要的控制作用。研究表明，本区晓天金矿田三种类型金矿床在垂向上可能具有"三层楼"结构分布特征，这对本区找矿方向将具有重要意义。     

山东招远北截金矿床地质特征及深部成矿预测

对北截金矿的矿床与矿体地质构造及成矿模式和构造应力场的综合研究表明，北截金矿主要是受ＮＥ向的灵山沟－北截断裂控制，其储矿构造部位与与断裂带小角度斜交的ＮＮＥ向张剪性断裂，矿体主要分布于其中的２号矿带之中，矿体之间呈右行斜列为ＳＷ深部发展；百区内的ＮＷＷ向断裂为成矿后断裂，对矿体有较小的破坏作用；对矿区内Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ进行的微量元素原生晕及Ａｇ／Ａｕ、Ａｓ／Ｍｏ与Ｓｂ／Ｂｉ比值分     

山东招远七里山金矿床断裂构造特征及其控矿规律

七里山金矿床位于焦家金矿田的东部边缘,赋存于灵山—北截断裂的次级断裂——七里山断裂的末端部位,属于典型的蚀变岩型金矿床。文章通过对七里山金矿床控矿断裂构造的系统研究,认为其主控矿断裂是由多条延伸长度有限、呈雁列状产出的断裂组构成的断裂带,即雁列式断裂,并在雁列单体叠合部位发育一系列与主断裂斜交收敛的压性断层桥,这两者共同构成了矿区主断裂控矿构造的基本格架;雁列式断裂及压性断层桥共同控制了矿化局部富集,矿体呈似等距分布、侧伏,以及矿体规模大小相间变化等空间展布规律。认为矿区59勘探线以西、Ⅰ号矿脉上部侧伏线以下部位有可能找到一定规模的金矿体。     

招掖地区金矿床的原生地球化学异常特征及找矿方法

招掖金矿带位于沂沭断裂带东侧,胶北隆起西北端栖霞复背斜北翼,受东西向阜山背斜控制.金矿床受新华夏系北东向压扭性断裂与东西向构造复合部位控制,金矿带内地层主要为上太古界-下元古界胶东群,其下部蓬夼组是金矿带的主要层位,分布于混合花岗岩体的周边地段.中部民山组零星分布于矿带北部边缘;上部富阳组分布于招掖以东.胶东群地层走向为东西-北西西     

广西防城-灵山断裂带北东支灵山段活动性初探

防城-灵山断裂北东支灵山段为北部湾经济区内地震活动最为频繁的地区。为了查明防城-灵山断裂带北东支灵山段的断裂活动变形特征,尤其是在活动性特征的关键部位控制断裂构造的产状特征,断裂产状深部变化、断裂带规模及展布方向,本文通过遥感解译、地质地貌调查以及浅层地震和地质雷达勘探等物探方法对广西防城-灵山断裂带北东支灵山段的平面展布特征以及活动性进行了初步探讨。结果表明该断裂带呈北东向展布并被多条北西向断裂错断,东西边界分别为灵山断裂和石塘断裂。灵山断裂错断了晚更新世洪积扇阶地,河流流经灵山断裂后发生右旋偏转;石塘断裂表现为宽约250 m的破碎带,次级断裂密集发育。物探结果显示防城-灵山断裂北东支灵山段的东西两支在晚更新世以来均具有较强的活动性。     

新疆望峰金矿床流体包裹体地球化学

1 矿床地质望峰金矿床位于乌鲁木齐市西南110 km的乌鲁木齐-库尔勒公路边,大地构造上属于西天山东段的"中天山地轴"的北缘.中天山地轴以发育前寒武纪变质基底为特征,其变质变形程度明显强于南、北两侧的古生代增生带,与两侧增生带的边界断裂分别是乌瓦门断裂带和冰达坂断裂带(也称中天山北缘断裂或天山主干断裂).     

河北省小张家口地区金矿成因及找矿方向

文章介绍了小张家口地区金矿地质特征,沿崇礼-赤城深断裂分布有冀北最大的金矿床.沿近东西向断裂带内的南、北、西侧的变质岩、超基性岩和碱性杂岩接触带,控制着金矿化.     

建立在雷达卫星影像判读基础上四川龙门山断裂晚第四纪活动特征研究

介绍了应用雷达卫星影像对四川龙门山活动断裂开展断错地貌判读结果,展示了龙门山构造带4条分支断裂9个点位的雷达卫星影像图像、11个点位的野外调查结果及6个点位与断层活动性有关的地层测年。在11个野外调查点位中,位于青城山北面4条断裂8个点位均出现2008年5.12汶川MS8.0地震的地表破裂,其中包括沿青川断裂青溪段及金山寺断层沟谷出现的两条地表破裂,沿后山断裂带茂县北断层和汶川南七盘沟断层出现的地表破裂;   沿中央断裂带北川和小鱼洞南2个点位出现的地表破裂;   以及沿前山断裂汉旺台地前缘和青城山山前地表破裂点位。在这些地表破裂中,中央断裂带地表垂直位移为 2～6m,青川断裂、后山断裂和前山断裂多数段地表断错垂直位移量为 10～40cm。后者位移量虽小,也不应被忽视。本项研究结果表明,雷达卫星影像显示青川断裂与后山断裂带和中央断裂带右旋走滑明显。雷达卫星影像实地调查表明,前山断裂带南段的水口场－横山庙断裂带醒目的断错地貌引人注目。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.