The zircon-age distribution in metamorphic rocks of the Taratash block,Southern Urals (an initial provenance signal)

A concept for the interpretation of the initial provenance signal in rocks of the Taratash block (in the Southern Urals) using the zircon isotope dating of the Archean and Early Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks was substantiated and carried out. Based on 132 zircon-age datings with a discordance of as much as 10%, a probability-density diagram was compiled first to compare these age data with those of detrital zircons from Lower Riphean sandstones of the Ai Formation and, secondly, with the probability density of zircon ages in metamorphic rocks of the Aleksandrovsk block, which is located to the east. The similarity of the distributions was verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.     

Monazite stability,composition and geochronology as tracers of Paleoproterozoic events at the eastern margin of the East European Craton (Taratash complex,Middle Urals)

The Precambrian Taratash complex (Middle Urals) is one of the rare windows into the Palaeoproterozoic and earlier history of the eastern margin of the East European Craton. Monazite from intensively deformed rocks within a major amphibolite-facies shear zone in the Taratash complex has been investigated by means of electron-probe microanalysis and laser-ablation SF-ICP-MS.Metamorphic and magmatic cores of monazite from metasedimentary and metagranitoid rocks yield U–Pb ages of 2244 ± 19 and 2230 ± 22 Ma (± 2 σ) and record a previously unknown pre-deformational HT-metamorphic event in the Taratash complex. Subsequent dissolution–reprecipitation of monazite, during shear zone formation under amphibolite-facies conditions, caused patchy zonation and chemical alteration of the recrystallised monazite domains, leading to higher cheralite and huttonite components. This process, which was mediated by a probable (alkali + OH)-bearing metamorphic fluid also caused a total resetting of the U–Pb-system. The patchy domains yield concordant U–Pb-ages between 2052 ± 16 and 2066 ± 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the shear zone. In line with previously published ages of high grade metamorphism and migmatisation, the data may point to a Palaeoproterozoic orogenic event at the eastern margin of the East European Craton.Post-deformational fluid-induced greenschist-facies retrogression caused partial to complete breakdown of monazite to fluorapatite, REE + Y-rich epidote, allanite and Th-orthosilicate.The retrograde assemblages either form coronas around monazite, or occur as dispersed reaction zones, indicating that the REE, Y, and Th were mobile at least on the thin section scale. The greenschist-facies metamorphic fluid was aqueous and rich in Ca. Monazite affected by advanced breakdown responded to the retrogression by incorporating the cheralite or huttonite components during a fluid-induced dissolution–reprecipitation process. This event did not reset the U–Pb-system but caused partial Pb loss reflected by discordant U–Pb-dates.     

Proterozoic magmatic and tectonometamorphic evolution of the Taratash complex, Central Urals, Russia

The Taratash Complex (TC) in the northernmost Bashkirian Anticlinorium (Middle Urals) is unique among the pre-Uralian polymetamorphic complexes along the eastern margin of the East European Craton because it experienced granulite facies peak metamorphic conditions (850–900°C/10 kbar). Herein, we constrain the post-granulite facies polystage evolution of the complex, which records various increments of the geodynamic history of the East European continental margin. Formation of granite and migmatite associated with amphibolite facies events are dated at 2,344±29 and 2,044±8 Ma (U–Pb, zircon) in different structural units. At 1,810±41 Ma, the TC was affected by a greenschist facies retrogressive metamorphism which was probably related to a stage of granite formation in the eastern part of the East European Craton. This is confirmed by a U–Pb–zircon age of 1,848±8 Ma obtained from a sheared granite in the adjacent Alexandrovskiy Complex (AC). Greenschist facies shear zones which separate different structural units of the TC formed before 1,350 Ma. Partial re-equilibration of Rb–Sr- and K–Ar-isotope systems between 1,350 Ma and 1,200 Ma is attributed to fluid flow probably induced by anorogenic magmatism in the Bashkirian Anticlinorium. Meso- to Neoproterozoic basaltic dykes indicate that the TC had been exhumed to upper crustal levels at that time. Evidence for a Grenvillian event or for the Timanian orogeny which affected other pre-Uralian complexes in the Urals is lacking. Uralian orogenic shortening and thrusting on Devonian limestones is recorded by shear zones in the AC to the east of the TC and has been dated at 300 Ma (Rb–Sr, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar).     

New Data on the Sm–Nd Age of Picrites in the Lysogorsk Complex,Southern Urals

Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper reports new data on the age of picrites in the Lysogorsk complex, which are common in the Taratash metamorphic complex (Bashkir Meganticlinorium, the western...     

Peculiarities of the structure and evolution of the Riphean Ai volcanic complex,South Urals

The Ai volcanic complex is a part of the Ai Formation, which begins the stratotypical Riphean section in the South Urals and lies on the Archean Taratash metamorphic complex. New geochemical and isotope data were obtained for the volcanic rocks. The dominant porphyritic plagioclase and pyroxene trachibasalts associated with dacites are characterized by higher contents of alkalis and titanium, which is typical of rift volcanism. However, other geochemical data, e.g., decreased Ni contents, are beyond of this scheme. The U-Pb (SHRIMP) age of zircons from dacites is 1415 ± 11 Ma.     

Paleomagnetism of Ordovician–Silurian Volcanics on the Western Slope of the Southern Urals

Doklady Earth Sciences - This work presents new paleomagnetic data on previously dated Ordovician–Silurian volcanics from four sections in the western framework of the Taratash massif...     

三江构造带新生代变形构造的时-空变化:研究综述及新数据

在印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞造山过程中,位于青藏高原东南部、喜玛拉雅东构造结东侧的西南三江地区在新生代经历了强烈变形,形成了复杂的构造样式。构造样式的时空变化可以有效限定印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞过程,而近年发表的大量数据为揭示三江构造带新生代构造样式时空变化提供了可能。通过综合前人研究数据,结合本文的新观察,提出三江构造带不同构造部位的变形特点显示规律性变化:处于碰撞前缘位置的腾冲、保山地块在印度地块向北迁移过程中最早(50~45Ma)与印度大陆发生碰撞,在挤压作用下形成褶皱+逆断层组合,以及块体边界压扭性剪切变形;随着印度地块持续向北运动,该变形样式逐渐向东、北部扩展,并使兰坪-思茅地块、扬子地块西缘剑川盆地沉积环境发生改变,地块两侧发生剪切变形;其中兰坪-思茅地块东侧(30Ma)剪切带的启动时间晚于西侧(34Ma)。地块两侧剪切带均大致经历了纯剪(挤压)-简单剪切(走滑)-纯剪(伸展)变形历史;剪切带各阶段变形的启动时间均具有南早北晚之特点。发生塑性变形的下地壳物质的剥露过程同样表现出时空不均匀性,结合古地磁研究成果,这种现象可能与地块内部的不均匀旋转有关。各剪切带最北端不但变形启动时间最晚,而且基本没有记录走滑变形。这种变形样式的时空变化表明,印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞变形效应在三江构造带内主要表现为陆块内部的弥散状挤压变形与块体刚性旋转形成的剪切带,块体向南逃逸规模较小。     

Role of strike-slip faults in the Betic-Rifian orogeny

A new model for the Betic-Rifian orogeny of the Western Mediterranean (Spain and North Africa) is proposed in which four strike-slip faults play an important role; the faults are not of the same age. Two faults, the left-lateral Jebha fault to the south (in Morocco and principally in the Mediterranean Sea) and the right-lateral North Betic fault (southern Spain) to the north, define the boundaries of the Alboran block (Betic and Rifian internal zones). Final movement along these faults was during the Burdigalian time. Two other faults, the left-lateral Nekor fault (North Africa) to the south of the Jebha fault and the right-lateral Crevillente fault, somewhat to the north of the North Betic fault, define a larger Alboran block (including part of the Betic and Rifian external zones) that was present during the Tortonian.The following sequence of events is proposed:

1. (a) During the Eocene and Oligocene, the African and European plates converged in a N-S sense causing the breakup and overthrusting of the Betic, Rifian and Kabyle internal zones and then the movement towards the WSW of the Alboran block by slip along the Jebha and North Betic faults.

2. (b) By the end of Burdigalian time, movement along the Jebha and North Betic faults ceased.

3. (c) With continued N-S convergence, the Nekor and Crevillente faults, which bound a larger Alboran block, were formed during the mid- and late Miocene. The Arc of Gibraltar (the zone lying between the four major faults) seems to be a result of WSW motion of a crustal block being thrust over external zones.

The model proposed adds to the earlier idea that tectogenesis proceeds from the interior to the exterior of an erogenic belt. In the Betic-Rifian orogeny major strike-slip fracture zones shifted to the exterior of the orogenic belt as the orogeny progressed in order to relieve the stress caused by locking of the more internal faults.     

Sources of the allothigenic quartz in the Riphean basal complexes, southern urals

Using an instrumental technique, we carried out a direct comparison of quartz from the Riphean sandstones, sandy fractions from fragments in the Riphean conglomerates and Archean crystalline rocks, which represent the basement inlier of the Russian Platform within the Western Urals (Taratash anticlinorium). It is shown that clastic quartz in the Riphean basal complexes was mainly related to denudation of the Lower Proterozoic platformal cover, whose rocks occur as fragments in the Riphean conglomerates. The probable contribution of eroded crystalline rocks into the Riphean sediments was presumably very insignificant.     

The structural evolution of dunite and chromite ore from the Kharcheruz Massif,the Polar Urals

The Kharcheruz block of the Syumkeu ultramafic massif is a southern fragment of the Khadata ophiolitic belt, which closes the ophiolites of the Polar Urals in the north. The block, striking in the latitudinal direction, is sheetlike in shape and primarily composed of dunite with nearly latitudinal zones of chromite mineralization. The dunites are subject to ductile deformation various in intensity, and this variability is displayed in their heterogeneous structure and texture. The following microstructural types are distinguished by the variety and intensity of their deformation: protogranular → mesogranular → porphyroclastic → porphyrolath → mosaic. The petrostructural patterns of olivines pertaining to the above types reflect conditions of ductile deformation. Protogranular dunite is formed as a product of pyroxene decomposition in mantle harzburgite accompanied by annealing recrystallization at a temperature above 1000°C. Mesogranular dunite is formed as a product of high-temperature plastic flow by means of translation sliding in olivine and diffuse creep at a temperature dropping from 1000 to 650°C and at a low rate (<10^–6 s^–1). Cr-spinel segregates into linear zones of disseminated chromite mineralization within zones of bedding-plane plastic flow. Porphyroclastic and mosaic dunites are formed under conditions of intense deformation at a temperature of 500–750°C and at a significant rate (>10^–6 s^–1). Dunite is deformed by means of syntectonic recrystallization and subordinate translation gliding. Linear zones of disseminated mineralization undergo destruction thereby, with the formation of lenticular chromitite bodies from which ductile olivine is squeezed out with the formation of densely impregnated and massive ores.     

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

PRESENT LANDFORMS, ACTIVE TECTONIC ZONES, DEEP STRUCTURES AND UPLIFT MECHANISMS OF THE LONGSHOUSHAN BLOCK ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU     

江苏南部地区煤层气资源

根据江苏南部地区二叠系龙潭组煤系的分布和规模、煤矿瓦斯涌出特征、煤的产气能力、煤层的储集条件等煤层气地质条件综合研究工作，认为该区煤层气资源存在一定的勘探开发前景，对各典型含煤区块煤层气综合评价出有远景区（A类）、较有远景区（B类）和远景差区（C类）。     

中天山地块南北两缘的韧性剪切带

本文详细描述了天山中段沿乌鲁木齐—库尔勒公路后峡—乌瓦门段的构造变形特点。综合室内外观察研究结果，在中天山地块南、北缘，及内部的乌拉斯台地区鉴别出三条规模较大的韧性剪切带：中天山北缘剪切带前人已有研究，出露宽达10km的右行斜冲剪切带，见大量糜棱岩、超糜棱岩；乌拉斯台剪切带中的糜棱岩宽超过200m，具有左行走滑运动特点；中天山地块南缘剪切带宽度达5km，内部发育大量闪长质糜棱岩、超糜棱岩，运动方式为左行斜冲。中天山块体南北两侧的脆性边界断层与糜棱岩带变形中心基本重合。这些剪切带具有相当大的走滑位移量，指示天山各地质单元间目前的空间关系可能是走滑拼接的结果。研究天山造山带内剪切带的展布、运动方式、总变形量，对于恢复各地质单元的初始位置、了解造山动力学过程具有重要意义。     

Certain problems of the structure and evolution of transition zones between continents and oceans

A type of continental-oceanic transition zone, referred to as the Columbian transition zone, is distinguished from two other commonly known types of these zones. The subsidence of the Earth's crust, typical of all transition zones, is shown to be connected (by geophysical properties) to the transformation of continental crust into intermediate crust and later into oceanic. The most likely mechanisms of such changes are the basification of continental crust, its foundering, block by block, into the heated upper mantle, and its substitution by new oceanic crust. The evolution of transition zones of the Pacific type is largely influenced by deep faults, which reach down to the level of undepleted mantle. From this level, the volatile products rise to the surface which results in the formation of calc-alkali magmas on island arcs. The Benioff zones are deep faults, whose inclinations are dependent on the density contrasts in the upper mantle on either side of the Benioff zones. The denser mantle flows beneath the mantle of lower density. This phenomenon is depicted by plate tectonics as subduction.On the whole, the evolution of transition zones gives rise to the growth of the oceans at the expense of the continents, though oceanic crust becomes thicker by addition of volcanogenic layers composed of andesite, in the transition zones (type two) of the Pacific type at island arcs.     

The Geochemical Characteristics of the Early Riphean Navysh Volcanic Complex (Southern Urals)

The Navysh volcanic complex, which is an integral part of the Ai Formation (Lower Riphean), overlies Archean–Early Proterozoic formations of the Taratash metamorphic complex. It is represented mainly by trachybasalts, as well as by dacites and metasomatic bostonites. The Navysh complex is subdivided for the first time here into several volcanic series, which differ in their contents of TiO₂ and several incompatible elements. The metasomatic nature of the bostonites has been proven. Reasons are given for excluding dacites from the composition of the Navysh complex.     

试论金坛地区下蜀组与Ge湖组关系

根据金坛地区第四纪地层剖面，对下蜀组和Ge湖组（上段）地层层序、沉积特征、成因及分布进行了初步探讨。认为下蜀组与Ge湖组（上段）是不同期、不同相的产物，在平原区与丘陵山区的交接地带，Ge湖组（上段）超覆于下蜀组之上。     

Hercynian tectono-thermal evolution associated with crustal extension and exhumation of the Lora del Río metamorphic core complex (Ossa-Morena zone, Iberian Massif, SW Spain)

The Lora del Río metamorphic core complex corresponds to the lowermost, high-grade block below a Hercynian extensional shear zone. A peculiarity of this sector is that exhumation of the metamorphic core was the result of the activity of two low-angle, approximately perpendicular shear zones: the main and the secondary shear zones, both of which are separating three structural levels with distinct tectonometamorphic imprints. The Lora del Río metamorphic core underwent rapid exhumation due to the combined action of both extensional shear zones. The Huéznar unit, which represents the median block, shows a complex evolution whereby the highest metamorphism occurs in relation to the secondary extensional structure, although most structures appear to be controlled by the main extensional shear zone. Metamorphism and deformation within the upper block (Los Miradores unit) are controlled by the underlying units. Recognition in the Ossa-Morena zone of extensional deformation processes (dated at 340 Ma), spatially and temporally related with the convergent deformations, can help in the establishment of comparisons and correlations with other sectors of the European Hercynian foldbelt.     

东亚原特提斯洋(Ⅲ):北秦岭韧性剪切带构造特征

北秦岭造山带位于华北陆块与南秦岭微陆块的衔接部位,是研究原特提斯洋构造演化的关键区域之一。北秦岭造山带内主要发育四条韧性剪切带,包括位于边界处的洛南-栾川剪切带和商丹剪切带,及其内部的官坡-乔端剪切带和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带。通过详细的野外构造解析、显微构造分析和石英EBSD组构分析,获得了四条主要剪切带的活动特征,认为(1)在早古生代华北陆块与北秦岭微陆块拼合后的折返过程中,洛南-栾川、官坡-乔端和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带开始了初始的剪切活动;(2)~380Ma之后,华北、华南陆块在向北漂移过程中逐渐由近东西向展布转换为近南北向展布,导致洛南-栾川和商丹剪切带表现为明显的右行剪切;(3)~320Ma时,华北陆块和南秦岭微陆块之间的剪刀式拼合导致洛南-栾川剪切带表现为右行剪切,商丹剪切带表现为左行剪切,而官坡-乔端和朱阳关-夏馆剪切带在陆块内部不同构造单元的协调作用下分别表现为左行剪切和右行剪切。     

Polychronity and polygeneity of pegmamtites of gneissic-amphibolitic complexes as a result of continuous-discontinuous development of suture zones: Example of the Ufalei metamorphic block in the Middle Urals

In suture zones of the Urals, geological and physical-chemical conditions for formation of large ore and nonmetalliferous deposits existed during each geodynamical environment of development of the Urals. The development was predetermined by the duration and discontinuous-continuous existence of these structures, and the latter promoted the development of polygenetic and polychronic pegmatites of various types (by depth and productivity) and other postmagmatites. It has been shown in the example of the Ufalei metamorphic block that pegmatites of different ages (from R₂ to P) are often spatially combined. In this paper, two age diagrams are presented: the first one is for geological events that took place in the Ufalei metamorphic block; the second one is for Vendian pegmatites in it. The value of this paper is determined by the fact that the data obtained in Ufalei block could be used for study of postmagmatites within its analogs, which are gneissic-amphibolitic complexes of the Northern Urals, and especially by the fact that the project “Polar Urals, Industrial Urals” is implemented there.     

Composition, P-T parameters, and metasomatic transformations of mafic schists of the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula, Eastern Baikal Area

The paper reports data on rock and mineral compositions from the Svyatonosskaya Formation, which is a continuation of the Ol’khon Series in the northern part of the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula, eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The pyroxene-amphibole-plagioclase schists (metagabbro) are replaced there by the garnet-biotite-quartz assemblage, which was formed, according to the data of various geothermometers and calculations by the THERMOCALC computer program, under conditions corresponding to the transition from the granulite (848–811°C) to high grades of the amphibolite (715–670°C) facies under high pressures (8.7 ±1.6 kbar). In petrogenetic grids, these conditions fall onto the line of the onset of eclogitization. In nature these rocks are a continuation of the Chernorudskaya-Barakchinskaya zone of elevated pressures in the Ol’khon area. The metasomatic rocks were formed simultaneously with strike-slip faulting, when coupled zones of relatively high-(eclogite-like) and low-pressure (quartzite-marble melange) developed at the inflow of SiO₂ and K₂O and the removal of MgO and CaO. Analogous compositional changes in gneisses and schists in tectonic extension zones in Ol’khon Island and neighboring areas occurred during the development of migmatites. The migmatization of the gneisses was likely coupled with the garnetization of mafic schists in high-pressure zones and the formation of eclogite-like rocks replacing marbles. The accompanying graphitization of this block suggests that the metasomatic fluid had a hydrocarbon-hydrogen composition.