2003年冬季空气质量趋势预测方法

使用短期气候趋势预报原理与短期空气质量预报相结合的方法，根据1～7月的气候特征（背景）、天气形势以及各种相关气象要素统计分析，对冬季采暖期空气质量进行综合预报。利用上述方法对2003年度（2003．11～2004．3）冬季采暖期空气质量进行了试预测。即：在2003年冬季气候预测的基础上，通过统计分析2003冬季相似年份的天气形势、污染气象条件，确定污染潜势和气象参数。并运用现业务使用的污染物浓度预报方程，计算冬季各月的逐日空气污染物（SO2、NO2、PM10）的浓度。最后综合2003年冬季气候特征预测和日空气质量计算结果，做出冬季空气污染趋势预报。     

江西省冬季异常气候特征分析

引入异常度的概念,对江西省48a冬季气候进行分析,建立了冬季异常气候(干湿冷暖)划分的客观标准,并根据天气气候学原理对形成干湿冷暖异常冬季气候的成因进行了对比分析,得出了一些有意义的结果。这些结果在冬季气候预测中有参考价值。     

贵州冬季凝冻预测信号和预测模型研究

在对贵州冬季凝冻指数与前期天气信息资料进行了相关分析研究的基础上，寻找并确定了凝冻灾害的6个短期气候预测信号，建立了冬季凝冻短期气候预测模型。预测模型在1997－2000年的独立试报检验中，表明有一定的预报能力。     

1999——2000年辽宁冬季异常低温成因分析

利用1951～2000年资料，从气候背景入手研究了辽宁冬季气温与海温场、副高、亚洲纬向环流和东亚冬季风的关系。我出1999--2000年冬季异常低温原因。通过对影响因子的成因分析，得出各因子在影响冬季冷暖方面的主要特征，从而为短期气候预测提供科学依据。     

温室,拱棚蔬菜生产气象条件分析

从温度角度出发，对温室蔬菜生产进行了气象生态效应的研究，并将春季温室蔬菜生产同冬季节能日光温室蔬菜生产进行了对比分析，提出在吐鲁番盆地独特的气候条件下发展冬季温室蔬菜较春季温室蔬菜更具有优势和潜力。     

1967—2016年伊宁市旅游气候舒适度变化研究

气候条件不仅与旅游活动密切相关，也关系到一个地区旅游业的发展。本研究选取新疆伊宁市1967～2016年共50a的气象资料，分别从伊宁市年内与年际的温湿指数（THI）和风效指数（K）分别进行划分并分析，总结出伊宁市地区近50a的气候变化，通过运用线性回归、滑动平均方法对伊宁市旅游气候舒适度进行研究。结果表明，伊宁市的湿度指数年内变化呈倒“V”型指数先增后降；年际变化春、夏、秋基本趋于稳定，冬季变化较明显，风效指数仍呈倒“V”型。总体来说，伊宁市有半年都处在较为舒适月份，其中5-9月为最舒适月份，冬季为最不适季节。伊宁市年内风效指数在春季、夏季、秋季、冬季均比较舒适；风效指数年际变化趋于稳定，即使在冬季，风力也偏小，整体较温暖。     

桃花迟早年型的冬季气候特点及花期预测

对广西桂林市桃花迟早年型冬季气候特点分析表明，桃花偏早年型具有冬季降雨量偏多，12月中下旬气温偏低，1月下旬至2月下旬气温偏高等主要特征。用模糊数学方法对桃花迟早年型进行预测，可为旅游业提供气象服务。     

内蒙古A—AAAA级景区气候适宜性分析

利用13个气象站1991-2000年的气象观测数据，从旅游气候舒适庋和风景愉悦度两个方面对内蒙古地区38个A—AAAA级景区进行了气候适宜性分析。得出如下结果:（1）空间上，由西向东北随着纬度的增高，景区的气候适宜期逐渐缩短。(2)时间上，旅游景区的气候适宜季节为5—9月，2、3月和10、11月的旅游气候条件一般。（3）内蒙古冬季气候条件适合开发冰雪旅游项目，其中呼伦贝尔、兴安盟北部山地地区是滑雪旅游为主的冰雪旅游开发的最理想地区。因此，通过冰雪旅游项目能很好地弥补该地区冬季旅游淡季局面，但须充分考虑全球气候趋势性变暖可能对其产生的影响。     

试用卡尔曼滤波方法作冬季平均气温的短期气候预测

对淄博市１９５２ 年～１９９８ 年的冬季平均气温变化特征进行了分析,建立了冬季平均气温的卡尔曼滤波递推系统。结果表明,卡尔曼滤波方法在气象要素的短期气候预测方面有一定的使用价值,在气候变暖的预报方面有其显著优势。     

新丰县冬季异常气候分析

利用异常度的概念对新丰县1960~2005年冬季气候进行分析,建立了冬季异常气候(干湿冷暖)划分标准,并根据天气气候原理对形成干湿冷暖异常冬季气候的平均环流形势、副高特征、ENSO事件等进行分析,得出了:新丰46年来冬季气温和降水量从持续偏冷、偏少到持续偏暖、偏多的年际变化周期,它与副高的年际变化是相对应的。冷(暖)冬前期夏季副热带高压持续偏强(弱),到秋季转为持续偏弱(强)。在EL N ino事件期间常出现暖冬和湿冬,而LA N ina事件期间常伴随冷冬等新丰冬季气候异常的特征及变化规律。     

冷、暖冬预测与三麦等越冬作物防减灾对策研究

本文采用冬季负积温和冬季平均气温距平相结合的方法来确定冷暖冬年型分级指标；选用环流、海温等资料，建立了回归预报方程，并借鉴滤波的基本思想，研制了冬季负积温的海温因子和环流因子的分阶段滚动预报模式，该模式通过系数修正函数的运算，使得原为常量的预报因子系数变为变量，从而有效地提高预报精度，并在冷暖冬决策预报中起到了较大的作用。本文将天气预报、农业气象与农业生产相结合，研制了冷暖冬预测与三麦等越冬作物防减灾对策系统，近2a预报效果好。     

江苏省小麦播种期的干旱研究及应用

本文确定了以降水量和蒸散量为参数的干旱指数计算方法,以小麦适宜播种期及前后各一句的时间范围内综合考虑各旬干旱指数,确定干旱指标,并讨论了江苏省小麦播种期干旱的发生规律。     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRECEDING WINTER MJO ACTIVITIES AND THE SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN OF CHINA

The first two series(RMM1 and RMM2) of RMM Index(all-Season Real-time Multivariate MJO Index) are computed to obtain the interannual variation of the preceding winter(preceding December to current February) MJO strength,according to which active(or inactive) years of preceding winter MJO are divided.By utilizing the data provided by NCEP/NCAR,CMAP and China’s 160 stations from 1979 to 2008,we studied the preceding winter MJO strength and discovered that the summer precipitation in the basin are of significantly negative correlation,i.e.when the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,the summer precipitation in the basin decreases,and vise verse.We also analyzed the causes.When the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,its release of potential heat facilities Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) to strengthen and locate northward in winter and propagate northeastward.This abnormal situation lasts from winter to summer.In mid-May,ITCZ jumps northward to the South China Sea,the western Pacific subtropical high withdraws eastward,and the South China Sea summer monsoon sets off and strengthens.In summer,ITCZ propagates to South China Sea-subtropical western Pacific,the zonal circulation of subtropical Pacific strengthens,and a local meridional circulation of the South China Sea to the basin area forms,giving rise to the East Asia Pacific teleconnection wave-train.An East Asian monsoon trough and the Meiyu front show opposite features from south to north,the East Asian summer monsoon strengthens and advances northward.As a result,the summer monsoon is weakened as the basin is controlled by the subtropical high continually,with less rain in summer.On the contrary,when the preceding winter MJO is inactive,ITCZ weakens and is located southward,the subtropical high is located southward in summer,and the basin is in a region of ascending airflow with prevailing southwest wind.The East Asian monsoon trough and EASM weaken so that summer monsoon is reduced in the basin where precipitation increases.     

平凉冬小麦产量预报的能量学模式初探

采用能量学方法，以太阳辐射观测资料和农业气象观测资料建立冬小麦能量转化模型，其结果与实测产量很接近     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE WINTER EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CLIMATE WARMING IN SOUTHERN CHINA

Based on daily precipitation and monthly temperature data in southern China, the winter extreme precipitation changes in southern China have been investigated by using the Mann-Kendall test and the return values of Generalized Pareto Distribution. The results show that a winter climate catastrophe in southern China occurred around 1991, and the intensity of winter extreme precipitation was strengthened after climate warming. The anomalous circulation characteristics before and after the climate warming was further analyzed by using the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data. It is found that the tropical winter monsoon over East Asia is negatively correlated with the precipitation in southeastern China. After climate warming the meridionality of the circulations in middle and high latitudes increases, which is favorable for the southward movement of the cold air from the north. In addition, the increase of the temperature over southern China may lead to the decrease of the differential heating between the continent and the ocean. Consequently, the tropical winter monsoon over East Asia is weakened, which is favorable for the transport of the warm and humid air to southeastern China and the formation of the anomalous convergence of the moisture flux, resulting in large precipitation over southeastern China. As a result, the interaction between the anomalous circulations in the middle and high latitudes and lower latitudes after the climate warming plays a major role in the increase of the winter precipitation intensity over southeastern China.     

我国南方冬季气候变暖前后极端降水事件分析

利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验方法,并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值,讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明,我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后,且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征,发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱),华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大,有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外,气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高,海陆热力差异减小,东亚热带冬季风减弱,有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送,并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合,有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后,中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。     

孟加拉湾冬季风及其与亚洲夏季气候的关系

利用东亚和孟湾近海1000hPa低层风场,定义了一个东亚和孟湾的冬季风指数,通过对比分析发现,孟湾冬季风指数温度场和风场具有显著的气候意义.同时可以看到孟湾和东亚冬季风都具有年际和年代际变化,但其变化特征有较大的不同,东亚冬季风有较明显的15～20年的年代际变化,而孟湾冬季风在最近50年则表现为一致增强的趋势.在此基础上,进一步利用相关分析和合成分析方法分析了孟湾冬季风活动的跨季节影响,研究发现,孟湾冬季风对春、夏季气候有较强的跨季节影响,孟湾冬季风指数与次年夏季中国的降水有较好的对应关系.     

DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ANOMALOUS SURFACE SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX IN THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS VICINITY ON THE EAST ASIAN WINTER MONSOON*

Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly data,the relation between the surface sensible heat flux,(SHTFL) in the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity and the East Asian winter monsoon is revealed as follows:on the inter-annual and longer time scales,the difference between SHTFL anomalies in the east and southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau last spring has influence on the East Asian winter monsoon,that is,SHTFL anomaly in the east of the Tibetan Plateau was positive and that in the southern slope was negative last spring,then the East Asian winter monsoon would become more vigorous,and vice versa.Both the most significant period of the difference between SHTFL anomalies in the east and southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau and that of the East Asian winter monsoon index are 2 to 4-year time scales.On the 2 to 4-year time scales,the heterogeneous spatial distribution of SHTFL anomalies in the east and southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau last spring has effect on the East Asian winter monsoon,after SHTFL anomaly in the east of the Tibetan Plateau was positive and that in the southern slope was negative last spring,then the East Asian winter monsoon would be more powerful,and vice versa.The lag influence of the difference of SHTFL anomalies in the east and southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian winter monsoon brings into effect mainly on 2 to 4-year time scales.In the end an reasonable explanation for their relationship has been discussed.     

赤道太平洋海温异常对太湖地区小麦赤霉病的影响

本文通过对１９５２年至１９９８年的资料分析表现,东太平洋地区的海温变化对江苏省太湖地区小麦赤霉病发生程度有着显著的滞后影响,在ＥＮＳＯ事件开始或维持的下一年赤霉病明显偏重发生,在此基础上,运用人工神经网络方法,建立了太湖地区小麦赤霉病的海温长期混合预报模型。     

大气平衡态研究中高截断低谱模式的问题

用１９５１－１９９０年东亚冬季风强度资料研究了东亚冬季风强度异常与夏季５００ｈＰａ环流及我国大尺度气候异常的关系。指出，弱冬季风时，夏季５００ｈＰａ从南海、菲律宾经黄海、日本到鄂霍茨克海呈正－负－正的距平分布，弱ＥＡＰ遥相关型。