Geomagnetism of the external flysch Czechoslovakian Carpathians and the possible causes of anomalous geophysical manifestations

a aam u¶rt;au m ua aum aauu nu¶rt;u ¶rt; u anam a ¶rt;mu uu mu amuma n nu aum nuuumu num a¶rt;a uu ma¶rt;uuma, a m um ¶rt;u n u-a nummu ¶rt;¶rt;. num naau, m mua n¶rt;um nu¶rt; u ma aamam. a n¶rt;a umnmau aauuu u a mumuu m auu,¶rt; umuu n aaumu u mu n¶rt;umu m uam au u a mam ¶rt;u n n¶rt;a.     

Palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field during upper cainozoic derived from palaeo-slags and porcellanites in north Bohemia

Summary Porcellanites and palaeo-slags from North Bohemia are natural materials which can be used to derive the palaeomagnetic directions and palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field active at the time of caustic alteration. The origin of these rocks, called erdbrands, was due to the caustic alteration of predominantly pelitic sediments as a result of underground fires conditioned by spontaneous ignition of coal seams. The caustic alteration occurred during the Upper Pliocene to the Quaternary. Three procedure based on the methods by Thellier and Nagata are presented in the paper. The newly developed apparatus MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) was used for the thermal demagnetization of samples. A procedure based on multi-component analysis was also proposed and tested. Besides some methodic results, it was found that the geomagnetic field intensity varied during the respective period within the limits of 48%±4% to 154%±32% of the present geomagnetic field intensity.

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aum u na au a mumuu uu n¶rt;mam nu¶rt; amua, m n¶rt;¶rt;um ¶rt; ¶rt;u naaum anau u naumumuaum n, ¶rt;m amu uu. mu n¶rt;, aa ¶rt;a¶rt;, uu n¶rt; uu amu uu num num a¶rt; n¶rt; ¶rt;mu aau . amu uu u m nu¶rt; m nua ¶rt; mmu nu¶rt;a. am n¶rt; mu umnmau nua, n¶rt;¶rt;u ¶rt; ¶rt;u naumumu, nuau a m¶rt; u aama. a aamaa annaama MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) a unaa ¶rt; mu aauuau ¶rt; amu aa. n¶rt; u n n¶rt;¶rt;, a a munm aau amuauu. nu m¶rt;uu au, ma ma, m umumaum n u¶rt; nu¶rt; a n¶rt;a 48%±4%-154%±32% au umumu aum n.

     

Precipitation of electrons after geomagnetic substorms

Summary Precipitating electrons E_e>10 keV and E_e>30 keV and protons E_p=150 to 300 keV are analyzed using data obtained from the low-altitude polar-orbiting satellite Interkozmos-17 after the magnetic storm of December 2, 1977. On December 3, an isolated substrom occurred, and strong electron precipitation was observed in the midnigt sector, while the sequence of substorms of December 5 expanded its longitudinal extent from 22 MLT through the morning to 12 MLT. The different character of the precipitation, in the two cases mentioned, is discussed in relation to the changes of conditions for the generation of cyclotron instability as well as to the effect of particle injection. Proton precipitation occurred only in the night sector, most probably just inside the plasmapause.

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¶rt; aau nau m E_e>10 u E_e>30 u nm E_p=150–300 n uu n uuma nmua n um m-17 n aum u 2. ¶rt;a 1977. 3. 12. nua uuaa u u nau m aumua m mo u. a n¶rt;amm 5. 12. nua auu ¶rt;m umaa, m m nau, a u m 22 MLT mu m ¶rt; 12 MLT. a aam nau nu¶rt; ¶rt; a ¶rt;am aa uu u ¶rt; uu um mumu u ¶rt;mu uuu amu. nau nm n¶rt;u m m u m a naana mu naa.

     

Geostationary satellites and variations in the position of the Earth's mass center

¶rt;am m unau a¶rt;umaua m nu ma a u mum u au. am a uu u ma a a umaua nmua mmu ¶rt; u mu m uauu.

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Presented at the Meeting SSG 5.49 of the IAG, Uppsala, August 7, 1978.     

Magnetic anisotropy of polycrystalline haematite induced by A D. C. magnetic field

Summary The changes in the anisotropy of initial susceptibility of haematite ores, induced by a D.C. magnetic field are studied. After applying stronger magnetic fields, the changes in the anisotropy parameters are considerable and depend on the manner in which the basal planes of the haematite grains are arranged in the samples. The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of the single-domain theory. The proposed simple model of induced anisotropy is based on the relation between the directional susceptibility of the sample and the preferred orientation of the magnetic moments of the grains in polycrystalline haematite.

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am uu aumnuu aa nuuumuamum ¶rt;, a nm aum n. nuu u aum n uu aumnuu aam u aum m na n¶rt;u nmamum aa. numa. ¶rt;a umnmua unau ¶rt;¶rt; muu. ¶rt;a nma ¶rt; a aumnuu aa a auumu u nuuumu m umauu aum m nuumauamum.

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Presented at the 5th Scientific Assembly of IAGA in Prague 1985.     

A note on secular variation of gravity due to non-tidal geodynamic phenomena

Summary Secular non-tidal variations of geopotential and gravity are estimated due to secular decrease of the second zonal geopotential harmonic, secular polar motion and deceleration of the Earth's rotation.

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am a nuu uunmuaa u u u mmu, a u m aauunmuaa, ¶rt;uu n u u mu au u.

     

Equations of motion of the moon retaining higher harmonics in the force function

u u u u uu smu um ¶rt;um ¶rt; a, s¶rt;a ¶rt;a ¶rt;u suu (n — mn, k — n¶rt;): saumauo n u: n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; n=3, k=0, 1, 2, 3; n=4, k=0; n=4, k=3; saumau n : n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; saumau n a: n=2, k=0.

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Dedicated to Prof. RNDr. Emil Buchar, DrSc., Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, on the Occasion of His 75^th Birthday     

Global geoidal undulations as inferred from the Bruns formula and from inversion of the geopotential series

Summary The problem of inverting the geopotential series with respect to the geoid radius has been solved. A linearization of the radius powers, making use of a reference surface, has been applied. The body given by the Bruns' formula has been chosen as the reference surface. Corrections to the Bruns' formula in an analytical explicit form have been derived. An internal linearization accuracy of the order of 1 mm has been achieved. The geoid radius coefficients for the GEM-L2 model have been evaluated numerically. The corrections have been found to range from –90 to 90 cm.

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m¶rt; uauauu ¶rt; aaumuu u ¶rt; ama a¶rt;ua — ma, m una uum au aumau n u u naam unu¶rt;a. u u¶rt; una um uum u nmuaa u uum au a¶rt;ua — ma. ¶rt;a¶rt;amua ua, aa uauau, n¶rt;a 1 . u¶rt; u am ¶rt; ¶rt;uaumau n GEM-L2. au na nm mm m am nu annuauuu¶rt;a, a a m a, n¶rt;a ± 90 .

     

Determination of tidal torques independently of densities

Summary The components of the tidal torques along the axes of the inertia ellipsoid of a perfectly elastic Earth have been derived quite independently of the density distribution of masses within the Earth. It has been demonstrated that not only the sectorial, but also the tesseral terms in the tidal forming potential are responsible for the tidal deceleration of the Earth's rotation.

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am ¶rt; mau ma nuu u m u a um unu¶rt;a uuu u¶rt;a n u, auu m ¶rt;a an¶rt;uu nmm a. aa, m nuu a¶rt;u au u a m muau, u mau nuuu au nuua nmua.

     

Changes in the reflectivity of the midlatitude ionosphere with respect to the ULF (Pc1) signal

Summary The method of numerical modelling of ionospheric filtration of the Fourier components of a signal from the frequency range of Pc1 micropulsations is employed in the spectral analysis (frequency f, angle of incidence ) of the relative characteristic of the amplitude and energy reflectivity of the ionospheric layer with respect to ordinary Alfvén modes incident in the meridional plane. The results are presented for four different models characterizing the midlatitude day- and night-time ionosphere under low and high solar activity. The results indicate the specificity of filtration of ordinary Alfvén waves. It is proved that the lower region of the modelled ionosphere, as part of the midlatitude ionospheric wave guide (in particular the F2 layer), behaves like an Alfvén resonator in the given spectral range.

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m¶rt; u ¶rt;uau u umauu -mau uaa u amm ¶rt;uanaa unau 1 n¶rtum nma aau (amma f, a¶rt;u ) mum anum¶rt; u mu maamu u ¶rt; ¶rt; a, a¶rt;au a u u¶rt;ua nmu. mam n¶rt;aam ¶rt; m a ¶rt; ¶rt;um m ¶rt; u u nu u u nu amumu. aam nuum umauu a. naa, m ua am ¶rt;ua u (a am F2-u ¶rt;um ¶rt;a) ¶rt;m nma ¶rt;uana a am a.

     

Spectrum of the geomagnetic field in central Europe

mam na n uu nmaaum n a mumuu ¶rt; n. ammu ama 27-¶rt;a auau uuauuu n amuaa 7 ¶rt;nu amu nu¶rt; 1960–68 . ¶rt;a m ¶rt; mum nma maa m nmaum n nu a amumu.     

Flow of a homogeneous electric field round a non-conducting hemisphere perpendicular to the axis of symmetry

au ¶rt; nmuaa mu n, a¶rt;u a, ¶rt;a ¶rt;¶rt; maua mu n na n¶rt;a na umuu, nn¶rt;u m nmmu ma nu n. a¶rt;aa a u um ¶rt;uam. a u ¶rt;m um u au. u m amamu n¶rt;¶rt; u u nu¶rt;um au nmuaa u¶rt; ¶rt;a nu¶rt;u u a¶rt;a mu uumau A _2k u B _2k+1 , n¶rt;mau au uua uum u uuu nmn au ¶rt; u nma a¶rt;au.     

Explanation of the internal air pressure effect on the worden gravity meter dial constant

Summary A model, explaining the effect of air pressure changes in the space of the measuring system on the fine dial counter constant of the Worden and similar gravity meters, is presented. It is based on the changes of the bellows volume with compensating the gravity changes. It is shown that the resetting the gravity meter in the whole range has practically no influence on the fine dial counter constant.

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u¶rt;a ¶rt;, na m uu ¶rt;au ¶rt;a nmam uum um a nm a umaauma ¶rt; u nuaum. ¶rt; aa a uu a ua umu uma nu nauu uu u mmu. aa, m nma ¶rt;uanaa um namuu um a uu nm a uma.

     

Temperature properties of gravity meter Gs 15 No. 228

uu mnam a anu nuuauma Gs 15 No 228 u a m mnam m nua a n u — . (5). au u n¶rt; a 5 u a ¶rt;mu annaam n aa uu mnam — a. 1. ¶rt;: uum mmamuauauma (1/191), mamuu mnam uum annaam (–5,24 ^–2/°C), mamuu mnam uum uum umauma (–1 ^–2/°C). m u anum¶rt; u a amm aamumuu u uu — a. 2, 3 u u. 6, 7. aua uu auau mnam a anuauma nu nu¶rt; 6 a — a n¶rt; mamu mnam uu.     

Spherical harmonic expansion of the continents and oceans distribution function

Summary An algorithm is derived to compute the coefficients of a spherical harmonic series for the functionE(, ) representing the distribution of continents and oceans with the least-squares method. Some properties of the system of normal equations, when measuring points are distributed in a regular grid, are discussed. The fully normalized complex coefficients to the ninth degree are given in the table.

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m mam nuam n uu uum ¶rt; uau ¶rt;a ¶rt; uu (, ), ma nm n¶rt;um an¶rt;u mum u a nu nu m¶rt;a auu a¶rt;am. ¶rt;am m ma um a au ¶rt; a, ¶rt;a uum mu an mu. m aua n um ¶rt;o ¶rt;m mnu nu¶rt;m mau.

     

Effects of the interplanetary magnetic field sector structure in the winter ionosphere

Summary The ionospheric effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) sector boundary crossings are studied for the winters of 1963–69. They are considerably stronger for proton than for non-proton sector boundaries. There are two different types of effects. The geomagnetic type is a disturbance, observed in geomagnetic activity, the night-time ionosphere and the day-time F2 region near the geomagnetic equator. The effect in the ionosphere is interpreted in terms of the IMF sector boundary crossing related changes in geomagnetic activity. The tropospheric type is aquietening, observed in tropospheric vorticity and in the day-time mid-and low-latitude ionosphere (except the geomagnetic equator region). The mechanism of this effect remains unexplained.

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¶rt;m u m nu mau nam aum n () ¶rt; u 1963–69. u m u ¶rt; nm ¶rt; a mau. mm ¶rt;a m¶rt; muna m. aum m u, a¶rt;a aum amumu, u u ¶rt; F2 amu uuaum ama. mu u m ¶rt;mu uu aum amumu, m a nu mau . n mun m nu, a¶rt; aumu mn u ¶rt; ¶rt;- u uum u (a uu amuaum ama). au m ma um.

     

Long term variation in the secular love number

Summary It has been demonstrated that the observed decrease in the second zonal geopotential harmonic linear in time and the secular decrease in the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation do not satisfy the relation defining the secular Love number k as constant during the whole history of the Earth's evolution. The discrepancy disappears if it is assumed thatdk/dt=–2.4×10^–6 cy^–1 .

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aa, m a ¶rt;a au m aauunmuaa u u a ¶rt;a u mu au u ¶rt;mm mu, n¶rt; u a a nm mu umuu u. a uam, u ¶rt;nmumdk/dt=–2,4·10 ^–6 (mmu)^–1 .

     

Stratospheric ozone variability near the IMF sector boundary

Summary We search for the effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) sector boundary crossing (SBC) in upper stratospheric ozone. The SBUV data (Nimbus-7) at the 10, 3 and 1 hPa levels are analysed for latitudes 45° N and 55° N for winters of the period December 1979 to December 1982. An effect of the IMF SBC wos only found at the 10 hPa level. These first results concerning the IMF SBC effect in upper stratospheric ozone are rather preliminary.

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¶rt;m uu nu mau () nam aum n () a mam. SBUV ¶rt;a (u-7) a nm ¶rt;au 10, 3 u 1a aauum ¶rt; um 45° u 55° . . ua nu¶rt;a ¶rt;a 1979 – ¶rt;a 1982. m uu a¶rt; m a 10a. mu n mam n uuu a mam m n¶rt;aumu.

     

Source radiation pattern andPKP amplitudes from the Tonga region

Summary The relation of short period PKP1 and PKP2 amplitudes from deep earthquakes in the Tonga region observed at a seismological station in Central Europe, is compared with the theoretical relations computed for different source radiation parameters and depths. The Preliminary Earth Model was used in the computations. Qualitatively good agreement of observed and calculated values was found for the radiation pattern corresponding to the likely geometry of the Tonga subduction zone. The influence of the variation of some source and model parameters on the calculated PKP1 and PKP2 relation is discussed.

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¶rt;a au mu anum¶rt; mnu¶rt; PKP1 u PKP2 mu mu a, anua ¶rt; u mau ma n, mmmuu mmuuu uuau, aumau ¶rt; a naam ua umua uu aa. ama unaa ¶rt; PREM. a¶rt; u auma uu ¶rt;am am au ¶rt; a uu, mmm mmuu ¶rt;uu a a. ¶rt;am uu auau naam umu u ¶rt;u a uu am mu anum¶rt; PKP1 u PKP2.

     

On the possibility of combining functional optimality criteria in a geodetic net

Summary The procedure of computing the optimum plan, satisfying the conditions of the criterion generated by a convex linear combination of two convex functional optimality criteria is discussed. A numerical example of computing the optimum plan of a geodetic positional net combining criteria of L-optimality and D-optimality is given.

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m¶rt; uu nmua naa, n u umu, ¶rt;a n n u uauu ¶rt; n ua umu nmuamu. u nu ama nmua naa¶rt;u na mu nu uauu umu L-nmuamu u D-nmuamu.