方钢管混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的非线性有限元分析

本文建立了方钢管混凝土框架结构的三维非线性有限元分析模型,用以研究方钢管混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能。该模型考虑了钢与混凝土的粘结滑移作用。通过与方钢管混凝土框架结构在低周反复荷载作用下试验所得的滞回曲线和刚度退化曲线的对比,发现该模型的计算结果较为精确,可以应用于方钢管混凝土框架的结构分析中。同时由试验和有限元分析计算的结果也可以得出结论,方钢管混凝土框架具有较好的抗震性能。     

钢骨及纤维增强混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能

通过进行往复荷载作用下的T形钢骨、槽型钢骨、聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维增强的混凝土异形柱中节点试验研究,分析不同改善措施对混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能影响。研究结果表明:在混凝土异形柱中节点核心区加入T形钢骨、槽型钢骨或掺入聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维均能使混凝土异形柱中节点的承载能力得到提高,使中节点的滞回特性得到改善。四种改善措施均能提高混凝土异形柱中节点受剪承载力,其中加入钢骨对提高混凝土异形柱节点的受剪承载力效果优于加入纤维的。     

异形截面钢骨混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

通过1／4缩尺的3根异形截面钢骨混凝土柱和1根圆形截面钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究，分析比较了各试件的承载力、延性、滞回特性和破坏特征。用基于平截面假定的条带法计算了试件承载力，计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

钢骨-钢管混凝土组合柱延性的试验研究

本文通过14根钢骨－钢管混凝土组合柱在较高轴压比和低压反复水平荷载作用下的试验，研究了这种新型组合柱的破坏形态，分析了轴压比（n）、钢骨（As）和套箍指标（Φ）等因素对构件滞回特性、承载力和延性的影响。试验结果表明，钢骨－钢管混凝土组合柱具有很好的延性和很高的承载力。     

高含钢率钢骨混凝土柱试验和恢复力模型

进行了四个高含钢率钢骨混凝土柱的拟静力试验,试验结果表明其抗震性能接近钢结构构件:具有承载力高、延性大、滞回曲线饱满等特点。在此基础上,分析了此种结构的滞回特征,构建了基于水平力和侧移关系的高含钢率钢骨混凝土柱的恢复力模型,给出了参数确定方法。与试验曲线进行对比,两者形态接近,关键参数吻合良好。     

蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的试验研究

为了考察轴压比对蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱抗震性能的影响,本文进行了3根不同轴压比的蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱的低周往复水平荷载试验,研究了该L形柱的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性、黏滞阻尼系数等抗震性能.研究表明:蜂窝状钢骨能增强钢骨与混凝土间的黏结能力,提高其协同工作与整体受力性能.蜂窝状钢骨的存在,延缓了L形柱的刚度退化,提高了延性,增强了结构的耗能能力及抗震性能.轴压比对该新型构件的破坏形态及抗震性能影响明显.随着轴压比的增大,构件的破坏形态由类似于剪切破坏向轴压破坏形态转变.轴压比越大,构件的极限承载力越大,但延性与黏滞阻尼系数越小,耗能能力越低,抗震性能越差.研究还发现,该新型构件的正、反方向承载力及延性有所差别.     

反复荷载下矩形钢管混凝土柱的抗震性能Ⅱ:分析研究

文中首先提出了钢管与内填混凝土界面的粘结-滑移滞回模型，建立了考虑包兴格效应的钢材单轴滞回模型和考虑矩形钢管约束效应后内填混凝土的单轴应力-应变滞回模型。在截面纤维模型的基础上，建立了考虑界面粘结-滑移的矩形钢管混凝土柱分析模型，用Fortran语言编制了相应的全过程分析程序。对作者等完成的试件进行了滞回全过程数值模拟计算，分析与试验结果在荷载-位移和荷载-应变两种层次上进行了对比。之后，利用该分析程序对矩形钢管混凝土柱中有代表性的混凝土和钢单元应力-应变发展全过程进行了跟踪分析。最后，以典型试件为对象，分析了钢-混凝土界面切向粘结强度对柱滞回性能的影响。本文工作可为从事组合结构研究时提供参考。     

钢骨-钢管混凝土受弯组合柱受力性能的试验研究

本文通过钢骨—钢管混凝土组合柱受弯试验，分析了这种组合柱受弯的破坏形态、荷载—位移滞回曲线、承载力和延性等受力性能，井讨论了组合柱的弯矩—曲率曲线特性。     

高强轻骨料混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究与数值模拟

以一个3层高强轻骨料混凝土高铁站房框架结构的底部两层为研究对象,通过一榀1∶5比例的两层两跨高强轻骨料混凝土框架低周反复荷载试验,系统研究了框架的受力过程、破坏形态、破坏机制、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化及耗能能力等。同时,运用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了该框架的三维非线性有限元模型,分析了高强轻骨料混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的工作性能,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:框架破坏机制为混合机制,试件以柱脚混凝土压溃为破坏标志。有限元模拟得到的滞回曲线、骨架曲线和破坏形态,与试验结果符合良好。     

基于OpenSees平台的钢管混凝土结构力学性能数值模拟

基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论,以OpenSees为求解平台分别进行了钢管混凝土结构滞回曲线计算和弹塑性动力时程分析等数值模拟,计算结果与试验吻合良好。钢管内核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力—应变关系,钢材采用随动强化本构模型。在传统纤维模型法的基础上,通过直接在截面层次定义非线性剪切恢复力的方法建立了考虑非线性剪切效应的剪力墙结构数值模型,结果表明该模型能较好地模拟组合剪力墙的抗剪承载力、捏缩效应以及刚度退化等力学性能。对输入不同地震波下钢管混凝土框架体系的动力时程分析表明,基于OpenSees求解平台的非线性纤维模型法能够较好地模拟钢管混凝土框架结构的非线性动力特性。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.