阳离子交换色层分离-分光光度法准确测定硅酸盐岩石中的痕量钍

为获得岩石或其他复杂材料中痕量钍的准确值,在最后用灵敏的分光光度法测定之前,必须使钍完全与其他元素分离。在硅酸盐岩石和其他有关的复杂材料中分析钍时,常使用离子交换法。在硝酸介质中用阴离子色层分离钍的方法受到普遍重视。在5—10M硝酸中,钍很容易被吸附,这样就能把它与大多数其他元素分离开。当用6M盐酸洗提钍时,选择性会     

用铀试剂Ⅲ光电比色法测定天然原料中的钍

薩卡文曾在1959年合成了铀试剂Ⅲ,并建议用光电比色法测定釷、铀、锆。在著作中提出了于鋯石中不用分离居外元素(包括锆元素)而测定钍的方法。在论文中叙述了在岩石中使钍呈氟化物分出后进行钍的测定。在著作中詳细地阐明了铀试剂Ⅲ与钍的反应操作条件,并提出了用这些试剂以萃取光电比色法测定钍。文章也谈到使钍吸附在阳极上分离后测定少量钍。     

索洛铬坚牢红分光光度法测定钍

叙述了一种灵敏、准确的用偶氮染料索洛铬坚牢红(Solochromate Fast Red)分光光度法测定钍的方法。此染料和钍在盐酸-甲醇溶液中反应,形成橙色络合物,在波长490毫微米处有最大吸收。每毫升试液中含0.1-20微克钍,符合比尔定律。钍-染料络合物的克分子吸收度为13,970,只有很少数离子干扰,因此该法一般可用于矿物和岩石中钍的测定。     

钍试剂Ⅰ螯合形成树脂分离富集原子吸收法测定铑

该研究用钍试剂Ⅰ与D290大孔强碱性阴离子树脂螯合形成树脂分离、富集岩石样品中的贵金属铑,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定。实验表明,在pH=1.0条件下,铑定量上柱,用1 mol/L的HCl洗脱,火焰原子吸收分光光度计直接测定,回收率在96%~103%,相对标准偏差<3%。     

用铀试剂Ⅲ测定岩石中微量钍

近年来,文献报导了许多社钍的比色方法,如利用钍试剂、铀试剂、铀试剂Ⅱ、磷苯二酚紫、茜素磺酸钠、铬黑T、索罗铬不退灰RAS等有机试剂比色测定钍的方法,但这些试剂对钍的测定都不是特效反应,因此需要使钍与绝大部份伴生元素分离才能进行比色测定.G.B.萨文[1]在1959年合成了铀试剂Ⅲ(1.8二羟基萘3.6二磺酸2.7(偶氮-1)苯二胂酸).该试剂能同许多阳离子形成有色的内格合物,但在强酸性中对钍、锆、铀有很高的选择性.在比色钍时锆的干扰可以用草酸掩蔽,由于草酸的加入,使钍格合物的颜色强度有所降低,C.B.萨文建议通过计算给以补正.以后,有人把该试剂用于岩石矿物中钍的测定.     

应用铀试剂分光光度法测定稀土元素和钍

本文叙述了用铀试剂和分光光度计同时测定稀土元素(鑭和钆)和钍的方法。在0.05N硝酸溶液中,只有钍与铀试剂生成有色络合物;当pH值为 7.2时,钍和稀土元素一起与铀试剂形成有色络合物。当钍与稀土元素的重量比介于0.2-10之间时,其结果是令人满意的。     

用液体阴离子交换剂从丙二酸溶液中萃取钍

pH3.0时,从0.01M丙二酸介质中用4%的Amberlite LA-1或LA-2的二甲苯溶液定量地萃取钍。用1M盐酸从有机相中定量地反萃取,然后用钍试剂作显色剂,在545nm处用分光光度计进行测定。通过选择性萃取和反萃取使钍与其他元素分离。     

分光光度法研究铀试剂Ⅲ和钍的反应

不久以前由薩符文[1-2]提出的用于分光光度法测定铀和钍的铀试剂Ⅲ(1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸-2,7-二[<偶氮-1>-2-苯胂酸])很有价值,而且在最近两年无论在钍[3-7]和铀[7-11]的测定中都得到了极广泛的应用。铀试剂Ⅲ具有为分光光度法测定钍和铀的其他试剂所     

天然水中钍的浓缩和光度测定

地球化学家对测定天然水中的少量钍很感兴趣。海水中钍的基本同位素的含量平均为5×10~(-8)克/升。直接测定这种水中的钍是办不到的。因此预先浓缩钍乃具有意义。文献中已经介绍了关于用钍与氢氧化铝、氟化钙、氟化鑭、碱性磷酸钛、磷酸锆、或磷酸鉍共沉淀的方法来浓缩钍的资料。用已知的测光试剂——钍试剂在沉淀锆的条件下使钍和锆共沉淀的方法也已经介绍过了。从天然水中浓缩钍是应用氢氧化铁、草酸钙进行的。钍从天然水中的定量萃取也是在浓缩的条件下用离子交换树脂进行的。     

平衡移动法测定络合物组成和稳定常数的研究~(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ)

(Ⅱ)自从 CaBBuH 含成偶氮神试剂以来,该试剂至今仍为测定铀和钍的最主要的试剂之一。对于该试剂与钍或铀组成的络合物及显色机理研究甚多,但用平衡移动法研究它们的稳定常效及组成尚未见文献报导,为此本文采用多级络合体系平衡移动法研究了 UO_2~(2+)-apc ⅢTh~(4+)-apc Ⅲ的组成及稳定常数。     

Uranium and Thorium Content of Reference Samples from the Geological Survey of Japan "Igneous Rock Series 1986"

Improved determinations of uranium and thorium by fission track and moderating neutron techniques are presented for the rock reference samples of the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) "Igneous rock series 1986". The non-homogenous distribution of uranium and thorium has been detected in the samples JF-1, JG-2 and JG-1a caused by the presence of highly radioactive accessory minerals.     

Determination of Thorium-230 in CCRMP Reference Samples by Alpha Spectroscopy

Thorium-230 concentrations have been determined in 11 CCRMP (Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project) reference rock and ore samples using alpha spectroscopy following a chemical separation of the thorium. Literature data are available for only one of these 11 reference samples.     

白云鄂博矿床钍富集过程及空间分布规律

白云鄂博矿床为一特大型Fe-REE多金属矿床,同时伴生有巨量的钍资源。然而,目前开发利用的矿种主要是铁和稀土资源,钍资源利用率几乎为零。查明矿床中钍资源的赋存状态和分布规律及揭示钍资源的富集过程及机制是今后钍资源开发利用的重要基础。本文依托近些年的系统采样及分析测试成果,对白云鄂博主、东、西矿区570个样品进行了详细的矿物学观察和全岩化学分析,在不同类型矿石中识别出以硅钍石为主的独立含钍矿物,硅钍石除少量呈现被稀土矿物包裹现象外,通常以细脉状穿插于稀土矿物内部,显示其明显滞后富集的特点。矿区Th O_-2平均品位达0.0322%,高出地壳钍克拉克值(9.6×10^-6)30多倍,各种矿石类型中Th O₂含量具有明显的差别,在云母型、闪石型、霓石型和萤石型矿石中具有高含量Th O₂,而白云石型矿石中Th O₂含量较低,指示矿区钍矿化主要形成于碱性热液交代和萤石化阶段。此外矿区随深度增加钍矿化作用加强,显示出矿床具有良好的钍资源成矿潜力。     

Geostatistical analysis on the spatial variation of radiogenic elements in the crystalline basement of Grenville Province in the southwestern Québec

Accurate assessment of deep geothermal resources remains a challenge from the practical point of view. Parameter uncertainties and partial knowledge of initial conditions limit the prediction of subsurface temperatures using a variety of thermal models strongly unreliable, and the temperature is highly dependent on the radiogenic heat production in the geological layers mainly affected by a number of factors including the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium, and rock density. In this paper, geostatistical methods were applied to investigate the spatial distribution of radiogenic elements (e.g., uranium, thorium, potassium) and their corresponding concentrations and radiogenic heat production. A representative region measuring 35 km?×?80 km in the southwestern Québec, and covering the domains of Portneuf-Mauricie, Morin Terrane and Parc des Laurentides in the Grenville Province was selected for this study because of its easy accessibility. Analysis results show that the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium for most rocks of the Grenville basement in the research region are in the range of 1–2 ppm, 3–10 ppm and 1–4%, respectively. Furthermore, 90% of the total samples analysed in this study show a uranium concentration of less than 3 ppm, 64% of the samples show a thorium concentration of less than 5 ppm, and 56% of the samples show a potassium concentration of less than 3%. This paper engaged both the ordinary kriging interpolation and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) methods to study the spatial distribution of radiogenic elements. Using density data for specific rocks, the distribution of radiogenic heat production in the study area of the southwestern Grenville Province was also simulated using the SGS method. Conclusively, results show that the difference between the minimum and the maximum value of radiogenic heat production is 30%, considering a significant proportion of heterogeneity in rock density.     

偶氮氯磷mA—溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定化探样品中钍

铀试剂Ⅲ光度法测定钍一般能满足岩石矿物分析要求,但对ppm级钍的化探样品的分析,由于试剂质量问题难以达到要求。偶氨氯膦Ⅲ虽然灵敏度较高,但需用有机溶剂萃取,且稀土和铀的干扰严     

Natural radioactivity in basement rocks and stream sediments, Sharm El Sheikh Area, South Sinai, Egypt: radiometric levels and their significant contributions

The present study examines the natural radioactivity in basements rocks including granites and associated dikes besides stream sediments in Sharm El Sheikh area. Two main rock units are concerned; granites pertaining to Younger Granites of Precambrian age and clastic sedimentary rocks related to Miocene and Pliocene ages. This area is traversed by two shear zones that were delineated as the master fractures trending NW and NNE and controlling uranium and thorium enrichment in granites and dikes. The field and laboratory radiometric measurements revealed radiometric anomalies, in particular, along shear zones. The results of radiometric analyses including concentrations of equivalent uranium (eU), equivalent thorium (eTh), Ra, and K radionuclides as well as the calculated ratios eTh/eU and eU/Ra for representative samples belonging to all rock varieties, revealed that the felsic dikes have the highest values of the average radionuclides potential followed by the alkali feldspar granites, while the mafic dikes display the lowest radioactivity potential. On the other hand, the trends defined in the variation of uranium and thorium reflects the amount of remobilization of uranium that has occurred within the plutons. The eTh and eU/eTh ratios shows a negative correlation, suggesting that distribution of uranium and thorium was at least controlled by magmatic differentiation, while, the positive correlation between eU and eU/eTh ratios indicates enrichment of uranium through post magmatic processes. Some precautions and recommendations are proposed to avoid any possible environmental impacts from shear zone areas with high intensity of natural radiation sources.     

安徽庐江砖桥科学深钻内的铀钍赋存状态研究

2012年深部探测项目SinoProbe-03-06在安徽省庐江县砖桥地区实施了2012 m科学深钻,在钻孔深部正长岩中发现铀钍异常,局部已达工业边界品位。系统的岩芯观测、显微镜下研究以及电子探针分析揭示,铀钍的赋存状态主要有2种：一种呈铀钍的独立矿物如铀钛矿、铀钍石、晶质铀矿形式存在;另一种以类质同象形式赋存于锆石、磷灰石、金红石等副矿物中。独立铀钍矿物主要呈2种形式产出：一种呈自形赋存于钠长石中,常与锆石在空间上伴生;另一种主要呈微细颗粒散布于金红石、磷灰石、硬石膏等热液蚀变矿物中。与铀钍矿化相关的蚀变主要有钠长石化、电气石化、硬石膏化等高温热液蚀变。砖桥深钻距庐枞盆地南缘铀矿床（点）不远,且均与正长岩有关,虽然两者的铀钍矿化、铀钍比值、赋存状态、蚀变矿化等一系列特征均存在差异,但两者之间可能存在成因联系,科学深钻所揭示出的铀钍矿化可能代表了铀钍在盆地深部岩体中的高温成矿样式。     

Determination of uranium, thorium and potassium contents in rock and soil samples using low-energy gamma ray spectrometry

A low-energy gamma ray spectrometric set-up for determination of uranium, thorium and potassium in rock and soil samples is described. The procedure described exploits the fact that a large proportion of gamma quanta produced in the Th and U decay series have energies of less than 1 MeV. The instrumental parameters such as sensitivity and detection limits for the low-energy region have been studied. The measuring conditions were optimized by suitably minimizing the background and by increasing the overall sensitivity with the help of proper geometry of measurement and sample parameters. High sensitivity and low detection limits for U and Th can be achieved using low-energy gamma ray spectrometry. The method provides a rapid analysis with a counting time of the order of a few minutes for each sample.     

贵州下寒武统黑色岩系多金属矿层成矿物质来源的铅同位素示踪

为探讨贵州黑色岩系多金属矿层的成因和成矿物质来源,文章对镇远江所出露的黑色岩系多金属层铅同位素进行了测试。结果表明,黑色岩系多金属矿石铅来源于壳源混合铅,且具有富铀铅贫钍铅的特点,下寒武统牛蹄塘组的下伏灯影组富铀铅而贫钍铅的化学沉积物可能提供了较多的成矿物质。成矿物质主要来源于地壳,具有地幔铅混染的特点,是岩浆作用,化学沉积作用,海底热水作用共同参与的结果。黑色岩系多金属矿层的形成是多种成矿作用过程叠加的结果,具有多来源,多期次的成矿特点。     

Determination of Gallium at the ppb Level in South African Primary and Secondary Reference Samples by Ion Exchange Chromatography and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Results are presented for the determination of trace amounts of gallium in two South African primary rock standards (MIMROCS) and in four secondary rock standards (SAROCS). Gallium is separated from all other elements, except traces of thorium, using a selective ion exchange separation procedure (1) and determined by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.