Метагалактические протоны сверхвысоких энергий

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About the motion of a heavy flexible string attached to the satellite in the central field of attraction

The motion of a heavy inextensible flexible string attached to the satellite in the central gravitational field is discussed. It is supposed that the mass of the string is infinitesimally small compared to the mass of the satellite and hence it does not affect the latter's motion. Under the assumption that the satellite moves along the Keplerian elliptical orbit (in particular circular orbit), the relative motion of the string is investigated. It has been shown that the motion of the flexible string is unstable which is stable in the case of a solidified string.

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Возникновение полярных и экваториальных конденсаций В плазме вБлизи переменного магнитного диполя

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The motion of a plasma in the time-dependent dipole magnetic field is considered. It is shown that the increase of the magnetic moment of the dipole (for example, as the result of the explosion of a magnetic star) leads to the concentration of a plasma in the polar regions. Likewise, a decrease of the magnetic moment (contraction of a star) would lead to the concentration of surrounding plasma in the equatorial plane. This process may be of importance in astrophysics and, particularly, in the dynamics of nebulae and non-stationary star envelopes.

     

Равновесие, устойчивость и эволюия вращающегося замагниченного газового диска

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The exact solutions for the equilibrium of rotating gaseous disk with poloidal magnetic field are obtained. The stability of the disk with respect to uniform expansion and contraction is investigated by means of the variational principle. It is shown that if the equilibrium is determined by gravitational and magnetic forces only, the disk is in neutral equilibrium with respect to perturbations of the form r=r. The instability to short-waves perturbations is studied by the quasi-classical method. The analysis shows that if the magnetic field isH>2G, where is the surface density, then these perturbations are stabilized. The configurations of the electrical field induced by the rotation of magnetized disk are found. In conclusion, the questions of the evolution of the disk are discussed in connection with the quasar model when pulsar-like radiation is taken into account.

     

A study of asymptotic solutions in the vicinity of the collinear libration points of the restricted three-body problem

Some particular solutions of the restricted three-body problem which determine outgoing or incoming orbits near libration points are considered. The solutions are obtained in the form of absolutely convergent Liapounov series. It is proved that these asymptotic solutions are plane curves situated in the orbital plane of the primaries. Each family of asymptotic solutions for every collinear point consists of four solutions which are the separatrices of a saddle point. The angles of inclination of the separatrices are determined.

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Перенос резонансного излучения И случайные ълуждания Фотонов

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Transfer of resonance radiation in infinite medium is considered as a process of random walks of photons. Close relation is shown to exist between the problems of transfer of line radiation and the stable distributions of the probability theory. This relation is used as a basis of a new method for the investigation of the asymptotic properties of the radiation field far from the sources.

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B,V surface photometry of the UV continuum galaxy NGC 838

Surface photometry of the UV continuum galaxy NGC 838 has been carried out in theB, V system using photographic plates obtained with the 74 Kottamia telescope, Egypt. Isophotes, luminosity profiles, integrated photographic magnitudes, effective diameters and other photometric parameters are derived.The photoelectrically calibrated total apparent magnitudes areB _T =13.57 with maximum diameters 1.57×1.34 (at threshold _m =27.7 mag.//) andV _T =12.91 with maximum diameters 1.54×1.32 (at threshold _m =27.7 mag./). The integrated colour index(B–V) _T =0.66 and the effective surface brightness _e (B=19.0 mag./) and _e (V=19.7 mag./. The major axis is at position angle =85°±1°.The nucleus of NGC 838 is quite blue (integrated colour(B–V)=0.41 forr ^*<0.1) compared to normal galaxies while the colour becomes redder from the nucleus outwards. The UV excess, H emission and radio continuum emission previously observed from this galaxy by other investigators may be attributed to a recent burst of star formation in the nucleus of the galaxy of duration slightly greater than 2×10⁷ yr.     

Рассеяние света на анизотропных частицах

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On the Modeling of the Disruption of Cosmic Bodies at High-Speed Impacts

The results of the experimental study of the interaction of polyethylene impactors with a massive flat organic-glass target are presented. The impactor speed ranged from 3.2 to 5.84 km/s. A statistical analysis of the mass and size distributions of fragments of the impact and chop craters of the target is done. As a result, some scaling relations are established for the geometric size of the craters, the cumulative ejected mass, the mass of the largest fragment ejected from the impact crater, and for the dust mass. The mass distribution of the impact-crater fragments is shown to obey a power law and agrees well with other authors" data for some materials. The critical impact energy _k , resulting in the catastrophic disruption of the target into individual fragments, is estimated. For organic glass, the value of _k is found to be 4 × 10⁴J/kg. The mass of the largest (central) fragment accounts for 27 to 33% of the overall mass ejected from the impact crater. The use of the parameter ₃= _p / _p v ² ₀gives the best fit to the observational data for the masses released from the impact and chop craters.     

Parameters critical to the morphology of fluidization craters

The anomalously high number of craters with diameter less than 2.8 km, the igneous nature of rocks from the Apollo landing sites, and the possibility of outgassing magmas in the lunar crust, suggest that fluidization may be a viable mechanism for producing many of the smaller lunar craters, Fluidization craters were formed in the laboratory by blowing gas through various thicknesses of particulate material. Gas pressure, regolith thickness, and the duration of gas streaming were controlled over practical experimental limits and compared with the resultant crater morphology. Low to moderate fluidization pressures on coarsely crushed limestone (Mø = 0.40, So = =0.50) with low cohesion (ø - 43°) produced bowl shaped, basin shaped, and flat bottomed craters. Bowl shaped craters change into basin shaped and/or flat bottomed craters with long durations of gas streaming. Cone, funnel, and flat-funnel shaped craters are indicative of high fluidization pressures. Craters formed in finely crushed limestone (Mø - 1.55, So - 0.85) that is electrostatically charged by the streaming gas, are flat bottomed. Terraced craters develop from slumping during and after the discontinuation of gas flow. Central mounds inn terraced craters result from slumping into a confined space. In particulate material, fluidization craters have high circularity and axial symmetry, similar to those produced by impact. The use of an impact model and crater morphology (normal, flat bottomed, and concentric) for estimating lunar regolith depth is questioned because similar craters can be produced by fluidizationn processes in a thicker regolith.On leave at the Earth Physics Branch, Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada.     

Структура и эволюция Сверхмассивных вращающихся магнитных политроп

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The structure of rotating magnetic polytropes is considered in Roche approximation. Investigation of the influence of poloidal as well as toroidal magnetic fields on the conditions of the beginning of matter outflow due to rotational instability is carried out. The influence of the turbulent convection and twisting of magnetic force-lines on the time of smoothing of differential rotation is considered. The estimate of the magneto-turbulence energy generated by differential rotation is presented. Both maximum possible energy output and duration of the quasi-statical evolution phase up to the appearance of hydrodynamic instability due to the effects of general relativity are calculated for supermassive magnetic polytropes of index three with uniform or differential rotation. The radius-mass relation is obtained for supermassive differentially-rotating magnetic polytropes referring to the longest part of the quasi-statistical evolution stage; some consequences are pointed out, including the period-luminosity relation.The evolution of the considered models of supermassive rotating magnetic polytropes with different character of rotation and different geometry of a magnetic field is discussed.The results obtained are summarized in the last section.

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English translation will appear in the next issue ofAstrophys. Space Sci.

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Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain     

Взаимооействие Излучения Рентгеновскооо Истооника с АтмосФерой Нормальной Звезды в Тесных Двойных Системах

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An analysis of the distribution of boulders in the vicinity of small lunar craters

Nine Orbiter 3 high-resolution photographs were examined at three sites for distributions of boulders around craters 110 m in diameter; three kinds of distributions were noted. Some had boulders inside and far outside (designated), others had boulders only inside or on their ramparts (), and some had no detectable boulders (). Additionally, shapes or morphologies of craters were classified according to their resemblance to one of three Jaffe models (1965); a third classification involved the depth of particulate overlay (Jaffe, 1965). Crater morphologies were classified (A) if they were relatively shallow with sharp, raised rims, (B) if they were rimless and shallow, and (C) if they were relatively deep and had low, broad rims. The data suggested that there were strong relationships between crater types and boulder distributions in which, generally, A-type was related to the-distribution, B-type to-distribution, and C-type to-distribution. Plots of numbers of craters of each crater type and each kind of boulder distribution versus steps of overlay for each site and for the totality of craters considered indicated that neither boulder distribution nor crater type represented orderly progression of age or erosional evolution. The apparent overlays for the A's and C's and for the's and's were similar, implying similar ages or stages of erosion. It is suggested that they represent two kinds of primary craters and that the A's are of impact origin while the C's are of volcanic origin. The B's probably represent later stages of erosion of the C's and possibly of some A's.Now at the University of Maryland.Receipt delayed by postal strike in Great Britain.     

Ускорение релятивистских электронов в плазменных реакторах и нелинейные спектры космических радиоисточников

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The asymptotic limit of the form-factors α and β product for celestial bodies

The applicability of the properties of central configurations proceeding from the many-body problem to study of gaseous sphere cloud evolution during its gravitational contraction is justified. It is shown that the product runs to a constant value in the asymptotic time limit of simultaneous collision of all the particles of the cloud where is a form-factor of the potential energy and is a form-factor of the moment of inertia.The spherical bodies as well as ellipsoids of rotation and general ellipsoids with a one-dimensional mass distribution (k),k[0, 1] are found to possess the property =const.

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Some fundamental elements of universe mechanics

An essential part in the mechanics under study is taking into consideration the effect of motions of the Universe objects upon that of an individual one surrounded by them including those infinitely far from it. Only macro-objects of the Universe are meant here.

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Zusammenfassung Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Mechanik unter unserer Betrachtung ist die Berechnung des Einflusses auf die Bewegung eines individuellen Objektes von Bewegungen der Universum Objekte die es umringen einschließlich jene Objekte, die unendlich entfernt sind. Nur Makroobjekte des Weltalles sind in der Absicht dabei.

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Динамические равновесные плазменные конфигуации и физика магнитосферы

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Distribution of polarization and intensity of radiation across the stellar disk and numberical values of atmospheric characteristics governing this distribution

Computations of polarization and intensity of radiation from a unit stellar surface area are presented, as well as a study of the numerical characteristics of atmospheres — single-scattering albedo and the initial source function(), which define the polarization behaviour of atmospheres. The radiatively stable models of stellar atmospheres presented by Kuruczet al. (1974) and Kurucz (1979) have been used for calculations. Since the versus optical depth dependence is rather weak, it has been assumed that (=cost. With a fixed effective temperatureT _eff maximum values of are characteristic of stars featuring the lowest surface gravity accelerationg. Among stars with radiatively stable atmospheres, maximum values of (=5000 Å) 0.4–0.6 are exhibited by supergiants withT _eff=8000–20 000 K. The plot of () is characterized by discontinuities at the boundaries of spectral series for hydrogen and, sometimes, for helium. Maximum are attained in the Lyman region of =912–1200 Å, where can reach the value 0.7–0.9 for supergiants, this value being 0.3 for Main-Sequence stars. For stars withT _eff 35 000 K, high values of also are attained for <912 Å. Within the infrared region, is always small because of bremsstrahlung absorption.A rapid growth of the source functionB with < typical for ultraviolet range (within the Wien part of spectrum), together with high values of results in the strong polarization of emission from a unit stellar surface element, sometimes exceeding the values for the case of a pure electron scattering. For longer wavelengths, where the limb-darkening coefficient is smaller, the plane of polarization abruptly turns 90° in the central parts of the visible stellar disk.     

Effects of mass transfer on the unsteady free convection flow past an accelerated vertical porous plate with variable suction

An exact analysis of the effects of mass transfer on the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past an uniformly accelerated vertical porous and non-porous plate has been presented on taking into account the free convection currents. The results are discussed with the effects of the Grashof number Gr, the modified Grashof number Sc, the Schmidt number Sc, and the suction parametera for Pr (the Prandtl number)=0.71 representating air at 20°C.Nomenclature a suction parameter - C species concentration - C species concentration at the free stream - g acceleration due gravity - Gc modified Grashof number (vg^*(C –C )/U ₀ ³ ) - Pr Prandtl number (C _p/K) - T temperature of the fluid near the plate - T dimensionless temperature near the plate ((T-T )/(T -T )) - U(t) dimensionless velocity of the plate (U/U ₀) - v normal velocity component - v ₀ suction/injection velocity - x, y coordinate along and normal to the plate - v kinematic viscosity (/gr) - C _p specific heat at constant pressure - C _w species concentration at the plate - C non-dimensional species concentration ((C-C )/(C _w -C )) - Gr Grashof number (g(T _w -T )/U ₀ ³ ) - D chemical molecular diffusivity - K thermal conductivity - Sc Schmidt number (/D) - T _w temperature of the plate - T free stream temperature - t time variable - t dimensionless time (tU ₀ ² /) - U ₀ reference velocity - u velocity of the fluid near the plate - u non-dimensional velocity (u/U ₀) - v dimensionless velocity (v/U ₀) - v ₀ non-dimensionalv ₀ (v ₀ /U₀)=–at^–1/2 - y dimensionless ordinate (yU ₀/) - density of the fluid - coefficient of viscosity     

Космическое черенковское излучение

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