岩脉的侵位机制对成矿作用的约束 ———以内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床为例

[摘 要] 岩脉的侵位机制对理解岩脉和矿脉的侵位过程有着重要的意义。本文详细介绍了岩脉 的侵位机制,并以大井锡多金属矿床为例初步探讨了矿区内岩脉与矿脉的关系。研究表明,区域上主要 受NW-SE 向的挤压应力,在海西期向燕山期转变阶段,区域应力场并没有发生变化,只是林西断块发 生了顺时针转动的结果。矿区范围内,同样受NW-SE 向挤压应力作用,块体也发生了相应的变化,推测 矿区西南向北东方向挤压应力逐渐减小,隆升剥蚀量也随之减小。整体上,岩脉侵位于先存裂隙,矿脉 侵位于岩脉形成的构造空间,局部具有互相穿插的现象。通过岩脉和矿脉的侵位过程,认为矿区西部寻 找斑岩型矿床潜力较大。     

Structural evolution of a quartz–sillimanite vein and nodule complex in a late-to post-tectonic leucogranite,Western Adirondack Highlands,New York

Quartz–sillimanite veins and nodules within the carapace of a late- to post- tectonic leucogranite crosscut one another as well as calcsilicate schlieren. These relationships document a fracture-related and hydrothermal origin of the vein and nodule complex. Two dominant orientations (N50E, N20E) are observed with the former being the oldest and most deformed. Both of these sets have undergone deformation, including boudinage of veins to produce nodules. Zircon geochronology fixes the emplacement age of the leucogranite at 1035.1±3.8 Ma and late crosscutting pegmatites at 1034±10 Ma, hence the vein–nodule complex must fall within this interval. Late dikes of leucogranite truncate the complex and document the continued presence of magma during vein–nodule formation. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) in the leucogranite carapace reveals an approximately horizontal flow direction, within a plane striking N49E and dipping moderately to the northwest. In this regime, quartz–sillimanite veins formed initially as tension fractures in subvertical NNE orientations either as a result of high fluid pressures or rapid sinistral shear along the N50E contact. Progressive sinistral shear rotated the veins counterclockwise causing buckling followed by boudinage and rotation of fragments into near parallelism with the N50E contact. Strain was accommodated by slip between crystals and melt migration with an estimated melt fraction of at least 30%. Multiple episodes of fracturing and vein formation appear to have occurred. Final deformation of the carapace and the vein–nodule complex is envisioned as a flattening against the contact, perhaps as a result of pluton inflation. Melt was still present after this event as evidenced by post-vein granite and pegmatite dikes, commonly with sinistral shear along the dike margin.     

Growth of subcontinental lithosphere: evidence from repeated dike injections in the Balmuccia lherzolite massif, Italian Alps

The Balmuccia alpine lherzolite massif is a fragment of subcontinental lithospheric mantle emplaced into the lower crust 251 Ma ago during the final, extensional phase of the Hercynian orogeny. The Balmuccia massif consists largely of lherzolite, with subordinate harzburgite and dunite, and an array of dike rocks formed in the mantle before crustal emplacement. Dike rocks include websterite and bronzitite of the Cr-diopside suite, spinel clinopyroxenite and spinel-poor websterite of the Al-augite suite, gabbro and gabbronorite of the late gabbro suite, and hornblendite of the hydrous vein suite. The dike rocks display consistent intrusive relationships with one another, such that Cr-diopside suite dikes are always older than dikes and veins of the Al-augite suite, followed by dikes of the late gabbro suite and veins of the hydrous vein suite. Phlogopite (phl) veinlets that formed during interaction with the adjacent crust are the youngest event. There are at least three generations of Cr-diopside suite dikes, as shown by crosscutting relations. Dikes of the Al-augite suite form a polybaric fractionation series from spinel clinopyroxenite to websterite and feldspathic websterite, which crystallized from aluminous alkaline magmas at relatively high pressures. The late gabbro suite of dikes intruded at lower pressures, where plagioclase saturation occurred before significant mafic phase fractionation. Hornblendite veins have distinct compositional and isotopic characteristics, which show that they are not related to either the Al-augite suite or to the late gabbro dike suite. Cr-diopside suite dikes have Nd and Sr isotopic compositions similar to those of the host lherzolite and within the range of compositions defined by ocean–island basalts. The Al-augite dikes and the hornblendite veins have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions similar to those of Cr-diopside suite lherzolite and websterite. The late gabbro dikes have Nd and Sr isotopic compositions similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) asthenosphere. Lead isotopic compositions for all of the samples fall in the present-day MORB field on the ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram but are displaced above this field on the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram. There is overlap in the data between the Cr-diopside suite and the Al-augite and hydrous vein suites, with the exception that the Cr-diopside websterite dikes have more radiogenic Pb than any of the other samples. In Pb–Pb space as well, the late gabbro suite has the least radiogenic isotopic compositions, reflecting a change in magma source region during uplift. These data show that tectonic thinning of subcontinental lithospheric mantle during extension caused a change in the source regions of mantle-derived magmas from an ocean island basalt (OIB)-like lithosphere to the underlying MORB asthenosphere. They also demonstrate that the upper mantle acquires its heterogeneous isotopic character through several different processes, including in situ radiogenic growth, addition of asthenospheric melts, dike-wall rock ionic exchange, redistribution of the lithospheric dike and vein materials by melting, and in the late stages of emplacement, assimilation of crustal materials.     

东准噶尔蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床脉体特征及其形成机制

蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床位于东准噶尔伊吾县琼河坝花岗岩北侧,以发育细脉、网脉状矿化为特征。脉体类型多样,包括石英脉、石英硫化物脉和硫化物脉等。根据脉体力学成因机制,其又可划分为水压破裂充填脉和构造破裂充填脉。构造破裂充填脉体按破裂形成的位错特征有正断与逆断两种。地表石英脉产状陡立,明显受断裂控制。脉体体积分数统计结果显示流体富集区呈向北缓倾的带状分布于深100～400m范围内,并与矿化富集带有较好的对应关系。脉体富集带内,脉体以共轭形式存在,一组为倾角较小的逆断破裂充填脉,另一组为倾角较大的正断破裂充填脉,他们可能为缓倾逆冲剪切带的次级破裂与充填脉,即富矿带内脉体是沿矿区低角度逆冲断裂次级破裂面充填的。矿区地表及深部(400m以下)脉体以陡立为主,矿化较弱。矿区流体的运移具先沿水压直立破裂往上运移,进入剪切带后沿剪切带次级破裂侧向和向上运移,并在剪切带中富集成矿。低温矿物组合脉体穿切高温矿物组合脉体的特征说明脉体形成过程矿区处于隆升构造环境,这对斑岩铜矿成矿有利。     

Tectonic and geomechanical control of dikes and sill-like bodies: Evidence from the northwestern part of the Kola Peninsula

A study of the meticulously documented Paleoproterozoic swarms of basic dikes and sill-like bodies, as well as granite veins crosscutting Archean granite-gneiss country rocks of the Central Kola Geoblock of the Fennoscandian Shield, elucidates the question of geomechanical control of the spatial location of syntectonic sheetlike magmatic bodies intruding into heterogeneous structured geomedium. Based on structural analysis and mapping results, the succession of emplacement of several dike generations has been reconstructed and linked to structural parageneses of the corresponding deformation stages. We evaluate the effect of geomechanical and tectonic factors as well as the structural elements of enclosing strata on the places of dike localization, the character of their spatial distribution, morphology of particular bodies, and patterns of swarm systems. Geomechanical problems on the intrusion of single bodies and their communities are solved taking into account their interaction and the heterogeneity of the medium. The conditions necessary for transition of nearly vertical dikes into sills are discussed.     

造山后脉岩组合与内生成矿作用

造山带大规模花岗质岩浆活动之后往往有一期区域性脉岩产出,被称为岩基后岩墙群。这类脉岩具有近同时形成、宽成分谱系和小体积的特点。根据太行山、燕山、东昆仑山、天山等造山带的观察,这类脉岩可以划分成煌斑岩质、玄武质、闪长质(安山质)、花岗闪长质(英安质)和花岗质(流纹质)等5组。前人大多偏重于研究其中基性部分,因而常常将其与大陆裂解相关基性岩墙群混为一谈。岩石地球化学分析表明,虽然同组脉岩不同样品之间可能存在演化关系,不同脉岩组之间很难相互演化。结合近年来有关岩浆过程速率的研究成果,推测这些脉岩是原生或近原生岩浆固结的产物。这意味着区域地温曲线在不同深度同时穿过所有相应原岩的固相线。基于岩浆起源热体制和区域岩石圈岩石学结构分析,笔者曾经指出,这样的岩浆产生条件要求造山带岩石圈拆沉作用。因此,这类岩墙群的形成是区域构造应力场由挤压向伸展转换阶段的产物,可以用来标定造山过程的结束,因而称其为造山后脉岩组合。进一步对比分析表明,这类脉岩组合分布非常普遍,是地球上业已发现的三类区域性岩墙群之一。尽管如此,基于热传递速率的分析,造山后脉岩组合的形成还应当伴随大规模流体活动。由于深部流体中成矿元素的浓度强烈依赖于压力,新的岩石成因模型意味着造山后脉岩组合与成矿作用相伴生。野外检验表明,可以基于露头观察识别成矿流体的通道和成矿元素大规模堆积的场所。因此,造山后脉岩组合不仅可以用来标定区域造山过程结束的时间,也是区域找矿预测的有效标志。     

Mineralization,alteration, structure,and Re–Os age of the Lanjiagou porphyry Mo deposit,North China Craton

Lanjiagou is a porphyry Mo deposit in terms of its alteration zonation and mineralization associated with granitic intrusions and predominance of quartz vein-hosted molybdenum mineralization. It is the largest Mo deposit in North China Craton (404,000 t). There is an intimate spatial/temporal association between all stages of mineralization and Early Jurassic granitic intrusions at Lanjiagou. Most of the molybdenum was emplaced during the principal hydrothermal (PH) stage (184.6 ± 1.3 – 185.6 ± 1.4 Ma), contemporaneously with intrusion of fine-grained porphyritic granite (188.9 ± 1.2 Ma) into a granite batholith (193 ± 3 Ma). The PH mineralization stage is mainly hosted by a quartz-dominated stockwork associated with phyllic alteration in the fine-grained porphyritic granite. This stage was followed by the late hydrothermal (LH) activity. Thick Mo-rich quartz veins were emplaced during the LH stage and cut the porphyry ore bodies. A ring breccia zone formed during the last hydrothermal stage and apparently cuts both the porphyry and the quartz vein ore bodies. The main hydrothermal vein stages have predominantly concentric and radial vein orientations centred on the ring breccia zone. Most of the concentric veins have shallow dips, whereas the radial veins are subvertical. The LH veins have predominantly NEE and NW orientations in the deposit and are moderately inclined. We surmise that the veining was controlled by the local stress regime generated by the intrusion of a large, deep pluton that we interpreted to be the source of the granites, the breccia zone, and the molybdenum mineralization. Resurgence within the magma chamber reactivated the steep concentric structures in a reverse sense, and accumulation of magmatic and/or fluid pressure resulted in explosive brecciation, producing the ring breccia zone. A predominantly late set of NW-trending, post-ore felsic dikes, associated with the regional structures, are a consequence of far-field stresses exceeding local stresses in the deposit.     

利用宽谱系岩墙群进行勘查靶区预测的初步尝试: 以南阿拉套山为例

本文提出了一种利用宽谱系岩墙群(WSDS)进行内生金属矿床勘查靶区预测的新方法。南阿拉套山出露有一套由二叠纪煌斑岩质、玄武质、安山质、英安质和流纹质岩墙(脉)组成的岩墙群,可称为宽谱系岩墙群。该岩墙群侵位于花岗质岩基及其围岩中,是区内最晚一期岩浆活动的产物。以下特征暗示岩墙群的形成伴随着大规模含矿流体活动:(1)许多岩墙岩石具有气孔状构造,且含有大量含水暗色矿物; (2)部分岩墙岩石具有多斑斑状结构,基质为隐晶质或玻璃质结构; (3)部分岩墙岩石含有浸染状硫化物; (4)各类岩墙具有相似的不相容元素和成矿元素分配型式; (5)不同时代、不同岩性的地层具有相似的成矿元素分配形式。因此,宽谱系岩墙群及其围岩经受过含矿流体的浸润和改造,可作为确定性找矿标志。岩墙群的空间展布形式同时受区域性裂隙系统和局部性裂隙系统控制,可以解释为岩墙同时侵位于先存裂隙和自生长裂隙中。因此,宽谱系岩墙群是熔体-流体流快速侵位的产物,具有较强的成矿潜力。岩墙的空间展布形式可能暗示了含矿流体的运移方式,因而可以用来预测成矿金属大规模堆积的可能位置:(1)流体在运移路径上与碳酸盐岩相遇的部位; (2)流体在运移路径上与块状少裂隙火成岩体相遇的部位; (3)流体运移路径上适度破碎的断裂交汇部位; (4)流体在运移路径上与高渗透率地层相遇的部位; (5)岩墙密集区的小岩体。据此,可在南阿拉套山划出为六个勘查靶区(A、夏尔敖腊靶区,B、米尔其克岩体靶区,C、勒根乌苏-科克塔舒根乌苏靶区,D、阿尔夏提靶区,E、布图哈马尔西南岩体靶区,F、诺尔特靶区),涵盖了区域矿产调查发现的20个矿点(床)中的8个。如果将预测靶区的范围稍微扩大,则可以涵盖15个矿点(床)。据此,可以认为利用宽谱系岩墙群进行成矿预测是有效的。     

Hydrothermal clinopyroxenes of the Skaergaard intrusion

Magmatic augites reacted with high temperature aqueous solutions to form secondary calcic pyroxenes during the subsolidus cooling of the Skaergaard intrusion. Secondary, hydrothermal clinopyroxenes replace wall rock igneous augites at the margins of veins filled with calcic amphibole. These veins are up to several millimeters wide and tens of meters in length. Hydrothermal clinopyroxenes are a ubiquitous and characteristic phase in the earliest veins throughout the Layered Series of the intrusion, and occur rarely in late veins that, in some places, crosscut the early veins. Associated secondary phases in early veins include amphiboles ranging in composition from actinolite to hornblende, together with biotite, Fe-Ti oxides and calcic plagioclase. Hydrothermal clinopyroxenes in late veins may be associated with actinolite, hornblende, biotite, magnetite and albite.Hydrothermal clinopyroxenes are depleted in Fe, Mg and minor elements, and enriched in Ca and Si relative to igneous augites in the Layered Series gabbros. Secondary vein pyroxenes are similar in composition to calcic pyroxenes from amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. Clinopyroxene solvus thermometry suggests minimum temperatures of equilibration of between 500° and 750° C. These temperatures, combined with numerical transport models of the intrusion, suggest that vein clinopyroxenes could have formed during 20,000 to 60,000 year time intervals associated with a maximum in the fluid flux through fractures in the Layered Series.     

Field characteristics of laterally emplaced dikes: Anatomy of an exhumed Miocene dike swarm in Reydarfjördur, eastern Iceland

Many dikes of the Tertiary Breiddalur dike swarm in Reydarfjördur have a great lateral extent but are vertically (upward and/or downward) discontinuous. Field relationships indicate that they are not the feeders of the lava pile they intrude. Their characteristics can be best interpreted as them constituting the fossil expression of lateral magma emplacement analogous to that occurring in the actively spreading Krafla volcanic center of the neovolcanic zone. Average dike thickness increases clearly with depth and the thickness versus depth relationship is different from that described for other Tertiary dike swarms in eastern Iceland. It is suggested that dikes represent the extent of finite spreading which at higher levels in the crust is expressed by fissures and other extensional structures.     

工准噶尔库布苏金矿床岩脉与金矿成因关系的研究

库布苏金矿床的三个金矿带均产于闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩内。为了研究这些岩脉与金矿的成因关系,测定了含金石英脉中英流体包裹体均一温度、成分、盐度和Ｈ２Ｏ的氢氧同位素,分析了含英脉和相关脉岩及围岩的稀土元素及微量元素,发现石英流体包裹体属有较高的均一温度、低盐度、富ＣＯ２的还原性流体,其阳离子组合为Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋或Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋,阴离子组合属Ｃｌ＾１〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉Ｆ＾－型,     

内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb定年及其地质意义

内蒙古大井矿床是我国北方一个重要的锡多金属矿床,矿区浅成-超浅成岩脉发育,并与矿脉密切共生。前人的年代学研究结果显示矿区岩脉与矿脉同属于燕山中晚期岩浆热液活动的产物,因此该矿床成因被定为与矿区次火山岩脉有关的热液脉型矿床。本文通过选取矿区分布最广,且与矿脉相伴出现的霏细岩脉和英安斑岩脉进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,结果表明两个英安斑岩脉样品DJ-7和YX-20的形成年龄分别为240±1Ma和239±1Ma,而霏细岩脉样品DJ-1的形成年龄为162±1Ma。因此,矿区岩脉至少形成于两个不同时代,即印支早期和燕山中期。结合前人在区域上的研究成果分析,认为英安斑岩脉和霏细岩脉形成的构造背景分别为同造山-后造山转换阶段和造山后的伸展阶段。因为该矿床的成矿年龄可以确定在140Ma左右,所以本文认为矿区岩脉的形成与矿床的形成并无直接关系,只是为后者提供了有利的就位空间。     

Origin of composite dikes in the Gouldsboro granite, coastal Maine

Composite dikes, consisting of aphyric basaltic margins and phenocryst-rich rhyolitic interiors, cut the Gouldsboro granite of coastal Maine at many localities. Limited hybridization (exchange of crystals, commingling, and mixing) occurs in most of the dikes and indicates that the two magmas were contemporaneous with emplacement of rhyolitic magma following closely in time the initial emplacement of the basaltic dike. Petrographic characteristics and geochemistry indicate that the source of the rhyolite was resident magma in the Gouldsboro granite magma chamber. The composite dikes formed when basaltic dikes ruptured the Gouldsboro magma chamber, permitting partly crystallized magma from the margin of the chamber to flow outward into the center of the basaltic dikes. Field relations of similar composite dikes in other areas (e.g., Iceland, Scotland) are consistent with this model. A second type of composite dike (silicic margins with chilled basaltic pillows) commonly cuts mafic intrusions along the Maine coast and probably formed when a granitic dike ruptured an established chamber of mafic magma, permitting resident mafic magma to collapse downward into the still Liquid granitic dike. Most composite dikes have probably formed when a magma chamber was disrupted by a dike of contrasting magma rather than by tapping a stratified magma chamber.     

Passive kimberlite intrusion into actively dilating dyke–fracture arrays: evidence from fibrous calcite veins and extensional fracture cleavage

Calcite veins are invariably associated with en-echelon kimberlite dyke–fracture arrays. A detailed microstructural study of veining indicates four vein types. Type I stretched or ataxial veins are defined by high aspect ratio calcite fibers that are crystallographically continuous with calcite of the kimberlite matrix wall rock, by elongated phenocrystic phlogopite with sharp crystal terminations centered on contacts between adjacent calcite fibers and by phenocrystic phlogopite that grows or extends across these veins. Type I vein mineralogy indicates syn-dilational crystallization of vein minerals in local tensional areas within the kimberlite. Vein Types II (stretched to syntaxial elongate-blocky) and III (antitaxial) indicate late crystallization vein mineral growth during subsequent or repeated dilation. Calcite fibers in Type I to Type III veins are orthogonal to the contacts of their host dykes regardless of the orientation of vein margins. Type IV calcite veins, with blocky or mosaic/polycrystalline textures, are attributed to minor post-intrusion extension, which was potentially accompanied by repeated kimberlite intrusion within a given dyke array. Syn-crystallization/syn-intrusion Type I veins and an ubiquitous dyke-parallel fracture cleavage, in a zone up to 4 m on either side of dyke contacts, suggest that en-echelon kimberlite dyke–fracture arrays occupied the approximate center of zones of active dilation within the brittle carapace of the upper crust. Type II and III veins indicate that extension or dilation continued, independently of an occupying kimberlite fluid phase, after initial intrusion. Arrested mobile hydrofracturing, under low differential stress within the upper brittle or seismic carapace of the continental crust, followed by repeated dilation of the dyke–fracture system, is proposed as a mechanism for producing the features observed in this study. The conditions constrained in this study indicate passive dyke intrusion into dilating fracture arrays during crustal extension.     

Conditions of crystallization,composition, and sources of rare-metal magmas forming ongonites in the Kalba—Narym zone,Eastern Kazakhstan

This paper presents a study of ongonites from the Chechek and Akhmirovo dike belts located within the Kalba—Narym batholith in Eastern Kazakhstan. The obtained conclusions are based on the investigations of melt and fluid inclusion in quartz phenocrysts, supplemented by mineralogical and geochemical data. It was established that the dike rocks were formed by crystallization of volatile-rich rare-metal melts in the presence of an aqueous fluid phase with subordinate amounts of carbon dioxide and methane. The ongonites crystallized from three geochemically different melts. Porphyritic phenocrysts in the ongonites of the Chechek and Akhmirovo dike belts crystallized at close temperatures 560–605°C and pressure of 3.6–5.3 kbar. Ongonite magmas that formed the Chechek and Akhmirovo dike belts had a high ore potential. However, degassing dynamics was not favorable for the development of metasomatism and formation of hydrothermal mineralization at the level of dike emplacement. The area of the rare-metal magmatism represented by ongonite dikes and rare-metal granite pegmatites has been distinguished in the northern part of the Kalba—Narym zone. The formation of rare-metal magmas was related to the differentiation in large granitoid chambers under the effect of juvenile fluids derived from the Tarim mantle plume.     

Evolution of stress fields in the Por’ya Guba dike field (Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea)

The tectonic evolution of the Por’ya Guba segment of the White Sea Rift System began in the late Paleoproterozoic, i.e., soon after completion of the Svecofennian collision. The fracture system that controlled localization of the lamproite dike complex was formed under conditions of horizontal compression combined with shear. Subsequently, this system predetermined the location of a rift-graben segment that formed as a result of simple shear. The reactivation of the rift system in the Middle Paleozoic proceeded in two stages. The first stage, when strike-slip movements along previously formed faults predominated, resulted in formation of quartz-carbonate veins bearing base-metal mineralization. The veins that filled the shear fractures opened owing to local reorientation of the stress field. The second stage fitted the transtension conditions, and the Late Devonian alkaline ultramafic dikes of this stage introded into the already existing fracture system, which was oriented at a roughly right angle to the predominant stress orientation.     

Differentiation of the Cuthbert Lake ultramafic dikes and related mafic dikes

In the Cuthbert Lake region of north-central Manitoba, northeasterly trending ultramafic-mafic dikes, part of the Molson dike swarm, show a range of composition from gabbro to olivine-hornblende pyroxenite to hornblende peridotite. The major dike which is ultramafic in composition is 60 m thick. Olivine and chromian spinel were the earliest cumulus phases formed in a subcrustal magma chamber before the emplacement of the dikes. Orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene were formed following emplacement at about 1120° C. Plagioclase and hornblende were the latest phases to crystallize from the intercumulus melt. Mineralogical and chemical variations across the major dike are interpreted to have resulted from flow differentiation of multiple injections of magma carrying suspended olivine crystals. Olivine phenocrysts changed their compositions from about Fo₈₇ to values ranging from Fo₈₀to Fo₇₃ as a function of the amount of intercumulus melt. The composition of this melt is estimated to have been basaltic. A mafic dike, about 10 m thick and occurring about 20 m away from the main ultramafic dike, is believed to have been formed from magmas that were tapped from an upper layer overlying the olivine-rich zone in a subcrustal magma chamber. Separation must have occurred when clinopyroxene and plagioclase appeared on the liquidus.Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 36486     

金川含矿超镁铁岩侵入体侵位序列

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是世界第三大镍矿床,但其成岩成矿过程及侵位机制一直存在较大争论。根据金川含矿超镁铁岩岩石学特征、穿插关系、矿物成分及地球化学特征,提出了金川含矿岩体5阶段的成岩、成矿侵位序列,它们分别是:(1)超镁铁质岩浆侵位;(2)浸染状硫化物矿浆侵位;(3)网状硫化物矿浆侵位;(4)块状硫化物矿浆侵位;(5)铂钯富集体侵位。金川铜镍(铂)矿床中Ni,Cu,Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Ru,及Co与S呈正相关关系;当ω(S)=5%～15%时,铂族元素发生明显的分离作用,铂族金属主要富集在铂钯富集体中。铂钯富集体是硫化物矿浆经单硫化物固溶体结晶后的残余熔浆;块状矿石是单硫化物固溶体堆积而成的产物。金川铜镍硫化物矿床的侵位机制为岩墙型岩浆通道。     

四川大岩子铂-钯矿床(点)热液成矿的地球化学证据

大岩子铂-钯矿区的岩石有白云岩、辉石岩脉、辉绿岩脉,矿体赋存在构造蚀变破碎带中,以外接触带的白云岩一侧为主,次为内接触带的辉石岩,矿石类型有矿化白云岩和矿化辉石岩两种类型。通过对含矿白云岩、含矿辉石岩、断层泥及辉绿岩的地球化学特征研究,认为大岩子矿床先后经历超基性岩浆的侵入,即形成辉石岩脉;基性岩浆的侵入,即形成辉绿岩脉;富含Pt、Pd的岩浆期后热液活动,即形成以Pt、Pd为丰、富含As、Cu、Sb、Ag、Cd的热液矿床,其中Pt、Pd的富集成矿主要与热液活动有关。     

豫南灵山岩体铀矿化特征

地处豫南的灵山岩体,分布着丰富的矿产资源。笔者以灵山岩体铀矿化分布特征为切入点,阐述灵山岩体铀矿化特征。该岩体铀矿化受构造、裂隙的控制,有利成矿部位在岩体中构造带与脉岩相交复合部位,矿化富集地段多含铁质、锰质和泥质,且热液蚀变发育。铀源来自岩体。具有4种矿化类型。总结其矿化特征,对豫南新县岩体、商城岩体的找矿具有一定指导意义。