福建沿海全新世相对海平面变化:地质记录与“冰川?水均衡调整”模拟对比

重建高质量的全新世相对海平面变化曲线,可为海岸带人类社会科学预测及应对未来海平面上升风险提供重要的地质历史依据和长时间尺度的数据参考。目前已发表了多条福建海岸带全新世相对海平面变化曲线,然而已有曲线反映的相对海平面变化历史存在较大差异,甚至是矛盾结果。同时,相对海平面长期变化机制及影响因素也不明确。本研究收集、整理了福建沿海已发表的全新世相对海平面数据,对已有数据的年代、高程、指示意义等属性信息进行重新检查和校正,根据国际方法体系,建立了该区域一个标准化的全新世“相对海平面数据库”,共包括海平面数据183个。在此基础上,采用“变量误差–综合高斯（EIV-IGP）”统计学模型,提出了一条新的福建沿海全新世相对海平面变化曲线。并应用“冰川–水均衡调整”（GIA）理论,开展了相对海平面变化GIA模拟。最后,综合相对海平面变化地质记录及GIA模拟结果,得出以下结论:（1）福建沿海距今11.28～7.08 cal ka,相对海平面由（–23.55±6.94）m快速连续上升至（–1.51±1.80）m;距今7.08～4.08 cal ka,相对海平面由（–1.51±1.80）m缓慢上升至约（1.09±1.38）m;距今3.48 cal ka前后,相对海平面高于现代海平面约（1.35±1.23）m;此后,波动下降并逐渐接近现代位置;（2）“冰川–水均衡调整”作用是福建全新世相对海平面变化的主要长期作用机制;距今11.28～7.00 cal ka,相对海平面变化主要受冰盖融水控制;距今7.00 cal ka以来,“水均衡调整”作用逐渐占据主导;（3）福建沿海中–晚全新世（距今6.75～0.16 cal ka）期间,存在高于现今海面位置的“高海平面”现象;不同于传统构造运动主导观点,研究认为GIA引起的“陆地掀斜”和“海洋虹吸”作用,可能是该区域“高海平面”现象产生的主要原因;（4）福建沿海全新世相对海平面变化,存在一定程度的空间差异。不同岸段之间的沉积物压实、差异性构造运动和潮差变化等非GIA因素,可能是这一现象产生的重要原因。     

台湾海峡晚更新世以来的高分辨率地震地层学研究

基于4 530 km高分辨率单道地震数据和钻孔资料,采用高分辨率地震地层学的方法,对台湾海峡晚更新世以来的地层进行了划分,自上而下共识别出R₀、R₁、R₂、R₃、R₄等5个主要反射界面,分别对应海底、3 ka BP前后高海平面、最大海泛面、海侵面和 Ⅰ 型层序界面,并以此划分出4个地层单元:晚全新世浅海-滨海沉积A,中全新世浅海沉积B,早全新世海侵沉积C,晚更新世陆相河流沉积D。在海平面变化的作用下,海峡地区先后发育低水位沉积D（低位体系域）,海侵沉积C （海侵体系域）、高水位沉积B和A（高位体系域）。研究了台湾海峡的典型地震相,提出了关于台中浅滩（云彰隆起）处的楔状沉积体的新观点,认为该楔状体为全新世中期以来形成的三角洲沉积受波浪和潮流作用改造而形成的潮流沙脊,其物质主要来源于台湾。识别出了晚更新世和早全新世古河道沉积,海平面变化和地势高低是其形成时间差异的主要因素。     

福建莆田忠门半岛全新世砂砾岩的成因与古环境意义

论述了福建省莆田县忠门乡苦鹅头村东南海岸一套全新世含生物碎屑的砂、砾岩的沉积特征、沉积环境及其对海平面变化的反映。砂、砾岩层可划分成上、下两段,具有不同的成因。下段（０￣２．６ｍ）为海滩沉积,形成于中全新世高海平面时期。上段（２．６￣８ｍ）是全新世晚期（约３￣２ｋａ ＢＰ）的风沙沉积,内部夹有两个弱土壤化层,表明在风沙沉积作用过程中有过两次短暂的气候波动。     

南黄海太阳沙西侧海域晚第四系地震层序和沉积环境演变

在南黄海太阳沙西侧潮流脊槽海域进行了密集网格的高分辨率浅地震勘探,测线间距主要为120 m和200 m。沉积物穿透厚度最大约80~90 m,划分为2个地震层序(SQ1和SQ2),细分为5个亚层(U1~U5)。位于下部的层序1(U1)为晚更新世陆相沉积,上部的层序2(U2~U5)以全新世海相沉积为主。根据地震相特征研究了各亚层的沉积环境,从晚更新世晚期以来,研究区经历了三角洲辫状河流—河流刻蚀—古河道充填—河口滨海—三角洲滨浅海—现代潮流脊槽的沉积环境演变过程。在早全新世中期,研究区发育了一条窄河口型潮流沙脊,并随海平面的快速上升而被掩埋。现代潮流沙脊形成于末次高海面后,与古潮流沙脊没有继承关系,与晚更新世古地形也没有关系,受控于潮流系统。     

福建沿海晚更新世以来的海平面变化

本文选择了六类７９个具有＾１４Ｃ年龄和准确高程的古海面标志物，按北，中，南三个岸段分别建立了三条相对海平面变化曲线，讨论了福建沿海晚更新世以来的海平面变化特征和规律，通过比较也分析了不同岸段新构造差异升降情况。     

福建沿海全新世海平面变化

本文通过对严格筛选的61个海平面标志物进行研究,建立了福建沿海3个岸段的全新世海平面曲线。结果表明,在全新世海进过程中,海平面有过多次波动并且在6100,3100和1800a,B.P.前左右形成3次海平面高峰,但其高度分别不超过+3m,+2m和+1m;3个岸段海平面波动总趋势一致,但海平面的高度和变动幅度存在差异:闽东北沿海6100a,B.P.前左右的高海面比3100a,B.P.前左右的为高,闽中沿海则相反,其6100a,B.P.前左右的高海面比3100a,B.P.前的为低。     

广西钦州湾晚全新世红树林演变及对海平面变化的响应

Mangroves, widely distributed along the coasts of tropical China, are influenced by Asia monsoon, relative sea level change and enhanced human activity. To predict the impacts of future climate change on mangrove ecosystems, it can be understood by reconstructing past mangrove dynamics using proxies preserved in coastal sediments. In this study, we quantitatively partitioned buried organic matter(OM) sources, collected from a vulnerable mangrove swamp in the Qinzhou Bay of northwestern South China Sea, using a ternary end-member mixing model of δ~(13)C and C:N values. Mangrove-derived OM(MOM) contribution was used as a tracer for mangrove development since 2.34 cal ka BP. This information, together with paleoclimate records(i.e.,speleothem δ~(18)O values, sea level change, grain size parameters) and human activity, was used to divide mangrove development into three stages during the late Holocene: relative flourish(2.34–1.13 cal ka BP), relative degradation(1.13–0.15 cal ka BP) and further degradation(0.15–0 cal ka BP). Before 1.13 cal ka BP, mangroves flourished with a high MOM contribution((88.9±10.6)%), corresponding to stable and high sea level under a warm and humid climate. After 1.13 cal ka BP, rapid fall in relative sea level coupled with the strengthening of the Asian winter monsoon, resulted in mangrove degradation and MOM reduction((62.4±18.9)%). Compared with air temperature and precipitation, the relative sea level fall was the main controlling factor in mangrove development before entering the Anthropocene(the time of the Industrial Revolution). After ～150 cal a BP, reclamation of mangrove swamps to shrimp ponds is the main factor causing mangrove degradation and MOM reduction.     

中国东海2万年来海平面变化分析

拟通过中国东海相对海平面与全球海平面对比分析,来获得东海构造沉降数据。但在对比分析的过程中发现,断裂作用对中国东海150m以深海域相对海平面的变化有重要影响。这种作用使东海150m以深海底至少下降了30m,这是我国学者先前误认为中国东海末次冰盛期最低海面位置位于现今海面下150～160m一带的主要原因。在此基础上,进一步对水与冰川重力均衡、沉积物压实和构造沉降作用进行了探讨。结果认为重力均衡不足、沉积物压实作用微弱,构造沉降是造成东海相对海平面与全球海面之间差异的又一重要原因。同时发现东海构造沉降随水深呈规律性变化。断裂作用的表现结果所赋予的更深层次的思考与认识是,在17kaB．P．以前,中国东海水深150～160m一带是1个相对隆起带,其存在对陆架区圈闭和捕获中国大陆古水系和沉积物具有重要意义。     

莱州湾东部滨海水域第四纪沉积及古地理特征

本文通过对６个钻孔和４６１ｋｍ浅层地震剖机测量获得的测年、微古、孢粉、藻类、古地磁以及岩持征和地震反射界面等资料的综合分析，将本区第四系划分为中更新统、上更新统和全新统，对各时期的沉积进行了较详细的阐述，并对不同时期的沉积相特征和古地理环境的变化进行了初步地揭示。     

Holocene sedimentation of a wave-dominated barrierisland shoreline: Cape Lookout, North Carolina

The sedimentary record of 130 km of microtidal (0.9 m tidal range) high wave energy (1.5 m average wave height) barrier island shoreline of the Cape Lookout cuspate foreland has been evaluated through examination of 3136 m of subsurface samples from closely spaced drill holes. Holocene sedimentation and coastal evolution has been a function of five major depositional processes: (1) eustatic sea-level rise and barrier-shoreline transgression; (2) lateral tidal inlet migration and reworking of barrier island deposits; (3) shoreface sedimentation and local barrier progradation; (4) storm washover deposition with infilling of shallow lagoons; and (5) flood-tidal delta sedimentation in back-barrier environments.

Twenty-five radiocarbon dates of subsurface peat and shell material from the Cape Lookout area are the basis for a late Holocene sea-level curve. From 9000 to 4000 B.P. eustatic sea level rose rapidly, resulting in landward migration of both barrier limbs of the cuspate foreland. A decline in the rate of sea-level rise since 4000 B.P. resulted in relative shoreline stabilization and deposition of contrasting coastal sedimentary sequences. The higher energy, storm-dominated northeast barrier limb (Core and Portsmouth Banks) has migrated landward producing a transgressive sequence of coarse-grained, horizontally bedded washover sands overlying burrowed to laminated back-barrier and lagoonal silty sands. Locally, ephemeral tidal inlets have reworked the transgressive barrier sequence depositing fining-upward spit platform and channel-fill sequences of cross-bedded, pebble gravel to fine sand and shell. Shoreface sedimentation along a portion of the lower energy, northwest barrier limb (Bogue Banks) has resulted in shoreline progradation and deposition of a coarsening-up sequence of burrowed to cross-bedded and laminated, fine-grained shoreface and foreshore sands. In contrast, the adjacent barrier island (Shackleford Banks) consists almost totally of inlet-fill sediments deposited by lateral tidal inlet migration. Holocene sediments in the shallow lagoons behind the barriers are 5–8 m thick fining-up sequences of interbedded burrowed, rooted and laminated flood-tidal delta, salt marsh, and washover sands, silts and clays.

While barrier island sequences are generally 10 m in thickness, inlet-fill sequences may be as much as 25 m thick and comprise an average of 35% of the Holocene sedimentary deposits. Tidal inlet-fill, back-barrier (including flood-tidal delta) and shoreface deposits are the most highly preservable facies in the wave-dominated barrier-shoreline setting. In the Cape Lookout cuspate foreland, these three facies account for over 80% of the sedimentary deposits preserved beneath the barriers. Foreshore, spit platform and overwash facies account for the remaining 20%.     

闽江口外海域晚第四纪地震层序和古河道演变

为了查明闽江口外海域晚第四纪地震地层特征,进行了高分辨率浅地震剖面调查,穿透的沉积物厚度最大约90m,划分为6个地震层序,自上向下为U1—U6。U1为全新世(海洋同位素阶段(marine isotope stage,MIS) 1期)海相沉积单元,U3为MIS 3期的滨浅海—河口相,U5为MIS 5期的滨浅海与河流交互相,在MIS 5.2和5.4亚期海平面下降超过15m,发育了河流沉积;U2和U4分别为MIS 2和MIS 4期的河流充填相,而U6为MIS 6期的陆相沉积单元。根据地震层序关系研究了埋藏古河道的断面和分布特征、发育年代、演变及原因等。在全新世初期(11.5ka BP)之前,古闽江呈SE向经研究区南部和海坛岛东面流入东海(台湾海峡北口),随着研究区上游地势不断淤高,在11.5ka BP之后发育了NE向经北部向海到达西引岛附近的古河流,至约9.2ka BP海平面上升到约-30m高度时,全部河流消失于海面之下,闽江最后一次退出研究区。在闽江口东面,埋藏古丘陵的中南部高于现海面下50m(-50m),受其阻挡未能发育向东直接入海的闽江古河道。本文的研究结果提供了研究区自MIS 6末期以来古河流发育和演变等方面的新认识和证据。     

Late Quaternary Seasonal Sea-Ice History of the Northeastern Japan Sea

The Late Quaternary sea-ice history of the northeastern Japan Sea is discussed on the basis of the occurrence of dropstones and ice-rafted debris (IRD) in fine sediment cores. IRD was found in all strata except those from the Holocene and oxygen isotope stage 5.5. The largest expansion of sea ice was recognized at the last glacial maximum (LGM; oxygen isotope stage 2), when the southern margin of seasonal sea ice was probably located in the vicinity of the Matsumae Plateau. The margin might occasionally have expanded further southward to off the Oga Peninsula. Sea ice expanded southward from mid-stage 5 to the LGM in response to global cooling, but with much fluctuation. Sea ice remained during deglaciation until around 10 ka, but after 10 ka it retreated northward rapidly in response to global warming and changes in surface water conditions. Greater fluctuations in IRD were found in core GH95-1208 collected from off Rumoi, Hokkaido, Japan. More IRD was found in sediments from late stage 3, late stage 5, and early stage 6. The fluctuations were not concordant with global climate changes (based on the standard oxygen isotope curve), and may have been controlled by regional climate factors such as the strength of the winter monsoon, which is related in turn to high-latitude atmospheric circulation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

尼罗河三角洲全新世海平面变动及其对环境的影响——与长江三角洲的对比

利用泥炭(33个)和潟湖(65个)14C测年数据重建了尼罗河三角洲全新世海平面的变动过程,结果显示潟湖样品比泥炭更为有效地反映出海平面变动特征:距今7000a时海平面约位于现今-10m,距今5000a时约为-5m,距离2000a时已接近现代.海侵强度和范围受古地貌和区域沉降的影响呈现出东北部大、中部其次、西部最小.随着海平面上升速率减小,三角洲在约距今7000a时开始建造,并广泛发育潟湖、沙坝和平原河流沉积体系.此后,海平面趋于稳定,人类活动增强,导致海岸沉积环境大片萎缩、消亡.同样利用泥炭(45个)测年数据重建了长江三角洲全新世海平面变动,结果与尼罗河的差异较大,可能是两地沉降差异所致.近代长江三角洲人类活动也是导致环境退化的主要原因.     

黄海南部陆区冰后期沉积环境的演变

研究区内全新统与上更新统间普遍发现沉积间断。晚更新世古地形呈东个完南向西北逐渐抬高的掀斜状。本文以李堡孔为例,讨论了全新统垂向层序,自下而上由滨海,河口海湾,近岸浅海和潮坪相组成,为一个完整的海浸海退层序。全新世海侵层受古地形及三角洲进积、主河道南偏影响,表现明显的水平相变。通过对区内十几个钻孔剖面的对比分析,揭示了垂向演替及水平相变的规律及其两者间的关系,恢复了全世以来沉积环境的演化过程。     

Contrasting facies patterns in subtropical and temperate continental slope sediments: inferences from east Australian late Quaternary records

Studies of latest Quaternary continental slope sediments at two localities on the east Australian margin have revealed markedly different responses to late Quaternary sea level fluctuations. Offshore of Noosa, in the sub-tropics, the sediment is predominantly a mixture of fine metastable carbonate, siliciclastic material, and pelagic carbonate. Important features of the stratigraphy include a siliciclastic-dominated facies deposited relatively slowly during the last glacial lowstand (sedimentation rate ≤8 cm/ka), and a calcareous facies, rich in metastable carbonate, deposited more rapidly during the late post-glacial transgression (sedimentation rates 15–24 cm/ka). Highstand and transgressive sedimentation rates are greater than lowstand rates by a factor of 2.5–6 due to increased shelf carbonate productivity after flooding of the mid-shelf. Off Sydney, in temperate latitudes, continental slope sediment is largely a mixture of fine siliciclastic material and pelagic carbonate. Mean sedimentation rates range from 2 to 5 cm/ka over the last four oxygen isotope stages, with mean glacial/interstadial rates higher than Holocene rates by a factor of ∼1.36. This largely reflects the transfer of siliciclastic mud from the shelf to the slope during sea level regression. In both localities, facies changes on the slope are not related to specific sea level states (e.g. lowstand facies, transgressive facies, etc.), but reflect instead the interaction of changing sea level with shelf morphology.     

闽江口外海域全新统地震地层学特征和沉积作用

本文采用高分辨率单道浅地震剖面资料研究闽江口外海域的全新统沉积作用。研究区的全新统底面为MIS 2期侵蚀面,局部为古河道,深度一般在现海面下约30～60 m,最深约65 m;近岸浅,外海深,局部受古河道的下切影响呈条带状负地形。全新统由早全新世晚期以来的海相沉积层(U1)和早全新世河流湖沼相沉积层(U2)组成,前者包括滨浅海平行地震相和河口滨岸前积地震相,根据其反射波向陆上超和向海下超底界面,结合沉积物厚度分布特征,可以判断主要的沉积物来源和运移趋势。全新统沉积层厚度一般为10～20 m,最厚约38 m,位于古河道区,但是在马祖列岛和白犬列岛之间海区缺失。海相全新统沉积层的厚度为数米至20 m,最厚约25 m,位于研究区东南部(海坛岛东侧)。自全新世海侵以来,沉积物主要来源于3部分:台湾海峡来沙为研究区南部海区提供了沉积物;闽江悬沙扩散沉积物覆盖研究区北部海区,主要沿NE方向至外海,在河口向南呈舌状,现代沉积中心位于河口北部,厚度大于15 m;浙闽沿岸流来沙对研究区东北部海区的沉积物有影响。沉积环境划分为台湾海峡源沉积区、闽江源沉积区、东北部混合沉积区和马祖-白犬沉积缺失区,平均沉积速...     

南黄海B10岩心的地球化学特征及其对古环境和古气候的反映

通过对南黄海中部B10岩心的碳酸钙、常量元素和微量元素分析发现,岩心的地球化学特征基本反映了该海区晚第四纪气候变化、海面波动以及沉积物供应的变化.在玉木亚间冰期(末次冰期亚间冰期)高海面时期,黄河可能直接注入南黄海,在南黄海中部发育水下三角洲沉积.晚玉木冰期(末次冰期盛冰期),南黄海出露成陆,局部发育陆相泥炭层.冰后期(全新世)海侵到达现今80 m等深线附近的时间大约在距今13 ka。在距今11.0～10.3 ka出现新仙女木事件.全新世中晚期海面进一步上升,沉积物粒度较细,化学风化作用加强.岩心50～0 cm段沉积物中的碳酸钙、氧化钙、锶、氧化镁含量及Sr/Ba比值低,而铜等微量元素含量增加,这可能与公元1855年黄河北迁后进入南黄海中部的黄河物质减少有关.     

Sedimentology and evolution of Omaro Spit,Coromandel Peninsula

The sedimentary structures, composition, and texture of sediments from the barrier coast complex (Matarangi Beach—Omaro Spit—Whangapoua Harbour) at Whangapoua, Coromandel Peninsula, are described. Sediments are mainly fine sands, rarely muddy or silty, and most are plagioclase feldsarenites, reflecting derivation from a predominantly Tertiary volcanic hinterland. Sediments from each of the modern environments, namely nearshore, foreshore, back‐shore, frontal dunes, tidal flats, and tidal channels, are characterised by a particular combination of sedimentary structures and subtle textural parameters. Dune ridge and barrier flat paleoenvironments on Omaro Spit were successfully identified by comparing their lithologic properties with the modern sediments. ‘Surficial’ sediments of the well‐preserved dune ridge system developed immediately inland from Matarangi Beach closely resemble those in the modern frontal dunes, and the ‘in depth’ dune ridge sediments are more analogous to the present foreshore sands. The barrier flat deposits separating the dune ridge system from Whangapoua Harbour have similar characteristics to the modern tidal flat sediments in the harbour.

Omaro Spit probably began as an offshore bar across the mouth of Whangapoua Harbour, an embayment formed by the post‐glacial drowning of a Late Tertiary dislocated fault‐block. Tidal flat sedimentation within the harbour formed the ancient barrier flat deposits which rise to at least 2 m above the modern harbour flats, suggesting local sea level at the time was higher than at present. During a subsequent cyclic fall in sea level, supratidal aeolian deposition led to a succession of 15 to 18 parallel dune ridges developed on high‐tide berms. Linear regression analyses of dune ridge and swale heights and the height distribution of positive (aeolian) and negative (beach foreshore) skewness values and of contrasting sedimentary structures in dune ridgL paleosediments, together with the stages in dune soil development across the barrier, suggest initial sedimentation occurred from 4000–5000 years ago when local sea level was 2–3 m above present mean high water level. Barrier progradation was interrupted by an important period of coastal erosion during a temporary rise in sea level immediately before deposition in the dune ridge system of a layer of 2000‐year‐old sea‐rafted Leigh Pumice. Sea level probably reached its modern position at Whangapoua about 1000 years ago, since when some evidence suggests the barrier spit may have experienced minor uplift.     

北部湾广西沿岸全新世海侵过程的区域差异

通过分析北部湾广西沿岸3个地质钻孔的岩性、地球化学和有孔虫含量特征,确定了其沉积相序,在统一的高程坐标内,对各钻地层中沉积相的高程和年代进行了对比,分析了该区全新世以来海侵过程的区域差异;并以东亚全新世海平面波动曲线作为参照,估算了广西沿岸各主要海湾的构造沉降速度。研究表明:全新世以来,广西沿岸的海侵开始时间并不一致,这是由于各海湾构造沉降运动的区域差异造成的,东部的廉州湾构造基本稳定,而廉州湾以西则经历了较大幅度的构造沉降。构造沉降又导致了海平面波动过程的区域差异,进而影响到了地层形成,如海陆过度相沉积只发育于廉州湾以西遭受海侵时间较晚、相对海平面上升速度较低的区域。     

南黄海辐射状沙脊成因的沉积动力学研究

自南黄海辐射状沙脊被发现，尤其是江苏省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查揭示了其全貌，并同时测得辐射状沙脊区存在辐射状潮流场(任美愕，1986)以来，对南黄海辐射状沙脊的成因，主要包括其形成的水动力条件、物质来源、形成机理与形成过程等，本领域学术界一直存在争论1)(李从先等，1979；任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；周长振等，1981；万延森，1982；刘振夏，1983；刘振夏等，1983，1995；耿秀山等，1983；夏东兴等，1984；夏综万等，1984；杨长恕，1985；黄易畅等，1987；张光威，1991；赵松龄，1991；朱大奎等，1993；杨治家等，1995；朱玉荣等，1995，1997；张东生等，1996；李从先等，1997)。 南黄海辐射状沙脊的形成机理及形成过程是与其形成的水动力条件、物质来源紧密联系在一起的。持该区的辐射状潮流场是受海底地形与(或)局部弶港海湾形态控制而形成观点的学者，多认为辐射状潮流场形成的同时或之后会反作用于海底地形，逐渐将海底地形改造成辐射状沙脊1)(任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；万延森，1982；张光威，1991)，并且认为辐射状沙脊的形成需要几千年的时间1)，或是一个历史过程(李成治等，1981)，或经过最近一百多年的改造而形成(万延森，1982)，或形成于距今4000年前以来(张光威，1991)。这种观点的本质在于认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由海底地形的初始辐射状形态决定的，辐射状潮流场的作用在于使具初始辐射状形态的海底地形的辐射状形式更好，即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊辐射状形态的形成不起决定作用。认为辐射状潮流场是由东海传入黄海的前进潮波与山东半岛南部的旋转潮波相交汇而形成，并且认为辐射状潮流场有可能自全新世海侵影响本区，或自7000年前以来就一直存在(对古海岸时辐射状潮流场存在的认识只是推测，尚缺乏证据)的学者，多认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由该区潮流场的辐射状形态决定的(周长振等，1981；刘振夏,1983；夏综万等,1984；杨长恕,1985；黄易畅等，1987；朱大奎等,1993；朱玉荣等，1995，1997),即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态起决定作用。这两种观点根本对立。