川东北下侏罗统大安寨段陆相页岩方解石成因

为分析陆相页岩中方解石的成因及其对储层的影响,以四川盆地下侏罗统大安寨段的介壳泥岩与灰岩夹层为主要研究对象,利用X-射线衍射、普通薄片、岩芯观察、阴极发光及电子探针测试手段,识别出文石转化方解石、胶结物方解石和重结晶作用形成的方解石.在同生期和成岩早期,生物介壳中的文石转化为泥晶无铁方解石,阴极发光为橙黄色.成岩早期,...     

四川盆地高峰场地区上二叠统吴家坪组页岩石英成因研究北大核心CSCD

高峰场地区上二叠统发育吴家坪组黑色页岩,为四川盆地页岩气勘探的新层系,但是吴家坪组页岩中石英的形成机制尚不清楚,影响到该层系储气潜力等的评价。本次研究利用X衍射分析、扫描电镜、主微量元素、稀土元素、能谱分析等手段,对川东高峰场地区吴家坪组页岩的石英成因进行深入解剖。研究认为,在该地区吴家坪组页岩主要发育的黏土质页岩、硅质页岩和混合质页岩三种岩相类型,识别出了陆源石英、生物成因石英和成岩转化过程中形成的石英三种类型,不同岩相中石英的成因类型存在差异。黏土质页岩中,石英含量与TOC,Ba(bio)无相关性,SiO_(2)与Zr呈正相关性,表明陆源石英是黏土质页岩中最主要的石英成因类型;混合质页岩中,石英含量与TOC,Ba(bio)具有一定相关性,且SiO_(2)与Zr呈正相关关系,表明具有陆源石英和生物成因石英的复合类型。在硅质页岩中,石英含量与TOC,Ba(bio)具有一定相关性,且SiO_(2)与Zr呈负相关关系,表明生物成因石英为其主要石英类型。从而厘清了岩相与石英成因的耦合机制,并建立相应的模式图。     

石英矿物类型及其对页岩气富集开采的控制:以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组为例

页岩矿物组成控制着页岩的储层类型和岩石力学性质,并影响着页岩气的富集和开发.为了分析不同类型石英矿物的纵向变化特征及其对页岩气富集开采的控制作用,以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组WF2-LM4和LM5-LM8两个笔石带页岩为主要研究对象,利用普通薄片观察、扫描电镜、矿物成岩世代关系、能谱分析等手段,识别出陆源碎屑石英、生物成因石英和黏土矿物转化过程中形成的3种石英类型.结果表明不同的页岩层段,3种成因的石英含量不同.生物成因石英在WF2-LM4笔石带页岩最为富集,向上到LM5-LM8笔石带页岩逐渐减少.在WF2-LM4笔石带页岩,生物成因石英与有机碳含量呈明显的正相关性,有利于页岩优质储层的形成,对页岩储层的压裂改造具有积极作用,实现了页岩赋气和改造的有机统一.研究认为四川盆地及其周缘地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段下部黑色页岩（WF2-LM4笔石带页岩）具有生物成因石英含量高,页岩生烃、储集能力和可压裂性最优的特点,是页岩气富集开采的有利层段.      

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩自生长英质矿物的成因机理及其储层改造意义

玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组是近几年准噶尔盆地页岩油接替的主攻领域,但其页岩成岩改造强烈,原始岩性归属尚不明确。X射线粉晶衍射测得风城组页岩黏土矿物含量普遍较低（<10%）,长英质矿物含量较高（60%~80%）。薄片分析发现风城组长英质页岩存在三种类型：① 粉砂级（4~63 μm）长石和石英碎屑含量丰富,为典型的粉砂岩;② 燧石条带和团块发育,为富硅页岩;③ 长英质基质发育,呈非碎屑状,且火山尘及火山玻璃少见,其矿物组成和形态与典型的黏土岩、粉砂岩及沉凝灰岩明显不同。背散射图像和高精度扫描电镜测得该长英质基质由碎屑和自生石英、钾长石和钠长石共同组成,可见黏土矿物、碎屑钾长石和钠长石向自生石英转化,碎屑钾长石向自生钠长石转化。通过调研全球中新生代碱湖沉积中自生硅酸盐矿物组合特征和成岩演化规律,探讨了二叠系风城组“贫”黏土矿物和“富”自生长英质矿物的原因,并提出风城组发育一类“改造长英质页岩”,主要由原始黏土和长石碎屑矿物和火山物质经过多期成岩改造而成。早期高碱（pH>9）沉积和成岩环境增加了SiO2溶解度和元素铝的活性,导致黏土矿物、泥级—细粉砂级长英质碎屑、火山灰等在入湖后发生“溶解、转化”,形成次稳定的硅酸盐矿物,如沸石和含镁蒙皂石,在经历漫长埋藏成岩后进一步转化为更为稳定的石英、钾长石和钠长石。碱湖页岩的成岩改造过程消耗了黏土矿物和火山灰,极大增加了页岩脆性,同时伴生了大量基质溶孔和晶间孔,是一类优质的页岩储层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组泥页岩储层SiO2赋存状态研究

鄂尔多斯盆地泥页岩储层纯页岩段黏土矿物含量高,储集空间体积小。因此,黏土矿物转化释放的二氧化硅缺乏足够的空间,不能生长成自生石英,只能以非晶态存在于黏土矿物之间;而其粉砂质泥岩夹层中常见微米级孔洞。孔洞由长石溶蚀和黏土矿物转化形成,内部则发育晶形完好的自生石英、绿泥石及含铁方解石。此外,粉砂质泥岩的碎屑颗粒间常发育结块状非晶态二氧化硅,碎屑石英颗粒周围则以次生加大边的形式发育粒状和席状(或片状)非晶态二氧化硅。二氧化硅主要来源于黏土矿物转化与石英碎屑颗粒溶蚀。     

陆相细粒岩储层质量的控制因素——以四川盆地下侏罗统为例

陆相细粒岩储层与海相细粒岩储层在物质组成、沉积环境方面差别较大,储层质量影响因素也不尽相同。以四川盆地下侏罗统为例,利用X射线衍射、氦气法测孔渗、元素地球化学、有机地化分析、扫描电镜等多种实验测试手段,分析陆相细粒岩组成成分、储层物性特征和空间类型,探讨陆相细粒岩储层质量的主控因素。研究认为,四川盆地下侏罗统细粒岩的主要组成矿物为黏土矿物、石英、碳酸盐矿物。黏土矿物与石英普遍含量较高,碳酸盐矿物局部富集。陆相细粒岩层段主要由5种岩石类型组成,包括页岩、介壳泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩和介壳灰岩。页岩与介壳泥岩有机质含量较高,物性较好,可作为良好的页岩气储层。陆相细粒岩储层的储集空间主要为黏土矿物片间孔和微裂缝。储层质量主要受沉积环境和成岩作用的影响,与组成成分关系较小。半深湖控制富有机质细粒岩的分布。还原、低盐度、潮湿、物源充足的沉积环境有利于细粒岩孔隙空间的发育,为储层的形成提供物质基础。黏土矿物片间孔在超压作用下保存下来,为页岩气富集提供了储集空间。     

川南长宁地区下古生界五峰组—龙马溪组一段页岩岩相与含气性特征

页岩岩相的研究是页岩气地质评价与选层的基础性工作。本文以四川盆地长宁地区五峰组—龙马溪组一段为研究对象,利用露头、钻井和测井资料,结合岩矿、薄片和地球化学数据分析,对页岩的矿物组成、岩相特征及其对含气性的影响进行了系统研究,确定有利岩相,刻画长宁地区页岩岩相的空间分布特征。研究表明：该区共发育黏土质硅质混合页岩、混合质页岩、硅质页岩、钙质硅质混合页岩和钙质页岩等5种岩相;纵向上,由下至上碳酸盐岩矿物体积分数逐渐降低,黏土矿物体积分数逐渐增加,岩相呈钙质硅质混合页岩—硅质页岩—黏土质硅质混合页岩过渡。研究区的沉降中心位于长宁地区东北部,在横向上硅质页岩岩相的厚度表现为由西南至东北呈增大的趋势。硅质页岩具有高生物成因φ(硅质)、高w(TOC)、高脆性及高孔隙结构参数等特征,因此含气性最好;而黏土质硅质混合页岩中黏土矿物虽能通过成岩转化生成次生孔隙,但其塑性较高,孔隙受压实作用难以保存。此外,较高的塑性导致页岩裂缝不发育,进一步降低了储层物性,黏土质硅质混合页岩含气性较差。     

四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气储层石英类型与特征

为了解页岩气储层石英类型和特征,以四川盆地龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,对样品进行了薄片观察、氩离子抛光-场发射环境扫描电镜观察、能谱分析、X-射线衍射分析、有机碳含量测试。结果表明,龙马溪组页岩石英含量在23%～83%之间,平均值为52%。根据成因,可分为5类:陆源碎屑石英、生物骨骼相关石英、沉积期-成岩早期混合石英、成岩期自生石英和裂缝中石英脉。石英含量与有机碳含量成正相关,其中有机石英在还原环境下能更好地指示有机质的发育情况。有机石英是指保留有软体并演化成干酪根的生物骨骼石英、交代生物骨架石英和与沥青伴生石英。与沥青伴生石英堆积在页岩原生孔隙中,降低了储层的孔隙度,但在一定程度上抑制了后期成岩作用,为沥青的充注保留了空间,且石英与沥青之间发育的缝隙与有机孔一起形成连通的孔隙网络。     

泥质岩成岩系统过程及其对SiO_2赋存状态的制约——以渝东南地区龙马溪组为例

SiO_2的赋存状态对页岩气开发具有重要意义,其成因机制与成岩系统具有密切关系。综合利用野外露头、钻井岩心等资料,采用X-射线衍射分析、阴极发光、扫描电镜及能谱分析等分析手段,系统研究了渝东南龙马溪组页岩成岩系统主控因素、成岩过程模型及成岩系统过程对SiO_2赋存状态的影响。渝东南地区龙马溪组页岩成岩现象丰富,成岩系统过程也相当复杂;早期成岩主控因素受沉积机制影响较大,中后期受成岩机制制约,晚期主要受到构造机制的影响;后期构造运动使得页岩成岩系统具有明显的阶段性特征,喜山期页岩地层的大幅度隆升,不仅使页岩与外界系统连通性加强,溶蚀作用和微裂缝变得发育,还导致页岩储层物性、有机质生烃演化、油气保存条件等发生了明显的变化;在成岩演化不同阶段,不同的化学流体特征制约着页岩中硅质成因,页岩中SiO_2赋存状态在早期主要以陆源石英及蛋白石为主,中后期以微晶自生石英为主,晚期在石英脉体中发育中—粗晶石英。     

四川盆地海相页岩成岩脆化及隐伏缝网研究

四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩具有良好的脆性,页岩经过压裂后可以产生复杂缝网,并成为页岩气产出的有效渗流通道。通过扫描电镜、电子探针和阴极发光等实验,分析了页岩矿物组成、光谱特征等;同时分析了页岩成岩演化过程,发现了海相页岩脆性形成的地质过程,并提出了页岩发生自生脆化的作用机制。研究认为富含有机质的页岩,在向中、高成熟的成岩演化过程中就会发生自生脆化作用,蒙脱石向伊利石转化的过程会产生自生石英,从而提高了页岩的脆性,并形成隐伏性的网状结构,这为后期改造提供了基础。     

Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian organic-rich Cline Shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin,Texas: Implications for silica diagenesis,porosity evolution and rock mechanical properties

The origin and form of quartz in mudrocks has significant implications for interpretation of depositional environments, diagenetic pathways, mechanisms of porosity reduction and rock mechanical-property evolution. Quartz types in the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, Texas, were examined using a combination of field-emission scanning electron microscopy-based energy-dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping (to determine mineralogy) and scanning electron microscopy-based cathodoluminescence imaging (to determine quartz types) with the goal of elucidating a high-resolution imaging protocol at the micrometre scale for shale petrology. Also, the unconfined compressive rock strength of shale samples with contrasting proportions of different quartz types was measured using Equotip Bambino analyses. The results suggest that extrabasinal detrital quartz, which accounts for an average of 26 vol.% of the rock in all analyzed samples, is the dominant form of quartz in the Cline Shale. The intergranular clay-size microquartz, which accounts for an average of 10 vol.% of the rock in all analyzed samples, is the dominant form of authigenic quartz. Dissolved radiolarians and sponge spicules are likely sources of silica for clay-size microquartz and other authigenic quartz showing pale-mauve to dark greyish cathodoluminescence colour. Some authigenic quartz in the form of intragranular pore filling and mollusc skeletal replacement displays bright-reddish cathodoluminescence colour, which may be associated with silica released at a different time in the rock's diagenetic history, such as during smectite illitization. Porosity reduction in the Cline Shale predominantly resulted from compaction because of extremely low intergranular volume and the general lack of early cementation. Quartz form significantly impacts rock mechanical properties in the Cline Shale: widely distributed intergranular clay-size microquartz cement is a major factor controlling rock strength. This correlation also applies to other mudrock successions of various geological ages, tectonic histories and lithologies.     

Diagenetic mineral development within the Upper Jurassic Haynesville-Bossier Shale,USA

Despite recent advances, diagenetic processes in fine-grained sediments are still relatively poorly understood. Key questions still to be resolved include the types of diagenetic minerals present in mudstones and the extent of element mobility in these low permeability systems. This study utilizes data from the Haynesville-Bossier Shale, USA, to analyze lithologies, discriminate authigenic phases and identify mobile elements during diagenesis. It has implications for understanding how authigenic minerals develop and the sources of those authigenic minerals in fine-grained sediments. On the basis of grain-size and mineralogy five lithologies are designated: (i) silica-rich argillaceous mudstones; (ii) argillaceous siliceous mudstones; (iii) mixed siliceous mudstones; (iv) mixed mudstones; and (v) authigenically-dominated mudstones. The diagenetic development of the Haynesville-Bossier Shale can be divided into early and late diagenesis. Ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite, framboidal pyrite and bioclast pore-filling kaolinite and calcite grain replacements and cements all formed during early diagenesis. Late diagenetic mineral phases include illite formed by the illitization of smectite, replacive and displacive chlorite, calcite-replacive albite, quartz-replacive calcite and replacive and/or displacive quartz. The presence of extensive late diagenetic mineral precipitates indicates that there was a degree of element mobility on at least the local scale. Aluminium present in albite is most likely to have resulted from the illitization of smectite. Quartz overgrowths probably resulted from illitization and the pressure dissolution at quartz silt grain boundaries. Externally, hydrothermal fluids resulting from regional-scale igneous activity appear to have played a role in the formation of chlorite and possibly albite. The work indicates that extensive mineral development and element mobility occurred during late diagenesis.     

上扬子区下寒武统海相页岩岩相类型及沉积模式

上扬子区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩是我国南方地区页岩气重要勘探层系之一。通过露头、岩心、薄片、实验测试等资料综合分析,识别了该套页岩岩相类型及相关沉积作用方式,在水体氧化还原条件演变规律分析基础上总结了其沉积演化模式。牛蹄塘组页岩共包含6类岩相：富有机质硅质页岩、含粉砂硅质页岩、粉砂质页岩、黏土质页岩、泥质钙质页岩及粉砂质钙质页岩,主要体现为5种沉积作用方式：砂质机械沉积、钙质化学沉积、硅质生物沉积、泥质絮凝沉积及底流改造沉积。从底到顶,该套页岩表现为一套水体变浅的进积型演化序列,水体还原程度减弱,有机质保存条件变差。牛蹄塘组下段沉积期,盆地相区和陆棚相区分别以硅质生物沉积和钙质化学沉积为主,主体岩相类型为硅质页岩和钙质页岩;上段沉积期,盆地相区和陆棚相区分别以泥质絮凝沉积和砂质机械沉积为主,主体岩相类型为黏土质页岩和粉砂质混合质页岩。提出的牛蹄塘组页岩岩相发育模式及沉积演化规律能为研究区优质页岩的分布预测及页岩气勘探选区评价提供理论依据。     

Chert spheroids of the Monterey Formation,California (USA): early‐diagenetic structures of bedded siliceous deposits

Chert spheroids are distinctive, early‐diagenetic features that occur in bedded siliceous deposits spanning the Phanerozoic. These features are distinct in structure and genesis from similar, concentrically banded ‘wood‐grain’ or ‘onion‐skin’ chert nodules from carbonate successions. In the Miocene Monterey Formation of California (USA), chert spheroids are irregular, concentrically banded nodules, which formed by a unique version of brittle differential compaction that results from the contrasting physical properties of chert and diatomite. During shortening, there is brittle fracture of diatomite around, and horizontally away from, the convex surface of strain‐resistant chert nodules. Unlike most older siliceous deposits, the Monterey Formation still preserves all stages of silica diagenesis, thus retaining textural, mineralogical and geochemical features key to unravelling the origin of chert spheroids and other enigmatic chert structures. Chert spheroids found in opal‐A diatomite form individual nodules composed of alternating bands of impure opal‐CT chert and pure opal‐CT or chalcedony. With increased burial diagenesis, surrounding diatomite transforms to bedded porcelanite or chert, and spheroids no longer form discrete nodules, yet still display characteristic concentric bands of pure and impure microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony. Petrographic observations show that the purer silica bands are composed of void‐filling cement that precipitated in curved dilational fractures, and do not reflect geochemical growth‐banding in the manner of Liesegang phenomena invoked to explain concentrically banded chert nodules in limestone. Chertification of bedded siliceous sediment can occur more shallowly (< 100 m) and rapidly (< 1 Myr) than the bulk silica phase transitions forming porcelanite or siliceous shale in the Monterey Formation and other hemipelagic/pelagic siliceous deposits. Early diagenesis is indicated by physical properties, deformational style and oxygen‐isotopic composition of chert spheroids. Early‐formed cherts formed by pore‐filling impregnation of the purest primary diatomaceous beds, along permeable fractures and in calcareous–siliceous strata.     

上扬子地区五峰组-龙马溪组主要地质事件及岩相沉积响应

上扬子地区广泛发育上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组富有机质页岩,前人研究较少涉及其岩相类型和沉积过程对主要地质事件的响应.细粒沉积物高精度层序地层学研究表明,晚奥陶世至龙一段充填沉积期,经历了3次大的地质事件,形成了2个三级层序（五峰组层序Sq1和龙一段层序Sq2）、12个准层序组和13个笔石带.在生物地层约束的等时格架中,识别出火山喷发事件形成的富碳、富有机硅的硅质页岩相,底流侵入事件及陆源输入浊流事件沉积的贫碳、贫有机硅的混合质页岩相和泥质页岩相,建立了五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩的成因模式,该套页岩主要为该时期的火山喷发（包括冰期和生物绝灭）、底流侵入和陆源输入等地质事件导致的古气候、古海洋等各要素协同作用的结果.      

安徽南部下二叠统结核状硅质岩和层状硅质岩的沉积学特征及其成因探讨

根据岩性特征和生物化石组合带,安徽南部下二叠统可划分为栖霞组和孤峰组。栖霞组主要为一套含硅质结核及硅质条带的灰岩建造。灰岩中含大量的藻类、䗴、有孔虫、珊瑚、腕足和棘皮等浅海底栖型生物化石。孤峰组主要为一套薄层状硅质岩与薄层状泥页岩互层,组成硅—泥韵律沉积建造,含薄壳腕足、菊石、小有孔虫、硅质海绵和放射虫等浮游型生物化石。     

湘鄂西页岩非均质性研究——以Ld1井龙马溪组为例

页岩非均质性直接决定了页岩的储层可改造性和含气量,是页岩气勘探开发基础研究的内容之一。以湘鄂西Ld1井龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,在矿物岩石、显微薄片、地球化学和低温N2吸附-脱附实验的基础上,分析了研究区龙马溪组页岩的非均质性。研究发现Ld1井龙马溪组页岩主要发育硅质页岩、混合质页岩和黏土质页岩三大类,三大类页岩在有机质的赋存状态、有机质含量、矿物组成、显微结构和构造、脆性以及微观孔隙类型等方面具有较强非均质性,沉积作用、后期成岩作用和陆源输入是影响页岩非均质性的主要因素。硅质页岩具有有机碳含量高、脆性和孔渗条件好等成藏条件,是后期重点勘探开发层段,但通过FHH分形维数定量研究发现,硅质页岩段孔喉细小且非均质性强,孔隙结构复杂且联通性差,需要进行有效的储层改造才能够适应开采。     

Very early diagenesis in a calcareous,organic-rich mudrock from Jordan

The diagenesis in the organic-rich Cretaceous to Eocene Al Hisa Phosphorite Formation (AHP), Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation (MCM) and Umm Rijam Chert-Limestone Formation (URC) formations of Jordan can be linked directly to the fluctuating sedimentary environment of this shelf depositional system in the Middle to Late Eocene, and its influence on the composition of the deposited sediment and the early burial diagenetic environment. Most cementation was early, mostly within the first 10 m of burial, perhaps entirely within the first 100 m of burial. We propose that the siliceous cements are derived from biogenic silica, probably of diatoms, deposited in a shelf of enhanced productivity. Volumetrically, the most important processes were the redistribution of biogenic opal-A (diatoms) and calcite to form pervasive, layered and nodular cements. The formation of the silica and carbonate cements is closely linked through the effects their dissolution and precipitation have on pore fluid chemistry and pH. The chert beds have a biogenic silica origin, formed through replacement of diatoms and radiolaria by opal-CT, and subsequently by quartz. Calcite cement has carbonate derived from microbial diagenesis of organic matter and calcium derived from seawater. The Mg for early dolomite may have been generated by replacement of opal-CT by quartz, ore dissolution of unstable high Mg calcite bioclasts. The silica and carbonate diagenetic processes are both linked to microbial diagenesis of organic matter, and are intimately linked in both time and space, with pH possibly influencing whether a silica or a carbonate mineral precipitates. The paucity of metal cations capable of precipitating as sulphides is crucial to the creation of acidic pore water favourable to silica precipitation, either as opal-CT, chalcedony or quartz. The lack of clay minerals as a sink for the Mg required for opal-CT polymerisation is the principal factor responsible for the remarkably early silica cementation. All the diagenetic processes, with the probable exception of the opal-CT to quartz transition are early, almost certainly within the first 10 m of burial, possibly much less. A paragenetic sequence is presented here based on these two cores that should be tested against a wider core distribution to see whether this diagenetic history can be generalised throughout the basin. Warm bottom water temperatures probably led to silica diagenesis at much shallower burial depths than occurs in many other sedimentary basins. Silicified layers, in turn, commonly host fractures, suggesting that mechanical properties of the strata began to differentiate at a very early stage in the burial cycle. This has wide implications for processes linking diagenesis to deformation.     

塔里木盆地西北地区震旦系苏盖特布拉克组潮坪相碎屑岩成岩作用与成岩演化研究

塔里木盆地西北地区苏盖特布拉克组发育一套潮坪相沉积,是该层系油气勘探的主要目标。基于什艾日克剖面、奇格布拉克剖面、肖尔布拉克剖面的地质测量,采用薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体测温及黏土矿物X衍射等分析手段开展海相碎屑岩成岩作用和成岩演化研究,为塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克组进一步开展油气勘探部署和甜点储层预测提供地质依据。结果表明：（1）研究区苏盖特布拉克组发育潮坪沉积环境的砂体,砂岩类型以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主,偶见长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;（2）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩经历了压实（溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用及交代作用等成岩作用,压实作用是造成储层致密的直接原因,钙质胶结和硅质胶结是储层致密化的根本因素;（3）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩的成岩演化阶段已达到中成岩B期,成岩演化序列为：压实作用/自生黏土矿物（绿泥石）环边—第一期长石、岩屑溶蚀作用—第一期硅质胶结—第一期泥微晶方解石胶结/压溶作用/黏土矿物的伊利化—第二次硅质胶结/第二期铁方解石胶结—钙质胶结物溶蚀。据此建立的成岩演化模式为塔里木盆地超深层致密砂岩中甜点储层预测提供可靠的地质依据。