Ophiuroid fauna of cobalt-rich crust seamounts in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Seamounts are vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea and can be heavily impacted by human activities, such as bottom fishing and deep-sea mining. The species composition and distribution patterns of benthic fauna is key information for the designation of marine protected areas and environmental management plans. Three contracts for cobalt-rich crust exploration have been granted to China, Japan and Korea in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by the International Seabed Authority. However, our knowledge ...     

西北太平洋深海海山的一种蛇尾新记录

Ophioleila elegans是一种非常少见的蛇尾。2014年大洋35航次中利用“蛟龙”号载人潜器在西北太平洋麦哲伦海山链的采薇平定海山水深1660m处采集到2株该种标本。该种首次发现于夏威夷海山相似的生境当中,本次采集到的样品是继首次发现之后的再次公开报道。本文中对该种的形态学特征,如腕部骨骼等,进行了更加详细的研究,同时基于COI序列进行系统发育分析。形态和系统发育分析的结果都表明,Ophioleila属与辐蛇尾科更加接近。     

2005-2006年大亚湾大鹏澳养殖区甲藻孢囊通量的沉积捕捉器研究

于2005年3月至2006年4月在大亚湾的大鹏澳养殖区采用沉积物捕捉器,对甲藻孢囊形成和水温、盐度、营养盐含量等环境因子进行了周年调查,探索该区孢囊形成特征及其与环境因子的关系.在一年的沉积物捕捉器研究中,共分析鉴定出27种甲藻孢囊类型,锥状斯氏藻Scrippsiella trochoidea孢囊为该区最优势孢囊类群,从孢囊的组成显示了该区的污染是以养殖和生活污染为主.孢囊形成没有明显的季节分布特征,两个站年平均为1.07×10<'5>cysts·(m<'2>·d)<'-1>.高、低温都能在一定程度上促进孢囊的生成,氮限制对孢囊的形成具有明显促进作用.首次发现亚历山大藻Alexandrium孢囊在冬季形成的高峰,最高值达4.26×10<'5>cysts·(m<'2>·d)<'-1>.这说明核电站温排水冬季高水温对大亚湾生态环境有较大的影响.     

西北太平洋海面高度异常对热带气旋的响应

采用一种海面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)对热带气旋响应的合成分析方法,即根据热带气旋的路径位置和运动方向对海面高度异常进行插值、旋转和平均,得到不同热带气旋强度下,以热带气旋最佳路径点为原点的海面高度异常场.利用该方法,基于Aviso卫星高度计数据和中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据,得到了199...     

西北太平洋海域黑潮区有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度及其组成特征

由于传统持久性有机污染物（POPs）如有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）在全球范围内被广泛的限制或禁用,各种环境介质中的污染物浓度呈现逐年降低的趋势。西北太平洋作为远离大陆的开放性海域,无明显的污染点源,其洋流在POPs的输送和扩散过程中扮演重要的角色。本研究采集西北太平洋黑潮区表层和次表层（2～5 m和150 m）水体为研究对象,分析其中溶解态OCPs（六六六（HCHs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、氯丹（CHLs））和PCBs的浓度及组成特征。结果显示,黑潮区表层水体中HCHs、DDTs、CHLs和PCBs的浓度范围分别为30.7～68.8 pg/L、6.16～23.8 pg/L、1.07～5.75 pg/L和49.8～124 pg/L;次表层水体中分别为27.3～68.4 pg/L、7.06～14.1 pg/L、0.518～10.1 pg/L和34.1～68.4 pg/L。HCHs各异构体的比值特征表明该海域以林丹输入为主,而DDTs和CHLs的比值结果显示,该海域水体中滴滴涕和氯丹均主要是来自于历史残留。水体中PCBs主要以三氯联苯、四氯联苯为主,与东亚多氯联苯的历史使用情况吻合。黑潮水团体量巨大且内部分布均匀,对污染物的垂直分布产生重要影响,即不同深度水体中OCPs、PCBs浓度及其组成相当;同时黑潮带来的高温、高营养盐水团对其海域生物体内污染物的富集形成潜在风险。     

应用Argo资料分析西北太平洋冬、夏季水团

应用Argo剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料,分析了西北太平洋海域冬、夏季的温、盐度分布、水团结构及其分布。首先采用T-S点聚图法分析了该海域水团分布的基本情况,由点聚分析结果可知,该海域至少存在6种以上水团;再用模糊聚类软化法对水团作进一步划分,分别计算了该海域6至11类水团的F和△F值,结果表明,冬、夏季的△F值都以划分为8类时为最大,这与大洋水团的稳定性是一致的,因此,该海域冬、夏季水团以划分为8类最佳,它们分别是北太平洋热带表层水、北太平洋次表层水、北太平洋中层水、北太平洋副热带模态水、北太平洋深层水和赤道表层水,以及南太平洋次表层水和南太平洋中层水。     

应用Argo资料分析西北太平洋冬、夏季水团

应用Argo剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料,分析了西北太平洋海域冬、夏季的温、盐度分布、水团结构及其分布。首先采用T-S点聚图法分析了该海域水团分布的基本情况,由点聚分析结果可知,该海域至少存在6种以上水团;再用模糊聚类软化法对水团作进一步划分,分别计算了该海域6至11类水团的F和△F值,结果表明,冬、夏季的△F值都以划分为8类时为最大,这与大洋水团的稳定性是一致的,因此,该海域冬、夏季水团以划分为8类最佳,它们分别是北太平洋热带表层水、北太平洋次表层水、北太平洋中层水、北太平洋副热带模态水、北太平洋深层水和赤道表层水,以及南太平洋次表层水和南太平洋中层水。     

中太平洋富钴结壳Co元素地球化学特征

对在中太平洋研究区5座海山调查时获取的38个富钴结壳样品中主要金属元素的含量进行了化学分析,探讨了不同海山富钴结壳中Co元素含量的变化规律及结壳中元素间的相关关系,结果表明:(1)5座海山富钴结壳中的各主要金属元素含量相近,38个富钴结壳样品中Co元素的平均含量为0.67%,具有一定的开发前景。(2)不同海山富钴结壳中Co元素含量有一定变化,其变化与富钴结壳的类型、海水水深、地形地貌以及成矿作用等有密切的关系。Co元素在板状结壳中的含量为最高,在钴结核中的含量次之,而在砾状结壳中的含量为最低;富钴结壳中Co元素含量与海水水深呈负相关,浅水区富钴结壳中Co元素的含量明显高于深水区;海山地形地貌对Co元素的含量及富钴结壳的发育有一定影响,海山的椭圆状分支、支脉及边缘部分,Co元素的含量相对较高,富钴结壳发育得较好;Co元素富集成矿作用还主要受锰、铁水成成矿作用的控制。(3)富钴结壳中金属元素之间存在不同程度的相关性。Mn元素分别与Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mg、Na、Ba、Ti等元素呈强烈的正相关,而分别与Al、Si、Ca、P、Fe、Sr等元素呈负相关;Co元素分别与Cu、Al、P、Ca等元素呈负相关;Ca元素与P元素呈强烈正相关。     

基于栖息地指数的西北太平洋日本鲭渔情预报模型构建

根据2014−2017年5−11月西北太平洋公海灯光围网日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生产数据,结合同期的环境遥感数据,分别基于捕捞量和作业次数,构建日本鲭栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI)模型。选取海表水温、海面高度异常和叶绿素a浓度,采用一元指数回归拟合,建立各个环境变量的适应性指数模型,并利用线性规划方法确定各环境因子的权重,从而提高日本鲭HSI模型对渔场的预报精度。利用2018年5−11月的实际捕捞数据对模型进行预报准确率验证,在基于渔获量和作业次数构建的HSI模型中,HSI大于0.7的海域,渔获量平均占比分别为77.29%、76.79%,这表明基于不同权重环境因子的HSI模型能够较好地预测西北太平洋公海日本鲭中心渔场。     

西北太平洋海表温度融合产品交叉比对分析

海表温度产品是研究全球海洋大气系统的重要数据源,在海洋相关领域的研究和应用方面具有重要价值。以西北太平洋海域为研究区域,本文对2007-2014年的3个海表温度融合数据（AVHRR OISST,MISST和OSTIA）的产品特性与Argo浮标进行了真实性检验,并对融合产品进行了交叉比对分析。结果表明,3个融合产品在空间尺度上均能反映西北太平洋海域的海表温度变化趋势。融合数据与Argo浮标的平均偏差在±0.1℃之间,均方根误差小于0.9℃。融合数据与浮标数据存在明显的季节性变化,其中冬季融合数据与浮标数据的平均偏差和均方根误差较小。在高纬海域,融合产品和浮标存在正偏差。与另两个融合产品相比,OSTIA的数据质量与Argo浮标最为接近。3个融合产品在近岸和高纬海域差异较大,三者对海冰的标识和处理方式不同对融合结果也有影响。在2012年6月之前MISST和OSTIA的海表温度数据质量更为接近,但在此之后MISST存在系统误差。红外数据、微波数据和实测数据作为输入数据,是制作高时空分辨率高精度海表温度融合产品必不可少的要素。     

中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物地球化学特征

对中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物的详细研究表明,研究区内沉积物处于氧化至弱氧化环境,两种色调的沉积物在粒度分布特征以及化学组成上都存在着显著的差异,它们是不同沉积环境的反应.不同色调之间的界面为一沉积间断面.沉积物中的铁和锰具有不同的来源,铁可能以岩源碎屑为主,而锰则更可能是自生成因.钙和镁以生物成因为主.     

东太平洋海盆430柱沉积物特征与地层

对东太平洋海盆 ４３０ 柱沉积物的组分、古生物、结构构造以及古地磁、铀系等进行研究后, 将沉积物进行分类、命名与分层, 并确定其年代。研究表明, 本柱由下至上的沉积物分别为含沸石粘土、深海粘土、硅质粘土和钙质粘土。该柱中存在 ４ 个沉积间断, 其中在 ３２５ ｃｍ附近层位有一厚约 １０ ｃｍ 的多金属结核层,此界面为中中新世至晚上新世的沉积间断,它在 Ｃ Ｃ区内普遍存在, 持续时间长, 分布范围广。反映此时南极底层流十分强盛, 对东太平洋 Ｃ Ｃ 区的沉积作用和多金属结核形成与发育产生重要的影响。     

利用渔场环境因子标准化西北太平洋柔鱼CPUE的研究

本文利用1998-2016年西北太平洋柔鱼渔业数据及其渔场（35°~45°N,140°~165°E）的海洋遥感环境数据,包括海表温度、海面高度异常和叶绿素浓度,采用基于渔场环境的方法标准化西北太平洋柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量（catch per unit effort,CPUE）。结果表明:柔鱼高频次作业的海表温度范围为10.2~22.2℃（96.05%）,海面高度异常范围为-15.9~28.2 cm（97.91%）,叶绿素浓度范围为0.0~1.0 mg/m3（96.69%）。名义CPUE和基于环境因子的标准化CPUE年际变化趋势基本一致。但由于柔鱼作业方式高度集中,有效捕捞努力量远低于名义捕捞努力量,以及考虑环境因子影响效应,名义CPUE均低于标准化CPUE。在深入理解鱿钓渔业和其生物学特性的基础上,基于渔场环境因子准化后的CPUE更具代表性,建议在以后的柔鱼资源评估与管理中使用基于渔场环境因子的标准化CPUE。     

Morphological description and population structure of an ophiuroid species from cobalt-rich crust seamounts in the Northwest Pacific: Implications for marine protection under deep-sea mining

Many seamounts are covered with cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, and are increasingly attracting interest for the potential extraction of valuable mineral resources from deep seabed environments. However, the impacts of potential mining activities on the vulnerable seamount ecosystem remain unclear. To enhance the understanding of connectivity in benthic invertebrate populations in the Northwest Pacific, several seamounts were surveyed and biological samples collected. In the present study, the ophiuroid species Ophioplinthaca defensor is reported for the first time from four deep seamounts in the Northwest Pacific, and described, providing more detailed morphological diagnosis characters. To assess the population structure of the species between and within seamounts, two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) were sequenced. In total, 20 haplotypes from 32 COI sequences and 8 haplotypes from 3716S sequences were recovered. The star-shaped TCS networks and non-significant pairwise population differences reveal the absence of distinct population structures between and within seamounts. In addition, the O. defensor population seemed to have undergone a demographic expansion in history. This is the first study on the genetic population structure of a benthic invertebrate from seamounts in the Northwest Pacific, and this results suggest a potentially high, long distance dispersal capacity in O. defensor between seamounts, which could inform the development of the Regional Environmental Management Plans for the cobalt-rich crust seamounts in the area.     

Classification of seamount morphology and its evaluating significance of ferromanganese crust in the central Pacific Ocean

1 IntroductionCobalt-richcrust, alsoknownasferrom anganesecrustormanganesecrust, isdefined astheferroman-ganesedepositiondistributingontheseamountandoc-curringinlayer,crustandgravelornoduleinpart.Itisrich inthemetalofhigh economicvalue(cobalt,nick-el,plat…     

2017年春夏季西北太平洋浮游植物的区域差异及其与不同水团的关系

The West Pacific Ocean is considered as the provenance center of global marine life and has the highest species diversity of numerous marine taxa. The phytoplankton, as the primary producer at the base of the food chain,effects on climate change, fish resources as well as the entire ecosystem. However, there are few large-scale surveys covering several currents with different hydrographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the relationships between the spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and different water masses. A total of 630 water samples and 90 net samples of phytoplankton were collected at 45 stations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(21.0°–42.0°N, 118.0°–156.0°E) during spring and summer 2017. A total of 281 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 61 genera were identified in the study area. The distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community differed significantly both spatially and temporally. The average abundances of phytoplankton in spring and summer were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L, respectively. Whether in spring or summer, the maximum abundance always appeared in the northern transition region affected by the Oyashio Current, where nutrients were abundant and diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community;whereas the phytoplankton abundance was very low in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region, and the proportion of dinoflagellates in total abundance increased significantly. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton abundance increased from low to high latitudes, which was consistent with the trend of nutrient distributions, but contrary to that of water temperature and salinity. In the northern area affected by the Oyashio Current, the phytoplankton abundance was mainly concentrated in the upper 30 m of water column, while the maximum abundance often occurred at depths of 50–75 m in the south-central area affected by the Kuroshio Current.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that phytoplankton abundance was significant negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, but positively correlated with nutrient concentration. The phytoplankton community structure was mainly determined by nutrient availability, especially the N:P ratio.     

Ocean zoning in the Northwest Atlantic

A workshop held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, brought together marine policy makers, resource users and experts to discuss spatial planning in the marine environment. Participants explored concepts of ocean zoning and learned from other jurisdictions and related integrated management initiatives. An ocean user perspectives panel featured plenary addresses on the significance of ocean zoning to various sectors. Discussions at the workshop emphasized the need for involving all key players and clearly defining terms used in the spatial planning process.     

1949-2006年西北太平洋热带气旋活动的气候分析

应用1949～2006年的《台风年鉴》资料对出现在西北太平洋的热带气旋(TC)的活动规律进行了气候再分析,按照新的TC分类方法探讨了近58a来西北太平洋TC的时空分布特征。分析结果表明,西北太平洋TC的时空分布差异显著,其发生源地可划分为4个,发生时间和位置的季节性变化明显,每年登陆我国TC的个数与西北太平洋TC数量的增减保持一致,TC全年集中发生在7～10月期间,TC的年代际变化表现为上世纪80～90年代发生的频数比60～70年代显著减小。小波分析显示TC活动3～6 a与12～14a的变化周期显著。     

Regional estimates of POC export flux derived from thorium-234 in the western Arctic Ocean

1Introduction CarboncyclingintheArcticOceanplaysanim- portantroletoglobalchange.Traditionally,marine productivityintheArcticOceanisthoughttobevery low,andthussomebiogeochemicalprocessessuchas particleexportandcyclingofnutrientsarenotsoac- tivebecauseofthembeingcoveredperenniallybyice, lowtemperatureandshorttimeofphotosynthesis (PlattandRao,1975).Afewpreviousestimatesof particulateorganiccarbon(POC)exportindicateda neglectablemagnitudeinthecentralArcticOcean (Baconetal.,1989).However,recen…     

A study of geographical distributions and temporal variations of air-sea heat fluxes over the Pacific

I~IOXThe bulk tranSfer method, direct measurement or gradient measurement method are usuallyused for the flux observation and calculation. These methods provide the flux values only in thelOCation where the measurements are carried out. In recent years scientists began to use medelcombined with remote sensing data for the calculation of heat flux. Its main poverty is tO obtainthe flux distribution over the wide ocean area simultaneously. Li Shiming et al. (1997) analyzedthe sensible and la…