台湾地震对福建地区基岩地震动的影响

福建沿海城市长期受台湾地震影响,虽少有破坏发生,但震感明显,特别是高层建筑,经常有持续时间较长的摇晃.本文选取了福建省基岩台站记录到的252条宽频带水平向加速度记录,这些记录来自近年发生在台湾的35次不同震级的地震,震级范围Ms=4.0 ～6.8,震中距R=214～650 km,震源深度d=6～40 km,经回归统计得...     

场地划分标准对基岩地震动参数衰减关系的影响

基于美国NGA强震观测数据库中描述场地的不同指标,定义了五种不同的"基岩"场地类型,得到了相应的数据集;同时采用最小二乘法回归得到了世界范围内对应不同"基岩"定义的地震动参数衰减关系,并研究了不同场地划分标准造成的基岩地震动参数衰减关系的差异。     

基于美国NGA项目的长周期地震动衰减关系研究

本文基于美国NGA项目的地震动衰减关系,运用胡聿贤院士提出的转换方法得到了我国东部地区基岩峰值加速度以及5％阻尼比、周期0．01秒到10秒的加速度反应谱衰减关系。     

欧洲中小震基岩水平向地震动衰减关系研究

大震与中小震之间的地震动衰减规律有所不同.本文使用了132条欧洲基岩水平向记录研究中小震地震动衰减规律.震级范围在地方震级4～6级,距离在震源距70km以内.本文得到了峰值加速度和5%阻尼比、周期0.04～4.00秒之间的加速度反应谱的衰减关系.通过与欧洲和美国西部地震动衰减关系对比,分析了在地震活动性不同的地区内,大震与中小震之间存在的差异有何不同.     

不同地震动衰减关系模型在河北地区应用

河北省目前主要采用的是霍俊荣给出的适用于中国华北地区的地震动反应谱的衰减,该衰减关系分为Ⅱ型衰减关系模型和Ⅲ型衰减关系模型。使用Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型模型以及烈度衰减关系,对石家庄、邯郸、邢台、保定、张家口、承德、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊、沧州10个地级市以及沙城、三河、宁晋、磁县等曾经历史上发生过大地震的地方,进行50年超越概率10%的峰值加速度和烈度值的计算,得出不同衰减关系模型适合使用于不同地区。     

河北及邻近地区地震动衰减关系的分析与确定

根据河北及邻近地区的地震烈度资料,美国西部地面水平加速度记录、地震动衰减关系和我国地面水平加速度记录,用最小二乘法及等震级的烈度地震动转换方法。确定了河北及邻近地区烈度衰减关系和不同场地地面运动水平加速度峰值衰减关系。这些研究成果可供河北及邻近地区进行地震危险性分析和抗震防灾规划时使用。     

川滇地区水平向强地震动衰减关系研究

利用近几年在川滇地区破坏性地震及汶川地震强余震中获得的951条加速度记录, 通过选取合适的衰减关系形式和距离参数, 经统计获得了川滇地区水平向峰值加速度与35个周期点对应的加速度反应谱(阻尼比0.05)衰减关系. 统计结果显示, 震级越大, 地震动随距离的衰减越慢; 加速度反应谱的短周期部分随距离的衰减明显快于长周期部分; 中强地震在近场也会产生较大的峰值加速度和较高的短周期加速度反应谱. 由于统计资料的非完整性, 本文统计结果尚不宜直接应用于相关工程场地的设计地震动参数确定中. 但本文结果与目前由转换方法得到的我国西部地震动参数衰减规律的较大差异提示： 进一步深入研究我国地震动参数衰减规律应是紧迫而重要的任务.     

川滇地区水平向强地震动衰减关系研究

利用近几年在川滇地区破坏性地震及汶川地震强余震中获得的951条加速度记录,通过选取合适的衰减关系形式和距离参数,经统计获得了川滇地区水平向峰值加速度与35个周期点对应的加速度反应谱(阻尼比0.05)衰减关系.统计结果显示,震级越大,地震动随距离的衰减越慢;加速度反应谱的短周期部分随距离的衰减明显快于长周期部分;中强地震在近场也会产生较大的峰值加速度和较高的短周期加速度反应谱.由于统计资料的非完整性,本文统计结果尚不宜直接应用于相关工程场地的设计地震动参数确定中.但本文结果与目前由转换方法得到的我国西部地震动参数衰减规律的较大差异提示:进一步深入研究我国地震动参数衰减规律应是紧迫而重要的任务.     

我国大陆地区地震动衰减关系研究进展

地震动衰减关系是场地地震动估计的主要方法之一。本文首先对地震动衰减关系式的发展作了简要的阐述;其次,分析了胡聿贤先生提出的借用法的重要性,回顾了我国衰减关系的发展历程,并重点介绍了水平向地震动、竖向地震动及其它地震动参数衰减关系的研究进展;最后,讨论了衰减关系研究中存在的问题,并提出了发展强震动数据库和缺乏强震记录地区衰减关系的建议。      

地震动峰值参数衰减规律的研究

震级和地震波传播途径均有测量误差和不确定性。本文考虑震级和距离的不确定性,用作者提出的回归多随机变量间相关关系的一致加权最小二乘法,对地震动水平峰值加速度(PGA)、速度(PGV)和位移(PGD)的衰减关系进行了研究,在衰减模型中考虑了地震动的近场距离饱和与震级饱和特性。研究结果表明,考虑震级和距离的随机性后,地震动的距离与震级标定系数比常规方法增大16—28％,大震的地震动估计值及小震近场的地震动估计值均高于用常规方法得到的结果;高频地震动具有明显的近场距离与震级饱和特性,且距离饱和范围随震级的增大而加宽;场地条件对地震动衰减规律有明显影响,同时这一影响又同距离和震级密切相关。本文预测结果与新近发生的三大地震(M_s=8.1,7.8,7.1)的观测资料很吻合。     

A ground motion prediction equation for JMA instrumental seismic intensity for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes

The JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) seismic intensity scale has been used in Japan as a measure of earthquake ground shaking effects since 1949. It has traditionally been assessed after an earthquake based on the judgment of JMA officials. In 1996 the scale was revised as an instrumental seismic intensity measure (I_JMA) that could be used to rapidly assess the expected damage after an earthquake without having to conduct a survey. Since its revision, Japanese researchers have developed several ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for I_JMA using Japanese ground motion data. In this paper, we develop a new empirical GMPE for I_JMA based on the strong motion database and functional forms used to develop similar GMPEs for peak response parameters as part of the PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center) Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We consider this relationship to be valid for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes for moment magnitudes ( M ) ranging from 5.0 up to 7.5–8.5 (depending on fault mechanism) and rupture distances ranging from 0 to 200 km. A comparison of this GMPE with relationships developed by Japanese researchers for crustal and shallow subduction earthquakes shows relatively good agreement among all of the relationships at M 7.0 but relatively poor agreement at small magnitudes. Our GMPE predicts the highest intensities at small magnitudes, which together with research on other ground motion parameters, indicates that it provides conservative or upwardly biased estimates of I_JMA for M <5.5. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of aftershocks on peak ductility demand due to strong ground motion records from shallow crustal earthquakes

Aftershocks induced by a large mainshock can cause additional damage to structures and infrastructure, hampering building reoccupation and restoration activities in a post‐disaster situation. To assess the nonlinear damage potential due to aftershocks, this study investigates the effects of aftershocks by using real as well as artificially generated mainshock–aftershock sequences. The real mainshock–aftershock sequences are constructed from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center—Next Generation Attenuation database for worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes; however, they are deemed to be incomplete because of missing records. To supplement incomplete real dataset, artificial sequences are generated on the basis of the generalized Omori's law, and a suitable aftershock record selection procedure is then devised to simulate time‐series data for mainshock–aftershock sequences. The results from nonlinear dynamic analysis of inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems using real and artificial sequences indicate that the incremental effects of aftershocks on peak ductility demand using the real sequences are relatively minor and that peak ductility demand estimates based on the generalized Omori's law are greater, particularly in the upper tail, than those for the real sequences. The results based on the generalized Omori's law also suggest that the aftershock effects based on the real sequences might underestimate the aftershock impact because of the incompleteness of the real dataset. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川滇地区中小震地震动衰减特征分析

利用2007年以来川滇地区24次中小型破坏性地震(Ms4.7～6.7)的基岩场地和土层场地的强震动记录,分别统计获得了川滇地区水平向基岩场地和土层场地的地震动峰值及加速度反应谱衰减关系.通过与俞言祥等2006年基于转换方法得到的我国西部基岩地震动衰减关系的对比,验证了本文衰减关系对利用中小地震进行地震动估计的可靠性.同时,根据强震动数据随震级以及震中距的分布,分析了本文结果的适用性和可靠性.     

中小震近场地震动估计中地震动衰减关系的适用性分析

核工程场地设计基准地震动确定中涉及弥散地震的地震动估计，这导致中小震近场地震动估计成为被关注的研究课题。本文基于一些中小震近场地震动记录资料，分析和探讨了国内外多种地震动衰减关系对中小震近场地震动估计的适用性问题，并结合我国几个核工程地震问题研究工作的实践对中小震近场地震动衰减关系确定的思路和原则提出了建议。     

地震动参数衰减规律的研究

对收集到的近两万条美国西部的强震记录进行了分析整理，选用了108个台站共324条基岩强地震动记录，对建议的地震动参数衰减模型进行了统计，该地震动参数衰减模型中考虑了区域介质品质因子，试图通过不同地区介质品质因子的差异规律来实现地震动参数衰减特性的相互转换。这对缺乏强震记录资料地区的地震动参数估计将带来极大的方便。     

Ground motion prediction equations based on shallow crustal earthquakes in Georgia and the surrounding Caucasus

Strong ground motions caused by earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3.5 to 6.9 and hypocentral distances of up to 300 km were recorded by local broadband stations and three-component accelerograms within Georgia’s enhanced digital seismic network. Such data mixing is particularly effective in areas where strong ground motion data are lacking. The data were used to produce models based on ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), one benefit of which is that they take into consideration information from waveforms across a wide range of frequencies. In this study, models were developed to predict ground motions for peak ground acceleration and 5%-damped pseudo-absolute-acceleration spectra for periods between 0.01 and 10 s. Short-period ground motions decayed faster than long-period motions, though decay was still in the order of approximately 1/r. Faulting mechanisms and local soil conditions greatly influence GMPEs. The spectral acceleration (SA) of thrust faults was higher than that for either strike-slip or normal faults but the influence of strike-slip faulting on SA was slightly greater than that for normal faults. Soft soils also caused significantly more amplification than rocky sites.     

Preliminary research on the method for determination of ground motion parameters of diffuse earthquakes

This paper proposes that on the basis of near-source saturation characteristic of ground motion, the peak ground motion acceleration and the acceleration response spectra of diffuse earthquakes affecting the nuclear facility site can be determined by the statistic method. In view of the problem of insufficient statistic samples due to fewer qualified strong earthquake records on the bedrock site, it also proposes that according to the features of ground motion response of the soil, the acceleration records ...