海气系统中不稳定耦合波的空间结构与气候年代际振荡

利用带有深海作用的简单海气耦合模型,分析了中纬度海气系统中不稳定耦合波的空间结构,讨论了其对气候年代际振荡的影响.结果表明:对于海气系统中的不稳定耦合波,大气扰动在位相上超前于海洋扰动,位相差范围0到π/2,特别当位相差为π/4时,出现最不稳定海气相互作用;大气和海洋扰动振幅之间的关系由风应力系数和海洋加热系数的相对大小决定,大气扰动振幅可以小于海洋扰动振幅,也可以大于海洋扰动振幅;深海作用系数对于海气耦合波的空间结构总体影响很小.     

海气耦合气候模式的依时解

运用量子力学方法，精确地求出了海气耦合随机-动力模式的依时解。对依时解的分析表明:当气候系统处于基态时，系统的行为呈布朗运动形式，由此从理论上证明了Hassel-mann关于随机气候模式建立的立足点。当系统处于第一激发态时，系统运动呈随时间衰减的形式；在一定条件下则为周期振荡，主周期长度为2.3年。最后将结果用来讨论二氧化碳浓度倍增时的气候影响。     

一个中尺度海-气耦合模式的研制

将L inux系统的管道通信技术运用到大气-海洋耦合模式的研究,实现了中尺度大气模式与海洋模式的双向耦合。使用这个模式研究中尺度海-气相互作用,有较多的优点,不但可以提高模式的稳定性和运行效率,且可移植性强,利于模式的独立升级和改进。     

Coupled ocean-atmosphere models with flux correction

A method is proposed for removing the drift of coupled atmosphere-ocean models, which in the past has often hindered the application of coupled models in climate response and sensitivity experiments. The ocean-atmosphere flux fields exhibit inconsistencies when evaluated separately for the individual sub-systems in independent, uncoupled mode equilibrium climate computations. In order to balance these inconsistencies a constant ocean-atmosphere flux correction field is introduced in the boundary conditions coupling the two sub-systems together. The method ensures that the coupled model operates at the reference climate state for which the individual model subsystems were designed without affecting the dynamical response of the coupled system in climate variability experiments. The method is illustrated for a simple two component box model and an ocean general circulation model coupled to a two layer diagnostic atmospheric model.     

气候系统模式发展中的耦合器研制问题

基于"耦合器"框架、采用模块化结构是当今气候系统模式发展的主要技术方向.作者概述了耦合器的基本功能,对目前世界上应用比较广泛的11个耦合器进行了综合评述,重点是美国通用气候模式耦合器和法国的OASIS耦合器,扼要概括了目前较具影响力的三个耦合器发展计划,在此基础上,对耦合器的主要发展态势进行了总结,并结合自身模式发展的需求进行了讨论.     

分子体系介质中气溶胶粒子的耦合碰并

根据碰并率通量随粒子半径变化极小的物理事实,利用半径空间极值点处碰并率函数的连续光滑的性质,把在低Péclet数条件下得到的碰并率的三阶渐近展式和纯重力作用下的碰并率一阶解,推广到中Péclet数重力对流与Brown运动都不能看成小量的耦合碰并条件中,同时得到高Péclet数条件下碰并率的三阶数值解,最后首次得到高Knudsen数条件下分子体系任意Péclet数条件下的碰并率.     

An Examination of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in High-Resolution Coupled Models with Dynamically Downscaled Coupled Data Assimilation Initialization

Predicting tropical cyclone(TC) genesis is of great societal importance but scientifically challenging. It requires fineresolution coupled models that properly represent air-sea interactions in the atmospheric responses to local warm sea surface temperatures and feedbacks, with aid from coherent coupled initialization. This study uses three sets of highresolution regional coupled models(RCMs) covering the Asia-Pacific(AP) region initialized with local observations and dynamically downscaled coupled data assimilation to evaluate the predictability of TC genesis in the West Pacific. The APRCMs consist of three sets of high-resolution configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Regional Ocean Model System(WRF-ROMS): 27-km WRF with 9-km ROMS, and 9-km WRF with 3-km ROMS. In this study, a 9-km WRF with 9-km ROMS coupled model system is also used in a case test for the predictability of TC genesis. Since the local sea surface temperatures and wind shear conditions that favor TC formation are better resolved, the enhanced-resolution coupled model tends to improve the predictability of TC genesis, which could be further improved by improving planetary boundary layer physics, thus resolving better air-sea and air-land interactions.     

一个三维Monte-Carlo地气耦合辐射传输模式

建立了一个可靠和较高计算效率的三维Monte-Carlo地气耦合辐射传输模式(3DMC).该模式在光子释放和定位、地气耦合、辐射率高分辨模拟计算和计算效率等方面有所发展.     

一个全球耦合模式的ENSO后报试验

A group of seasonal hindcast experiments are conducted using a coupled model known as the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model-gamil1.11 (FGOALS-g1.11) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG). Two steps are included in our El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) hindcast experiments. The first step is to integrate the coupled GCM with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) strongly nudged towards the observation from 1971 to 2006. The second step is to remove the SST nudging term. We carried out a one-year hindcast by adopting the initial values from SST nudging experiments from the first step on January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, and October 1st from 1982 to 2005. In the SST nudging experiment, the model can reproduce the observed equatorial thermocline anomalies and zonal wind stress anomalies in the Pacific, which demonstrates that the SST nudging approach can provide realistic atmospheric and oceanic initial conditions for seasonal prediction experiments. The model also demonstrates a high Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) score for SST in most of the tropical Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, and some Indian Ocean regions with a 3-month lead. Compared with the persistence ACC score, this model shows much higher ACC scores for the Nino3.4 index for a 9-month lead.     

Tropical Atlantic Variability in a Coupled GCM

Summary:Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) is simulated in a coupled GCM. The TAV seems to be consistent with a dipole mode that involves both surface and subsurface oceanic dynamics. The poor correlation of the tropical North and South Atlantic SST is suggested to be distorted by the presence of a symmetric tropical Atlantic mode.     

变分同化方法反演海气耦合模型参数的研究

采用变分资料同化技术,结合最优控制思想,对一个海气耦合模型的模式参数和强迫项进行了反演。结果表明,采用该方法对模式进行优化,既可以补偿模式参数不准确性给预报带来的误差,又可以对模式参数本身进行修正和估计,为将来在实际应用中改善更复杂的预报模式、提高预报准确率提供了一个可借鉴的思路。     

Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CAMS-CSM

The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences developed a Climate System Model(CAMS-CSM) to participate in the upcoming Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6). In this study, we assessed the model performance in simulating the convectively coupled equatorial waves(CCEWs) by comparing the daily output of precipitation from a 23-yr coupled run with the observational precipitation data from Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP). Four dominant modes of CCEWs including the Kelvin, equatorial Rossby(ER), mixed Rossby–gravity(MRG), tropical depression-type(TD-type) waves, and their annual mean and seasonal cycle characteristics are investigated respectively. It is found that the space–time spectrum characteristics of each wave mode represented by tropical averaged precipitation could be very well simulated by CAMS-CSM, including the magnitudes and the equivalent depths. The zonal distribution of wave associated precipitation is also well simulated, with the maximum centers over the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. However, the meridional distribution of the wave activities is poorly simulated, with the maximum centers shifted from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere, especially the Kelvin, MRG, and TD waves. The seasonal cycle of each wave mode is generally captured by the model, but their amplitudes over the Southern Hemisphere during boreal winter are grossly overestimated. The reason for the excessive wave activity over the southern Pacific Ocean in the simulation is discussed.     

Coupled oceanic and atmospheric mixed layer model

A coupled, one-dimensional atmospheric-oceanic boundary layer model based on a single station assessment has been formulated from independent oceanic and atmospheric bulk boundary layer models. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine major differences in the responses of the coupled model compared to those of the separate oceanic and atmospheric models. The general behavior of the coupled model atmosphere is not significantly different from that of the atmospheric model over short term simulations (12–24 h). However, large differences may occur under certain limited conditions when winds are light and the lifting condensation level is close to the height of the inversion. Major differences between the predicted evolution of the ocean boundary layer by the ocean model and coupled model are more common, and the short term predictive ability of the ocean model in coupled form is enhanced.     

一个全球耦合模式的ENSO后报试验

A group of seasonal hindcast experiments are conducted using a coupled model known as the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Modelgamil1.11 (FGOALS-g1.11) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG).Two steps are included in our ElNi o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) hindcast experiments.The first step is to integrate the coupled GCM with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) strongly nudged towards the observation from 1971 to 2006.The second step is to remove the SST nudging term.The authors carried out a one-year hindcast by adopting the initial values from SST nudging experiments from the first step on January 1st,April 1st,July 1st,and October 1st from 1982 to 2005.In the SST nudging experiment,the model can reproduce the observed equatorial thermocline anomalies and zonal wind stress anomalies in the Pacific,which demonstrates that the SST nudging approach can provide realistic atmospheric and oceanic initial conditions for seasonal prediction experiments.The model also demonstrates a high Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) score for SST in most of the tropical Pacific,Atlantic Ocean,and some Indian Ocean regions with a 3-month lead.Compared with the persistence ACC score,this model shows much higher ACC scores for the Ni o-3.4 index for a 9-month lead.     

Spectral Behaviour of a Coupled Land-Surface and Boundary-Layer System

The temporal spectral response of a coupled land-atmosphere system to daily forcing of net radiation at the land surface is investigated using the analytic approach. The original definition of the problem dates back to an early study by Lettau. The present study builds on the problem and introduces some important additions, with a focus on the propagation of heat flux and temperature waves in both the soil and the atmospheric boundary layer. The study highlights the dependence of the complex amplitude of surface temperature and heat fluxes on the different land-surface parameters, such as friction velocity, evaporative fraction, aerodynamic resistance and vegetation height. Finally, the dependency of surface state variables to the frequency of the forcing is analyzed.     

ARGO资料同化与海气耦合过程研究

本项目拟利用ARGO浮标等资料进行海洋物理过程、海气交换过程、资料同化以及改进海气耦合模式参数化方案的研究，这对提高我国的短期气候预测水平具有重要的作用。2003年顺利完成年度研究计划，取得的主要成果包括如下几个方面：     

区域台风-海洋耦合模式的构建及应用研究

由于海洋业务化预报模式对中尺度涡等海洋中、小尺度物理过程的准确预报仍然具有较大困难,因此,区域台风-海洋耦合模式初始化采用稳定基态的海洋数据是当前的有效手段。本文通过对两组台风个例的模拟,检验了基于稳定基态海洋数据的区域台风-海洋耦合模式的模拟效果,并通过6组敏感性试验,研究了初始台风最大风速半径（Radius of maximum wind speed,RMWS）对耦合模式模拟结果的影响。结果表明:初始台风RMWS的影响贯穿整个模拟阶段,RMWS越大,下垫面热通量输送量级越大,台风强度越强。在台风强烈的风场作用下,海温反馈也越显著,从而引起热通量降低幅度增大。RMWS作为与台风结构密切相关的物理量在度量台风强度中起到了重要作用。     

一类非稳态热耦合方程组解的存在性

研究了一类椭圆抛物耦舍方程组解的存在性。在假设耦合系数σ（s）、k（s）∈W^1,m（R）,b∈[L^∞（Ω）]^2,c∈L^∞（Ω）且满足c-1/2△↓·b≥-（k1-α）λ1条件下,λ1这-△的第一特征值。α＞0.运用Faedo—Galerkin方法构造近似解,首先得出近似解在局部时间内存在,然后得出一些近似解的先验估计证明解可以延拓到区间[0,T],利用紧性定理得出解关于时间t和n无关。最后对逼近方程取极限,得出解整体存在。若耦合系数σ（s）、k（s）退化,构造其截断函数,仍可得出解存在且有界。     

土壤水热耦合模型研究进展

土壤水热耦合模型的研究是20世纪50年代在等温水分运动模型的基础上发展起来的,与大气环流、水资源利用、农业及遥感技术的应用密切相关,具有广泛的应用价值,已经成为陆面过程研究中的重点。本文介绍了目前流行的几种土壤水热耦合模型及其特点,分析了这些模型在一些特定区域的检验效果及作用趋势,并讨论了土壤水热耦合模型存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

大气季节内振荡的耦合模式数值模拟

分析GOALS/LASG海气耦合模式10年积分200hPa纬向风场的逐日输出结果,引用1980～1989年期间逐日的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作为实测对照,结果显示该耦合模式抓住了热带大气低频振荡(IO)的基本时空分布特征,模拟IO的强度较多数大气模式强而接近真实,但空间一致性仍不清晰,典型周期不够显著。NCEP资料与耦合模式都反映模拟IO的季节变化与其年际变化有关,模拟较强IO的年份表现IO的季节变化特征也较真实。模拟IO的年际变化与热带东太平洋的SST呈明显的负相关变化。SST暖异常的年份,IO活动较弱。IO变化滞后于SST异常60天左右的相关性最显著。对比单独积分GOALS/LASG的大气模式的结果,发现二者的主要差别在于耦合模式再现IO的季节性特征更真实,反映了海气耦合对IO变化的调制作用。利用海气耦合模式,理解IO对流活动与上层海洋的相互作用过程,是真实描述IO必要的手段。