基于无人机高光谱特征的红树林种群识别研究以漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区为例

红树林种群的组成和分布对于红树林生态系统的保护和恢复至关重要。本研究以漳江口红树林保护区为研究对象,通过获取无人机高光谱影像,进行光谱特征分析、光谱微分变换和包络线去除,提取了911组17个光谱特征参数,通过逐步判别分析筛选出13个用于决策树构建的特征参数,最终通过C5.0决策树模型获得了研究区红树林种群的分布状况。结果表明,漳江口红树林保护区植被种群呈现自上到下不同类型的分布情况,研究区上部以桐花树和秋茄混合类型为主,中间区域呈现白骨壤、桐花树和秋茄三者共生的现状,研究区下部则以白骨壤分布为主,伴生有少量的秋茄。通过混淆矩阵计算,得到研究区总体分类精度为 87.95%,Kappa系数为 83.81%,具有较好的精度。研究结果可为区域红树林湿地保护提供数据支撑,为红树林种群识别研究提供方法参考。     

福建漳江口红树林保护区浮游植物群落的季节变化研究

于2001年1月～2003年1月对福建省漳江口红树林区水体浮游植物群落的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,漳江口红树林区浮游植物以硅藻门种类为主,优势种为长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.1)等,同时出现多种裸藻、绿藻和甲藻。本次调查共鉴定到浮游植物31属87种(包括变种),其中硅藻门23属75种(包括变种),蓝藻门3属3种,绿藻门1属4种,金藻门1属1种,甲藻门2属2种,裸藻门1属2种。浮游植物密度变化范围为2.78×104～1.14×106个/L,平均为3.51×105个/L,季节变化为双峰型。出现大量的底栖硅藻和淡水性藻类是该水域浮游植物的一个特点。浮游植物的组成和结构表明该水域水质较好。     

互花米草入侵对漳江口红树林保护区的影响研究

文章根据2019年、2020年漳江口红树林保护区内互花米草、沉积物、潮间带底栖生物的调查结果,结合历史遥感影像资料分析互花米草的入侵过程。结果表明：漳江口红树林保护区互花米草高潮区株高略低于同潮区红树植物,亦低于中潮区互花米草株高,更倾向于向光滩扩张;研究区域互花米草区沉积物中总氮、硫化物和有机碳含量高于光滩,全盐含量低于光滩;根据研究区域的遥感影像分析,2011—2019年漳江口互花米草保持较高的速率扩张,2020年互花米草扩张进入稳定期;根据丰度生物量比较法,2020年互花米草区的潮间带底栖生物群落结构较2019年稳定。在研究互花米草入侵对滨海湿地的影响时,除了考虑调查方法、时空因素和样地互花米草入侵时间的长短外,还应考虑互花米草入侵的不同扩张时期。     

基于高光谱影像数据库的地理目标识别

高光谱技术的发展使得通过光谱匹配进行地理目标识别成为可能。围绕光谱分解、分类以及匹配算法进行研究,设计了一套规范实用的高光谱数据库系统,构建了高光谱影像样本库。提出了基于高光谱影像数据库进行地理目标识别的解决方案。     

基于无人机高光谱遥感的海岛岸线精准提取方法研究与应用

鉴于传统遥感技术手段对海岛岸线的提取在精度与效率上存在很大不足,通过无人机高光谱遥感技术,结合岸线实地踏勘活动,提出一种海岛岸线类型识别与位置提取方法,并选取实际海岛进行了实验验证,成功获取了不同类型岸线的准确位置,所得成果与传统遥感手段相比,提高了系统性与准确性,为下一步海岛的生态评估工作提供了数据支撑。     

高光谱海洋遥感影像处理系统集成与应用研究

主要研究了基于多传感器获取的高光谱海洋遥感影像特点,针对我国海域赤潮、溢油、海冰等不同的海洋现象,采用不同的模块存储格式和光谱角信息进行处理,提高了高光谱海洋遥感影像处理的精度和速度;利用VC＋＋动态连接数据库将各模块集合成一有机整体,既保证了各模块处理的特色,又实现了不同格式的快速转换存储,使系统具有了很强的开放性和可扩展性。     

基于无人机高光谱遥感技术对内陆养殖池塘水质监测的研究

为准确、快速、全面获取内陆养殖小区池塘及尾水处理池水体水质变化情况,建立养殖水环境实时预警调控及数字化管控机制,选择浙江湖州市集中连片的养殖小区为试验区,于2020年12月采用搭载GaiaSky-mini高光谱相机的无人机进行试验区近地遥感图像采集,并进行图像拼接、辐射校正和几何校正等预处理;然后对反射波段进行差值、比...     

基于无人机航测的红树林潮滩地貌高程反演

红树林潮滩地貌高程的变化直接影响红树林生长发育。精确快速获取潮滩地貌高程动态变化过程,对实施红树林培育与造林意义重大。然而,受限于潮水涨落、潮滩易陷及红树林区难以深入等因素,红树林潮滩地貌的高程获取成为当前备受关注的难点。基于此,本文以广西北部湾北部北仑河口为例,利用DJI Phantom 4 RTK无人机对区域进行多高度、多架次航测,以Structure from Motion(SFM)算法为核心反演该区域的红树林潮滩地貌高程,探讨影响高程反演精度的因素,进而拟合出一套误差修正关系式,并以钦江与南流江河口红树林潮滩为应用对象验证该关系式的适用性。结果表明：(1)无人机飞行高度直接影响高程提取精度,其中飞行高度越高,提取的地貌高程误差越大,飞行高度约在110 m时更能兼顾航测用时和高程提取精度;(2)无人机航测提取的潮滩地貌高程值与RTK测量值存在较为显著的垂向平移偏差关系,提取值普遍高于RTK测量值,基于此提出了修正关系式,实现了对不同飞行高度的高程提取值的修正,显著提高了其精度,且关系式有较好的适用性和普适性;(3)植被覆盖度是无人机提取潮滩地貌高程的重要影响因子,植被覆盖度越高,...     

基于SPOT5的红树林遥感分类

以海南岛东寨港国家级红树林自然保护区为例,实地测量了红树林等地物光谱,获取了较为准确的红树林的光谱特征;在采用最大似然分类法提纯红树林信息基础上,结合不同红树种类的光谱特征及植被指数差异,选定可分性阈值,建立决策树分类规则,对SPOT5图像进行种间分类,并检验其分类精度。结果显示,各红树种类的使用精度都达到80%以上,且总体精度达到90%以上,为红树林生态系统业务化遥感监测奠定基础。     

面向分类的高光谱遥感影像数据特性的研究

分析了高光谱遥感的特点、影像数据的应用现状,针对高光谱遥感影像处理、分类的现状及遇到的困难,对高光谱遥感影像数据的分类特性进行了深入的分析总结,对高光谱遥感影像分类的支持向量机方法进行了系统研究,并分析指出了支持向量机分类法的优越性,最后提出了需要进一步研究的问题.     

泉州湾洛阳江红树林自然保护区潮间带软体动物多样性及分布

为了解洛阳江红树林自然保护区不同生境的潮间带软体动物物种多样性、数量时空分布及群落结构现状,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所于2009年4月和11月在洛阳江红树林自然保护区内选择了光滩（Qch1）、屿头红树林区（Qch2）、增墁红树林区（Qch3）和米草区（Qch4））4条断面共3种生境,进行软体动物调查。共鉴定软体动物16科...     

北仑河口国家级自然保护区的老鼠簕群落

表1北仑河口国家级自然保护区老鼠簕群落的主要分布区域及其面积北仑河口国家级自然保护区位于我国大陆海岸的西南端,东南临北部湾,西南与越南相邻。现有红树林面积约1 131hm2,主要群落可划分为8个群系、14个群落类型。红树植物种类有14种,其中真红树有10种,半红树有4种。组成红树植物群落的主要建群种有卤蕨(Acrostichumaureum)、白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)、桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)、秋茄(Kandeliacandel)、木榄(Bruguieragymnorrhiza)、海漆(Excoecariaagallocha)、老鼠簕(Acanthusilicifolius)和银叶树(Heritieralittoralis)8…     

A simple waterline approach for tidelands using multi-temporal satellite images: A case study in the Yangtze Delta

Waterline technique based on satellite remote sensing is potentially one of the most effective tools for studying changes in tidal flat environment and coastlines. However, multi-temporal waterlines obtained from satellite images are often difficult to compare directly because fluctuant tidal conditions may produce different elevation of waterlines. To overcome the difficulty, this study developed a comparable waterline solution to estimate active lateral evolutions using TM satellite images at different tide conditions. Owing to the dynamic properties, the Yangtze River mouth was selected as the case example to test the suitability of the approach, and totally four time slices were partitioned during 1987–2004 for investigating coastline changes. The first step of this technique is to digitize waterlines with various elevations labeling in a time slice. In the second step, the waterlines were merged to generate DEMs and contour maps using the linear gridding interpolation method. In the last step, any interested contour line may be extracted from DEMs and used for comparison of tideland changes. To evaluate the errors in digitizing and interpolation process, quantitative checks were examined after the DEMs were constructed. In order to monitoring the rate of coastline spread, a proposed approach for estimating mean coastline spread distance between two time spans is developed in this paper. To conclude, this work demonstrates the importance of TM/ETM images to provide high-frequency historical topography and morphodynamics information for coastal monitoring and evaluation.     

我国战略石油储备船概念设计研究

阐述了建立我国战略石油储备的必要性，对国外石油储备状况及储备方式做了简要介绍。从我国国情出发，提出了80万m^3浮式钢结构储油船方案设计，建立了储油船整船有限元模型，利用全船三维有限元结构分析技术进行了油舱的分舱设计，供超大型储油船设计时参考。     

基于无人机高光谱的外来入侵种互花米草遥感监测方法研究——以黄河三角洲为研究区

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵性非常强,已被正式纳入我国第一批外来入侵物种名单。互花米草的疯狂蔓延已影响到当地土著物种的生长和空间分布,因此有关管理部门迫切需要互花米草的空间分布和扩散动态数据,但目前还没有一个有效的监测手段。针对这一需求,本文作者提出了基于无人机高光谱的外来入侵种互花米草遥感监测研究方案,拟以黄河三角洲为研究区,利用无人机高光谱遥感新型技术,分析不同情形下(不同生长状况、不同观测条件、不同环境条件等)互花米草的光谱特征,建立鲁棒的互花米草遥感检测模型,研究互花米草无人机高光谱图像高效获取方法,以实现互花米草的高效、准确监测,为亟需的外来入侵种互花米草业务化监测提供有效的技术手段。     

Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand

While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally.     

Particle size shapes the prokaryotic microbial communities in mangrove sediments: A case study of Sanya,China

The prokaryotic microbial communities in the sediments play crucial roles in the ecological functions of mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, the environmental factors that affect the structures of these prokaryotic microbial communities could indirectly participate in the regulation of mangrove functions, which is of great value for mangrove studies. The particle size (PS) of soils is recently demonstrated as a key environmental factor for shaping the microbial communities; however, this hypothesis has rarely been tested for mangrove environments. A case study of three tropical mangroves from Sanya, China was performed in this work to assess the influence of PS on the prokaryotic microbial community structures of bacteria, archaea, diazotrophs, and denitrifiers in the sediments. Results showed the variability in the spatial scale and the stability in the temporal scale for the prokaryotic communities, indicating that the tropical mangrove sediments could be a versatile but stable environment. Among the collected environmental factors, PS, salinity, and humidity had the greatest impacts, and PS mostly affected the structures of these prokaryotic communities based on its highest R2 values of canonical correspondence analysis, Mental test, and linear fitting (p≤0.05). Furthermore, PS was positively correlated with the diversity and abundance of diazotrophic communities and negatively correlated with the abundances of methanogenic communities including Methanobacteriaceae, Methanospirillaceae, Methanoregulaceae, and Methanosaetaceae. Former studies show the increasing trend of PS caused by the rise of sea level and the intensification of human activities. Therefore, our findings indicate that PS could be a potential intermediate that links climate change and human activities with the possible ecological function migration of mangroves; meanwhile, the increase of PS could in turn release the stress of these environmental changes by increasing the abundance and diversity of the diazotrophic community and decreasing the abundances of methanogens.     

A study of oil spill detection using ASAR images

The oil spilled worldwide causes ecological disasters that result in enormous damages to the quality of marine environment, and great expenses on clear-up operations are needed. Due to its wide coverage and day-night all-weather observation capability, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an important tool for oil spill monitoring and detection. C-band SAR is well adapted to detect oil pollution because oil slicks dampen the Bragg waves and reduce radar backscattering coefficients. In order to detect the area of oil slicks, the algorithm consists of these steps:Preprocessing, Masking of land areas, Detection of dark spots, Spot feature extraction, Dark spot classification. In this paper, the authors examined two coastal regions around Hong Kong and Yantai, China. The obtained results performed on Envisat ASAR images have demonstrated that it is efficient to detect oil spill around the coastal regions. The methodology still needs to be refined with the collection of more SAR data in the near future.