长江中下游两个系列铜、金矿床及其成矿流体系统的氢、氧、硫、铅同位素研究

基于长江中下游成矿带铜、金矿床地质特征和氢、氧、硫、铅同位素研究,认 为两个系列铜、金矿床是不同动力学背景、不同时代的两个成矿流体系统演化的产物： 层状矿床组成的系列Ⅰ铜、金矿床形成于海西期拉张构造背景下,由热卤水沿同生断裂上升,经海底喷流（气）和热水沉积作用形成;与中酸性岩浆侵入活动有关的系列Ⅱ铜、金矿床形成于燕山期特提斯构造域和古太平洋构造域复合及与之相关联的地幔隆起和地壳减薄等深部过程耦合作用背景下的造山作用挤压－伸展转变期,是岩浆热液与部分大气降水混合形成的热液流体经复杂的水－岩作用和输运－化学耦合过程形成的．叠加 作用是区内大型矿床的重要形成条件．     

金顶超大型铅锌矿床氦、氩同位素地球化学

对金顶超大型铅 锌矿床成矿阶段形成的黄铁矿中流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素的研究结果表明 ,成矿流体的40 Ar/ 3 6Ar≈ 30 1 .7～ 385 .7,3 He/ 4 He≈ 0 .0 3～ 0 .0 6Ra,成矿流体属于饱和空气的表生水 .在此基础上 ,对氦、氩、硫、铅同位素耦合关系的研究进一步确定出该矿床成矿流体的形成演化过程为 :饱和空气的大气成因地下水下渗增温→通过水 岩作用从盆地地层中获取硫和氯以及放射成因的氦和氩→浸取盆地底部幔源火成岩中的铅和锌→含矿流体回返上升成矿 .由于这一过程的结果 ,而使成矿流体留下了地壳放射成因氦、(叠加有部分放射成因40 Ar的 )大气氩、地壳成因硫和幔源铅的同位素组成特征 .     

滇-黔-桂地区右江盆地流体流动与成矿作用

对右江盆地及其周缘地区金、砷、锑、汞低温矿床的C,H,O,S,Sr同位素、同位素年代学、流体的常量、微量稀土元素地球化学等的综合研究表明,成矿流体为富含矿质的盆地流体,燕山晚期大规模的同源流体流动引起了大面积的低温成矿作用和硅化.在盆地和台地间,成矿流体由盆地流向台地;在盆地内部,流体由台间盆地流向孤立台地,同沉积断裂和古岩溶面是流体垂向和侧向流动的主要通道.     

滇-黔-桂地区右江盆地流体流动与成矿作用

对右江盆地及其周缘地区金、砷、锑、汞低温矿床的C,H,O,S,Sr同位素、同位素年代学、流体的常量、微量稀土元素地球化学等的综合研究表明,成矿流体为富含矿质的盆地流体,燕山晚期大规模的同源流体流动引起了大面积的低温成矿作用和硅化。在盆地和台地间,成矿流体由盆地流向台地;在盆地内部,流体由台间盆地流向孤立台地。同沉积断裂和古岩溶面是流体垂向和侧向流动的主要通道。     

成矿流体来源δD-δ~(18)O-~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr理论模型研究

利用D-~(18)O-~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr封闭-静态多元同位素平衡分馏水/岩交换理论模型,对新疆阿尔泰多拉纳萨依强烈热液交代金矿床成矿流体的可能来源及其特征进行了理论模拟计算,结果表明成矿流体为变质热液、水-岩交换温度区间大致为250～350℃并且有效累积水/岩质量单位比较高(w/R(?)1),该金矿床的形成可能与晚古生代末阿尔泰碰撞造山阶段在弧后扩张盆地中发育的有限相系浅变质作用有直接的成因关系。     

胶东成矿省巨量金成矿模型:来自地壳速度结构的约束

为理解地壳结构对超大规模造山型金成矿系统的控制作用,布设了一条NWW-SEE向穿越胶东金成矿省的宽频带流动台阵,通过噪声成像获得地壳S波速度结构.结果显示,在金矿省12～20km深度处存在一个显著的低速带(LVZ),可能为与成矿作用有关的热液蚀变带;在矿化规模和强度更大的成矿省西部下方8～12km处发育高速异常体,可能含有大量斜长角闪岩类组分,为金成矿提供部分物质来源.此外,成像结果还显示,在成矿省西部和东部分别发育犁式断层系统和陡倾斜断层系统.结合地壳速度结构特征及区域上金矿化与镁铁质岩脉有密切时空关系的地质事实,文章提出了基于地震学约束的胶东地区金成矿过程模型:镁铁质岩浆的积聚和脱气导致大规模成矿之前在中地壳形成热液蚀变带(LVZ);后来,随着上升流软流圈的加热,壳内蚀变带释放出含金流体,在犁式断层系统向上运移的过程中又可能从上地壳斜长角闪岩等岩石中萃取出部分金等成矿物质,形成富金流体;随后,富金流体继续沿不同的断层系统向上运移并因条件改变而发生矿质沉淀,在西部以韧-脆性为主的犁式断层系内形成大规模的蚀变岩型矿石,而在东部陡倾斜脆性断层系内形成规模相对较小的石英脉型矿石.     

壳内流体演化及地震成因(三)

根据对地壳和上地幔电性结构的研究，提出了地下岩体势能-动能转换地震成因学说．此学说不仅认为地下岩体间弹性应变能的积累对地震的孕育非常重要，而且认为地壳岩体重力势能和深部流体演化对一些地震的孕育和发生起了关键作用．本文根据前两篇文章(徐常芳，1996a，b)提出的依据，建立了拉张盆地地壳电性结构及流体演化模型，并据此对历史和现今大量地震过程中出现的异常和地壳排气现象进行了解释．      

板内强震的中地壳硬夹层孕震与流体促震假设

以国内外地壳流体及其与强震活动关系的最新研究结果为基础,进行了多方面的探索与论证,提出板内强震的中地壳硬夹层孕震与流体促震（BEH-PEF）的假设．该假设的要点是地壳中存在上下两大流体活动系统,其间发育有中地壳硬夹层,该层是地壳应力积累并孕育地震的层．当其中某些部位积累的应力达到屈服强度时,则进入微破裂-膨胀（扩容）阶段并形成震源体．被扩容的震源体在真空吸泵作用下,由下层流体系统把流体吸渗到其内,在震源体内引起剪切力增强与抗剪力减弱的两个过程同步发展,并最终因剪切力达到抗剪力导致震源体的破裂而发生地震．      

哀牢山金矿带矿化剂对金成矿的制约

在确定出哀牢山金矿带成矿流体中的硫是金成矿的主要矿化剂的基础上 ,对成矿流体的硫、氦、氩同位素以及与金成矿有关的地质事件进行了系统研究 .研究结果表明 ,哀牢山金矿带各金矿床的成矿流体 ,是富硫的深源高温流体与贫硫的大气成因低温地下水二端元混合的产物 ;富硫深源流体上升加入地壳浅层贫硫流体的过程 ,受喜山早期地壳拉张作用控制 ;哀牢山金矿带金成矿之所以集中在喜山早期 ,主要是通过喜山早期富硫的深源流体上升 ,加入原在该地区浅层断裂中循环的大气成因贫硫流体中 ,从而使这种贫硫的流体转化成富含足够硫进而能够大规模浸取金的成矿流体来实现的 .     

同生断层对层控超大型矿床的控制

同生断层对于超大型层控矿床的形成有重要的控制作用 .以对南秦岭、粤北、狼山等区的研究为基础 ,并综合对比国内外有关的同生断层控矿实例 ,提出了 3点新认识 :( 1 )不同级别的同生断层有不同的控矿作用 ,可称之为“同生断层多级控矿” ;( 2 )同生断层在盆地演化不同阶段 ,对盆地的流体 成矿系统有不同的控制作用 ;( 3)伴有热水沉积矿层的同生断层 ,在后期的构造 热事件中 ,因其作为地壳中先存的软弱面 ,常可复活而成为岩浆或热流体的通道 ,使原来的层状金属矿床又受到后期热液的叠加和改造 ,从而构成大型或超大型的复合型矿床 .     

南海西南海盆壳幔结构重力反演与热模拟分析

壳幔结构及扩张期后的岩浆活动是研究南海西南海盆形成演化的关键.本文针对NH973-1剖面开展壳幔密度结构重力反演,并依据重力反演的壳幔模型,定量模拟海底扩张期后的壳幔热结构与热演化过程.重力反演表明:西南海盆中央残余扩张脊之下存在一个较深的凹陷带,其下Moho面比两侧略深,呈现扩张期后的热沉降特点.热模拟发现:海盆扩张...     

S,C, O,H, and Pb isotopic studies for the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Southwest Guizhou,China: constraints for ore genesis

The Shuiyindong gold deposit is one of the most famous and largest Carlin-type gold deposits in China and is located in southwest Guizhou, in the eastern part of the Huijiabao anticline. The Shuiyindong's gold mineralization occurred in bioclastic limestone of the Permian Longtan Formation. Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and lead isotopic compositions are reported in this paper. The properties and sources of ore-forming fluid have been discussed and a metallogenic model for the Shuiyindong gold deposit has been proposed. The d34 S values of stibnite, realgar, orpiment, pyrite from orebodies, and pyrite from quartz veins are similar to or slightly higher than the d34 S values of mantle sulfur. It is suggested that the sulfur of hydrothermal sulfides was likely of magmatic origin with minor heavy sulfur contributed from the country rocks. The measured d D values and calculated d18OH2 O values of inclusion fluid in quartz plotted within or below a magmatic hydrothermal fluid field far from the meteoric water line. This indicates that the ore-forming fluid for the main-stage gold mineralization could have been derived mainly from a magmatic source and mixed with a small amount of meteoric water. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcites in the d18 O vs. d13 C diagram suggest that the CO2 in ore-forming fluid was derived from dissolution of bioclastic limestone and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon in limestone. However, the d13 C values of ore-related calcites, which contain intergrown realgar and/or orpiment, are similar to those of mantle carbon. Although no igneous intrusive rock has been observed in the vicinity of the gold deposits, the possibility of mantle fluid integrated into the ore-forming fluid cannot be eliminated based on the d13 C values of ore-related calcites. The lead isotopes of sulfides are distributed near the growth curves of upper crust and orogenic belt in the plumbotectonic diagram. Their calculated Dc and Db values plotted within the magmatism field of crust-mantle subduction zone in the Dc- Db diagram. This suggests that the lead of sulfides has an intimate connection with magmatism. Our S, H, O, C, and Pb isotopic studies for the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou manifest a concordant possibility that the ore-forming fluid was mainly derived from magmatic fluid with minor contribution from the surrounding strata. With the integration of comprehensive geology and isotopic geochemistry, we have proposed a magmatic hydrothermal model for the origin of the Shuiyindong gold deposit.     

Evidence of mantle-rooted fluids and multi-level circulation ore-forming dynamics: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong province,China

Metallogensis of the Xiadian gold deposit in Shandong Province has been a question under dispute for a long time. There are many points such as metamorphic hydrothermal, magamatic hydrothermal and meteoric water. Detailed study shows that mantle-rooted fluids were involved in the ore-forming processes. Evidence for this argumentation comes from: (1) discor-dogenic fault; (2) intersecting and accompanying of basic veins and lodes; (3) geochemistry of stable isotopes; (4) geochemistry of fluid inclusions; and (5) multi-level circulation and exchanging of mantle-rooted fluids. Based on the characteristics of the circulation system of mantle-rooted fluids and its close relation to magmatic hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water, ore-bearing fluids are divided into three subsystems: (1) C-H-O-rich fluid circulation subsystem in mantle, (2) Si-rich fluid circulation subsystem in the middle and lower crust; and (3) S-rich fluid circulation subsystem in shallow and surface crust. Ore-forming functions of these subsystems are controlled respectively by their different geodynamic settings.

     

Evidence of mantle-rooted fluids and multi-level circulation ore-forming dynamics: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit,Shandong province,China

Metallogensis of the Xiadian gold deposit in Shandong Province has been a question under dispute for a long time. There are many points such as metamorphic hydrothermal, magamatic hydrothermal and meteoric water. Detailed study shows that mantle-rooted fluids were involved in the ore-forming processes. Evidence for this argumentation comes from: (1) discor-dogenic fault; (2) intersecting and accompanying of basic veins and lodes; (3) geochemistry of stable isotopes; (4) geochemistry of fluid inclusions; and (5) multi-level circulation and exchanging of mantle-rooted fluids. Based on the characteristics of the circulation system of mantle-rooted fluids and its close relation to magmatic hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water, ore-bearing fluids are divided into three subsystems: (1) C-H-O-rich fluid circulation subsystem in mantle, (2) Si-rich fluid circulation subsystem in the middle and lower crust; and (3) S-rich fluid circulation subsystem in shallow and surface crust. Ore-forming functions of these subsystems are controlled respectively by their different geodynamic settings.     

Geology and isotopic composition of helium,neon, xenon and metallogenic age of the Jinding and Baiyangping ore deposits,northwest Yunnan,China

TheJindingoredeposit,locatedinthenorthwestYunnanProvince,isthelargestPb-Zndeposit(Pb Zn>15Mt1),averagingZn=6.08%andPb/Zn=1/4.7)inChinaatpresent.Toitsnorth,alargeCu-Co-AgdeposithasbeenfoundatBaiyangpingrecently1).TheJindingPb-Zndepositishostedinsandstonesa…     

Evidence of mantle-rooted fluids and multi-level circulation ore-forming dynamics: A case study from the Xiadian gold deposit, Shandong Province, China

Metallogensis of the Xiadian gold deposit in Shandong Province has been a question under dispute for a long time. There are many points such as metamorphic hydrothermal, magamatic hydrothermal and meteoric water. Detailed study shows that mantle-rooted fluids were involved in the ore-forming processes. Evidence for this argumentation comes from: (1) discordogenic fault; (2) intersecting and accompanying of basic veins and lodes; (3) geochemistry of stable isotopes; (4) geochemistry of fluid inclusions; and (5) multi-level circulation and exchanging of mantle-rooted fluids. Based on the characteristics of the circulation system of mantle-rooted fluids and its close relation to magmatic hydrothermal fluids and meteoric water, ore-bearing fluids are divided into three subsystems: (1) C-H-O-rich fluid circulation subsystem in mantle, (2) Si-rich fluid circulation subsystem in the middle and lower crust; and (3) S-rich fluid circulation subsystem in shallow and surface crust. Ore-forming functions of these subsystems are controlled respectively by their different geodynamic settings.     

The deep crustal accretion beneath the Laxmi Ridge in the northeastern Arabian Sea: the plume model again

The Laxmi Ridge is the most intriguing structural feature of the northeastern Arabian sea. It is char- acterized by unusual crustal structure and anomalous gravity signature. Though the earlier geophysical examinations provide some vital information about its crustal configuration, its origin and evolution have remained unsolved. Using the available seismic information, the present 2-D together with 3-D gravity modelings of the Laxmi Ridge crust:mantle system brought out a transitional layer between the depth of 11-22 km. This anomalous layer is not confined beneath the ridge axis but found to be present in the entire eastern basin and interpreted as a massive mafic intrusion beneath the region. Thickness of this layer at the base of the crust beneath the Laxmi Ridge decreases gradually towards the north-west. However, its extension towards the southeast and ultimate connection with the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge makes the western bound- ary of the magmatic crustal accretion along the west coast of India. It is suggested that the Deccan plume head mushrooming beneath the region has modified the crust with a huge magmatic intrusion. The then spreading centre coupled with the Deccan volcanic eruption is held responsible for the present day con- figuration of the Laxmi Ridge.     

Sources of ore-forming fluids and metallic materials in the Jinwozi lode gold deposit,eastern Tianshan Mountains of China

This paper presents gas compositions and H-, O-isotope compositions of sulfide- and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions, and S-, Pb-isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210 of the Jinwozi lode gold deposit, eastern Tianshan Mountains of China. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are dominantly primary. H-and O-isotopic compositions of pyrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate two major contributions to the ore-forming fluid that include the degassed magma and the meteoric-derived but rock ¹⁸O-buffered groundwater. However, H- and O-isotopic compositions of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions essentially suggest the presence of groundwater. Sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions show considerably higher abundances of gaseous species CO₂, N₂, H₂S, etc. than quartz-hosted ones. The linear trends among inclusion gaseous species reflect the mixing tendency between the gas-rich magmatic fluid and the groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions, coupled with the banded ore structure indicating alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfide minerals, suggests that the magmatic fluid has been inputted to the ore-forming fluid in pulsation. Sulfur and lead isotope compositions of pyrite and galena separates indicate an essential magma derivation for sulfur but the multiple sources for metallic materials from the mantle to the bulk crust.     

Sources of ore-forming fluids and metallic materials in the Jinwozi lode gold deposit,eastern Tianshan Mountains of China

This paper presents gas compositions and H-, O-isotope compositions of sulfide- and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions, and S-, Pb-isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210 of the Jinwozi lode gold deposit, eastern Tianshan Mountains of China. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are dominantly primary. H-and O-isotopic compositions of pyrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate two major contributions to the ore-forming fluid that include the degassed magma and the meteoric-derived but rock ¹⁸O-buffered groundwater. However, H- and O-isotopic compositions of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions essentially suggest the presence of groundwater. Sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions show considerably higher abundances of gaseous species CO₂, N₂, H₂S, etc. than quartz-hosted ones. The linear trends among inclusion gaseous species reflect the mixing tendency between the gas-rich magmatic fluid and the groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions, coupled with the banded ore structure indicating alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfide minerals, suggests that the magmatic fluid has been inputted to the ore-forming fluid in pulsation. Sulfur and lead isotope compositions of pyrite and galena separates indicate an essential magma derivation for sulfur but the multiple sources for metallic materials from the mantle to the bulk crust.

     

Sources of ore-forming fluids and metallic materials in the Jinwozi lode gold deposit, eastern Tianshan Mountains of China

This paper presents gas compositions and H-, O-isotope compositions of sulfide- and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions, and S-, Pb-isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210 of the Jinwozi lode gold deposit, eastern Tianshan Mountains of China. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are dominantly primary. H- and O-isotopic compositions of pyrite-hosted fluid inclusions indicate two major contributions to the ore-forming fluid that include the degassed magma and the meteoric-derived but rock 18O-buffered groundwater. However, H- and O-isotopic compositions of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions essentially suggest the presence of groundwater. Sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions show considerably higher abundances of gaseous species CO2, N2, H2S, etc. Than quartz-hosted ones. The linear trends among inclusion gaseous species reflect the mixing tendency between the gas-rich magmatic fluid and the groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in sulfide-hosted fluid inclusions, coupled with the banded ore structure indicating alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfide minerals, suggests that the magmatic fluid has been inputted to the ore-forming fluid in pulsation. Sulfur and lead isotope compositions of pyrite and galena separates indicate an essential magma derivation for sulfur but the multiple sources for metallic materials from the mantle to the bulk crust.