镇江市防震减灾宣传教育的几种形式与效果

几年来，镇江市地震办公室通过电视录像、知识竞赛、科普宣传周、新闻报道等形式，开展了防震减灾宣传教育工作。该文介绍了开展这项工作的概况及其所取得的社会效果，并进行了初步分析，认为宣传形式要因地、因时制宜，以通俗易懂，生活活泼，群众喜闻乐见为原则。     

潮州市防震减灾工作实践与探索

介绍了潮州市为探索新时期、新形势下开展防震减灾工作思路所做的一些尝试以及在防震减灾职能的发挥、防震减灾法制建设、地震灾害防御、地震应急等诸多领域取得的进展和相应的社会效益。     

浅析黑龙江省防震减灾地方立法与中央立法的调适

本文从地方立法与中央立法关系的角度,结合《黑龙江省防震减灾条例》修订过程中的一些实际问题,对黑龙江省防震减灾地方立法的定位与发展进行了分析探讨,为黑龙江省防震减灾法制建设完善提供了参考。     

重庆大足县防震减灾工作实践与探索

介绍重庆大足县为探索新时期、新形势下开展防震减灾工作思路所做的一些尝试以及在防震减灾职能的发挥、防震减灾法制建设、地震灾害防御、地震应急等诸多方面取得的进展和相应的社会效益。     

中国法制建设考察组赴新西兰访问考察

20 0 1年 1 2月 8～ 2 1日 ,由中国地震局、全国人大教科文卫委员会、国务院法制办公室和国家标准化管理委员会有关人员组成的法制建设考察组赴新西兰进行了考察。惠灵顿市紧急事务管理局局长代表惠灵顿市市长接见了考察团 ,惠灵顿市政厅负责经济事务、保险事务、国际合作事务和中国事务的有关官员与考察组进行了座谈。考察团还与惠灵顿市政厅和新西兰地质研究所的有关专家座谈 ,交流了两国防震减灾立法、标准化工作和地震保险研究等方面的情况 ,并初步探讨了两国间在防震减灾法制建设和标准化工作方面建立合作关系的有关事宜。新西兰是一个…     

高台县防震减灾工作浅谈

近年来，高台县防震减灾工作取得了很大的进展，其中防震减灾宣传工作发挥了重要作用。对高台县的防震减灾宣传工作经验进行总结，以便为今后的防震减灾工作服务。     

关于完善西藏防震减灾工作中地方法规建设的思考

随着以法治国方略的实施和中国特色社会主义法律体系的初步建立,以《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》为基本框架的防震减灾法规体系得到不断完善。长期以来西藏受各种因素的影响,自治区防震减灾地方立法进展缓慢,对此,结合西藏防震减灾法制建设实际,在完善西藏防震减灾地方立法方面提出自己的一些观点和措施。     

法制建设与防震减灾事业发展的互为作用

从法理学的角度,探讨了防震减灾法制建设与防震减灾事业发展的内在关系和相互作用。防震减灾事业的社会化进程,促进了防震减灾法的形成,影响着法体内容和表现方式、立法体制和调整范围;同样,防震减灾法的实施,推动了事业的综合全面发展,确认了责利关系与发展方向,促进了地震科学技术的进步。正是这种内在的互动与互为关系,形成了共同进步的原动力。     

青岛市防震减灾宣传工作的特点和对策

近年来，青岛市防震减灾事业取得了很大的进展，其中防震减灾宣传工作起了重要的作用。文章以青岛市的防震减灾宣传实践为例，总结了近几年来青岛市防震减灾宣传工作的特点和对策。     

《山西省防震减灾条例》于2002年9月1日开始实施

山西省第 9届人大常委会第 30次会议通过修订的《山西省防震减灾条例》(下称《条例》)已经公布 ,于 2 0 0 2年 9月 1日起实施。这是山西省一部重要的地方性法规 ,它的发布标志着山西省防震减灾的法制建设进入了新的阶段。1996年 ,山西省人大常委会通过了《山西省防震减灾暂行条     

Changes in rainfall and relative humidity in river basins in northwest and central India

Seasonal and annual trends of changes in rainfall, rainy days, heaviest rain and relative humidity have been studied over the last century for nine different river basins in northwest and central India. The majority of river basins have shown increasing trends both in annual rainfall and relative humidity. The magnitude of increased rainfall for considered river basins varied from 2–19% of mean per 100 years. The maximum increase in rainfall is observed in the Indus (lower) followed by the Tapi river basin. Seasonal analysis shows maximum increase in rainfall in the post‐monsoon season followed by the pre‐monsoon season. There were least variations in the monsoon rainfall during the last century and winter rainfall has shown a decreasing trend. Most of the river basins have experienced decreasing trends in annual rainy days with a maximum decrease in the Mahanadi basin. The heaviest rain of the year has increased from 9–27 mm per 100 years over different river basins with a maximum of 27 mm for the Brahamani and Subaranrekha river basins. A combination of increase in heaviest rainfall and reduction in the number of rainy days suggest the possibility of increasing severity of floods. Such information is useful in the planning, development and management of water resources in the study area. Further, the majority of river basins have also experienced an increasing trend in relative humidity both on seasonal and annual scales. An increase in annual mean relative humidity for six river basins has been found in the range of 1–18% of mean per 100 years, while a decrease for three river basins from ? 1 to ? 13% of mean per 100 years was observed, providing a net increase in the study area by 2·4% of mean per 100 years. It is understood that an increase in areal extent of vegetation cover as well as rainfall over the last century has increased the moisture in the atmosphere through enhanced evapotranspiration, which in turn has increased the relative humidity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phosphorus dynamics in water and sediments in urbanized and non-urbanized rivers in Southern Brazil

Phosphorus flux models show that the removal tends to be a common feature in polluted estuarine systems whereas the release of P to the adjacent coastal area occurs in pristine environments. This study analyzes the distribution of P in water and sediments along six rivers in the south coast of Brazil. Three rivers located inside protected areas were considered non-polluted and used as a control of urbanization. The other three, situated within urbanized areas, were considered as having highly elevated concentrations of P. Results showed a different behavior of P in water and sediments located in urbanized and non-urbanized areas. The concentrations of dissolved organic (P-org) and inorganic (P-inorg) phosphorus in water, and the total phosphorus (P-tot) and polyphosphate (P-poly) in sediments where higher in the urbanized rivers compared to the non-urbanized ones. Both P of punctual origin and of diffuse origin contributed to the maintenance of elevated concentrations and disturbed the natural fluxes along the polluted rivers. The minimum and maximum concentrations in urbanized areas varied from 0.39 to 12.45 (microM) for P-org and 0.00 to 5.92 (microM) for P-inorg in water, and in sediments from 89.90 to 808.16 (microM g(-1)) for P-tot and 0.00 to 76.51 (microM g(-1)) for P-poly. In non-urbanized areas concentrations in water varied from 0.22 to 1.20 (microM) for P-inorg and 4.43 to 5.56 (microM) for P-org, and in sediments from 45.91 to 652.26 (microM g(-1)) for P-tot and 0.00 to 8.61 (microM g(-1)) for P-poly. Using a hierarchical sampling design and a simple model of variation of P (K(d) model) it was possible to demonstrate that urbanized and non-urbanized estuaries may act as sinks or sources of P. The variation of P analysis in different points along each of the six rivers showed that release and removal areas may occur within a same river independently of its urbanization.     

Spatial and temporal variations in rainfall characteristics in mountainous and lowland areas in Taiwan

Although changes in rainfall characteristics have been noted across the world, few studies have reported those in mountainous areas. This study was undertaken to clarify spatial and temporal variations in rainfall characteristics such as annual rainfall amount (Pr), mean daily rainfall intensity (η), and ratio of rain days (λ) in mountainous and lowland areas in Taiwan. To this aim, we examined spatial and year‐to‐year variations and marginal long‐term trends in Pr, η, and λ, based on rainfall data from 120 stations during the period 1978–2008. The period mean rainfall () at the lowland stations had strong relationships with the period mean daily rainfall intensity () and the period mean ratio of rain days () during those 31 years. Meanwhile, was only strongly related to at mountainous stations, indicating that influences on spatial variations in were different between lowland and mountainous stations. Year‐to‐year variations in Pr at each station were primarily determined from the variation in η at most stations for both lowland and mountainous stations. Long‐term trend analysis showed that Pr and η increased significantly at 10% and 31% of the total 120 stations, respectively, and λ decreased significantly at 6% of the total. The increases in Pr were mostly accompanied by increases in η. Although stations with significant η increases were slightly biased toward the western lowland area, increases or decreases in Pr and λ were not common. These results contribute to understanding the impacts of possible climate changes on terrestrial hydrological cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New developments in process understanding and modelling in geomorphology: introduction and overview

This Special Issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms develops from the ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’ Annual Conference of the British Society for Geomorphology, organised at the University of Birmingham, UK, in July 2007. Entitled ‘New Developments in Process Understanding and Modelling in Geomorphology’, the Issue comprises a vibrant selection of 10 ‘process’ papers from leading researchers in geomorphological processes who presented at Birmingham. It aims to provide a readily accessible source of new and emerging ideas in understanding different landform processes across a range of space and time scales, based on innovations in geomorphological modelling and monitoring. The last few years have seen significant and exciting changes in geomorphology, especially in conceptual developments, numerical simulations, monitoring methodologies, data‐acquisition strategies and dating techniques. The resultant empirical datasets, theory development and modelling results have generated substantial advances in the understanding of geomorphological processes, form‐process feedbacks, scale impacts, long‐term landform evolution, the effects of climate and environmental change, and human impacts and management strategies. The Special Issue attempts to address the following key challenges: (a) to build on our Conference theme ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’, by identifying fundamental areas where doors need to be opened, for example in theory development, conceptual understanding, model evaluation, integration of the chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics of geomorphological processes, experimental validation, data needs and monitoring requirements; (b) to look forward to the next decade and beyond, and critically examine some of the approaches we will need for the questions ahead; and (c) to stimulate new research in the geomorphological sciences by highlighting both research gaps and promising developments, including emerging process modelling approaches, monitoring technologies and robust datasets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in oxygen-18 content of throughfall and rainfall in hardwood and coniferous forests

The differences between δ¹⁸O in throughfall and open rainfall were studied for 16 selected spring and summer storms in deciduous, pine and spruce forests in central Pennsylvania, USA. Throughfall δ¹⁸O averaged 0.17, 0.32 and 0.24%_o greater than δ¹⁸O of open rainfall for all storms at the deciduous, pine and spruce sites, respectively. Throughfall ¹⁸O enrichment was greater in low intensity spring rainfall events than higher intensity growing season storms and greater in the coniferous stands than the deciduous hardwood stand. Maximum throughfall ¹⁸O enrichment of l.61%_o occurred in the spruce forest during one spring event. The differences between rainfall and throughfall ¹⁸O observed in this study for individual storm events may have important implications for isotope flow separation studies.     

我国地震应急与救援发展的思考

归纳总结了我国地震应急与救援的主要进展和存在的主要问题,提出10条地震应急与救援的发展启示及展望。     

夏季滇池和入滇河流氮、磷污染特征

为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流(城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流)及滇池水样,分析其氮、磷浓度.结果表明:4条入湖河流总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重;河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为:农田型河流(大河)村镇型河流(柴河)城乡结合型河流(宝象河)城市纳污型河流(盘龙江),其中农田型河流(大河)水体TN、TP污染最为严重;在夏季,4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显,表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集;氮磷比分析表明,夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长,并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制;夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流,该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP污染分布状况相反,推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放.因此,在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中,应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究.     

海南福山凹陷油气勘探实践与认识

南方石油勘探开发公司通过地震攻关,克服了火成岩地震屏蔽难题,在海南福山凹陷油气勘探中取得了新成果;并提出了一套适用于南方中新生代复杂小盆地的油气勘探程序、方法与技术。     

我国流域水生态监测与评价体系研究进展及发展对策

水生态监测与评价是水生态系统管理、保护和可持续利用的基础。20世纪80年代开始,欧美发达国家水环境管理政策开始强调生态保护,重视流域水生态质量,先后开展了以水生生物为核心的河流水生态监测与评价研究计划。然而我国目前流域水环境监测与评价的指标主要以传统的理化监测指标为主,缺乏指示水生态变化的水生生物指标,单一的水质改善无法反映水生态环境好转这一长远目标,不能满足“十四五”水生态环境管理由以水污染防治为主向水环境、水生态、水资源“三水”统筹转变的总体要求。本研究系统分析发达国家和地区(如美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等)水生态监测与评价技术体系与业务化运行方面的先进经验,总结梳理我国水生态监测与评价试点已有的工作基础,分析制约我国当前流域水生态监测与评价的关键问题,从保护目标、管理模式、监测网络、科学研究和公众参与五个方面,提出开展我国流域水生态监测与评价体系构建和业务化运行的有关建议,为准确评估和预测流域水生态质量状况的变化、开展保护修复成效评估提供决策支持和重要参考。     

水生生物监测质量保证、质量控制与标准化:动态与展望

水生生物监测是流域水生态状况评价的重要基础,监测数据的准确性和可靠性直接影响水生态环境质量评价与流域水生态管理成效。目前我国水生生物监测质量保证和质量控制体系尚处于持续完善的阶段,关键环节的控制要求和质控目标等亟待明确和细化。本文总结了欧美发达国家水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系建设中的经验,通过梳理我国水生生物监测工作基础与进展,较为系统地提出了适合我国现状的水生生物监测质量保证与质量控制体系标准化建设对策建议,包括实验室内部和外部质量保证与质量控制、水生生物监测质控数据库、人工智能识别和环境DNA新技术质控要点等标准化建议,为实现水生生物监测业务化运行,准确评估我国流域水生态质量状况的变化提供技术支撑。