基于Pushover方法的漫滩软土区地铁车站抗震分析

为研究地下结构Pushover分析方法在不同条件下的适用性,基于有限元软件平台,建立长江漫滩区地铁车站土-结构二维有限元分析模型,分别采用非线性动力时程分析方法与地下结构Pushover分析方法对5种不同土体刚度模型进行抗震分析。峰值层间位移角与峰值内力的分析结果表明,当土体刚度与结构刚度一致时,地下结构Pushover分析方法计算结果与非线性动力时程分析方法计算结果相近,而当土体刚度小于结构刚度或土体刚度大于结构刚度时,Pushover分析方法计算精度下降。     

高层建筑结构静力弹塑性分析的Pushover-QR法

将QR法与Pushovcer分忻方法相结合,提出了高层建筑结构静力弹塑性分析的Pushover-QR（PO-QR）法。该方法沿用了常规Pushover方法进行抗震结构静力弹塑性分析的实施思路,用QR法代替Pushover分析方法中的有限元部分,充分利用这两种方法的优点,使得抗震结构静力弹塑性分析的计算得到较大的简化。PO-QR法程序的工程算例表明,该法是一种经济、有效、可行的分析方法。     

考虑土-结构相互作用的框架结构抗震性能分析

目前结构的抗震分析主要是采用刚性地基假定,忽略了土-结构相互作用,而在实际情况中结构的地震破坏与刚性地基假定的预期结果并不相同。为了对比差异,本文以一6层混凝土框架结构为例,分别进行了Pushover分析和非线性时程分析。结果表明:当考虑土-结构相互作用时,结构的基底剪力减小,周期增大,顶点位移增大且结构的破坏主要集中在首层,柱端出现了塑性铰,更符合实际的震害情况。并将Pushover分析与非线性时程分析的结果进行对比,验证了Pushover分析的可靠性。     

基于自由场局部变形的地下结构抗震Pushover分析方法

对地下结构抗震Pushover分析方法进行了改进,采用自由场局部变形峰值作为目标位移,局部变形峰值时刻对应的土层水平加速度作为等效惯性加速度输入。给出了局部变形峰值和等效惯性加速度确定方式,详细介绍了基于自由场局部变形的地下结构抗震Pushover分析方法实施步骤、使用方法和功能特点。该方法更有针对性地考虑了强地震作用下不同埋深地下结构与土体的非线性特征以及两者之间的相互作用,通过分析变形和受力情况可以得到完整的能力曲线,更好地评估地下结构抗震性能。使用本文方法对3种埋深的地下结构进行计算,并与动力非线性分析结果进行对比研究。结果表明:本方法在计算稳定性和模拟精度方面优于基于自由场整体变形的Pushover方法;对于不同的输入地震波,能力曲线的吻合程度更高;在强震和罕遇地震情况下,对于深埋地下结构,计算结果略大于动力非线性结果,对实际工程而言更加安全。     

能力谱方法在桥梁抗震性能评估中的应用研究

位移延性是桥梁抗震性能的重要指标之一,以Pushover分析为基础的能力谱方法能够考察结构在地震下的弹塑性位移响应,是抗震性能评估的一种有效手段.文中阐述了能力谱法的基本原理,说明了基于弹塑性反应谱的能力谱方法在求解性能点时不需要进行迭代计算;基于弹性设计反应谱建立了相对应的弹塑性反应谱,结合某实桥,将能力谱方法和增量动力分析方法进行了对比,并根据不同的地震基本烈度和场地土类型进行了抗震性能评估.分析认为,能力谱方法计算简便,对结构1阶振型的地震响应占主导时,具有较好的精度,并能够基于设计反应谱来考察结构的弹塑性抗震性能,可用于桥梁抗震性能的评估.     

Pushover分析方法的发展及其在桥梁结构中的应用

非线性静力分析方法（Pushover分析方法）可以较好地检验结构的变形能力,找到结构的薄弱环节,控制强烈地震作用下结构破坏程度,对工程设计有很强的指导意义。但目前Pushover分析方法的种类很多,各自有着不同的优缺点和适用范围,针对桥梁结构,阐述静力非线性分析方法（Pushover）的原理及其研究发展概况,评述了各种Pushover方法的优缺点,并分析了Pushover方法用于桥梁结构的基本原理和评价方法,指出Pushover方法用于桥梁结构存在的问题。     

强震下水闸结构抗震性能分析

强震下的水闸结构抗震性能尚待深入研究,结合实际工程案例,运用UC-WCOMD有限元分析软件建立精细化的水闸计算模型,并分别采用Pushover法和时程分析法讨论水闸在强震作用下的抗震性能,结果表明:结合抗震设防目标,采用Pushover分析法评估水闸的抗侧能力,并采用弹塑性时程分析方法进行强震下的抗震性能校核,是值得推荐的研究方法。     

地下结构抗震简化分析方法比较研究

地下结构抗震是当今地震工程领域重要的研究方向之一。迄今,国内外学者在地下结构抗震分析中提出了解析方法、数值分析方法和简化分析方法等多种理论。本文系统介绍了目前国内外常见的地下结构抗震简化分析方法,包括地震系数法、自由场变形法、柔度系数法、反应位移法、反应加速度法和地下结构Pushover分析方法。针对各分析方法的计算模型、关键参数、优缺点以及存在的问题进行了较为系统的评述,采用这些方法计算了日本阪神地震中损毁的大开地铁车站地震反应,并与严格的动力时程分析方法结果进行了比较,分析了各种方法的计算精度,可为进一步发展和完善现有的地下结构抗震简化分析方法提供参考。     

高压变压器抗震可靠度分析

首先分析了变压器的震害特征，措出了变压器的抗震薄弱环节，根据变压器绝缘瓷件的结构特点，建立了具有柔性结点的有限元分析计算模型，应用高压电气设备抗震可靠性分析方法，对高压变压器进行了抗震可靠性计算，计算结果表明，高压变压器顶部瓷件在低烈度下的抗震性能良好，抗震可靠性指标较高，本文所得结果可为高压电气设备抗震性能评价与区域电力系统抗震可靠性分析提供基础。     

桥梁震害的历史回顾(下)

震害是桥梁抗震研究的第一手资料,值得认真学习及反复思考桥梁抗震发展历史与趋势。文中梳理了21世纪以来桥梁震害情况,它们大多依现代结构分析理论及抗震规范设计,以期能对桥梁震害在整体上获得更客观和深刻的认识,甚至发现新的研究问题以供讨论。以美国地震工程研究学会(earthquake engineering research institute, EERI)的(learning from earthquake, LFE)项目地震资料为主,展示了近20年出现的桥梁典型性震害并进行初步的评价。最后得出结论和建议:隔震桥梁宜增强其位移控制能力;建议将液化和地质次生灾害融入地震烈度区划图;发展指导新桥设计与旧桥加固相统一的基于性能设计方法;增强对近(跨)断层与桥梁基础抗震相关问题的研究。     

在役公路梁式桥综合震害等级预测研究

为客观预测在役公路梁式桥综合震害状况,考虑在役桥梁在运营期存在的病害问题,从压力和承压两方面建立在役公路梁式桥综合震害预测评价指标体系.以桥梁作为承灾体,建立在役公路梁式桥综合震害物元可拓模型,运用熵权法进行赋权,确定桥梁的综合震害状况.以一座在役梁式桥为例,运用上述模型确定算例的综合震害状况.研究结果表明,该桥的综合...     

Earthquake damage potential and critical scour depth of bridges exposed to flood and seismic hazards under lateral seismic loads

Many bridges located in seismic hazard regions suffer from serious foundation exposure caused by riverbed scour. Loss of surrounding soil significantly reduces the lateral strength of pile foundations. When the scour depth exceeds a critical level, the strength of the foundation is insufficient to withstand the imposed seismic demand, which induces the potential for unacceptable damage to the piles during an earthquake. This paper presents an analytical approach to assess the earthquake damage potential of bridges with foundation exposure and identify the critical scour depth that causes the seismic performance of a bridge to differ from the original design. The approach employs the well-accepted response spectrum analysis method to determine the maximum seismic response of a bridge. The damage potential of a bridge is assessed by comparing the imposed seismic demand with the strengths of the column and the foundation. The versatility of the analytical approach is illustrated with a numerical example and verified by the nonlinear finite element analysis. The analytical approach is also demonstrated to successfully determine the critical scour depth. Results highlight that relatively shallow scour depths can cause foundation damage during an earthquake, even for bridges designed to provide satisfactory seismic performance.     

铁路梁式桥地震灾害损失评估

针对铁路桥梁地震灾害评估中多因素影响问题,结合铁路桥梁地震灾害的复杂特点和各结构层次的震害表现形式,从桥面系、上部结构和下部结构3个方面构建铁路梁式桥地震灾害评估指标体系.基于改进的层次分析法计算了各评估指标的权重,以桥梁承灾系统为研究主体,运用多级综合模糊理论,建立铁路梁式桥震害评估模型.结合汶川地震中一座铁路混凝土...     

基于VC++的梁式桥震害评估软件

震后桥梁结构震害快速评估能够为地震应急救援提供重要参考信息,对减灾工作具有重要价值。为了快速准确地评估遭受地震影响梁式桥的破坏状态,使梁式桥震害评估方法在地震应急中发挥更大作用,基于统计回归模型、神经网络模型和推断模型等三种梁式桥震害评估模型,采用VC++6.0及Access2003数据库软件开发了有关评估软件,并以桥梁震害资料为算例验证了软件的可靠性。     

基于模糊理论的高铁连续梁桥地震风险评估

以某高速铁路线上一座连续梁桥为例,运用模糊综合评判法,结合基于位移的支座损伤分析和截面曲率的桥墩损伤分析,以全概率理论地震损失模型为基础,提出了基于模糊理论的桥梁系统地震经济风险评估方法。结果表明:综合考虑桥梁系统的模糊地震经济风险分析方法能更全面地计算出连续梁桥在地震作用下的经济损失,仅以桥墩构件代表全桥所得地震经济损失误差较大。基于模糊理论的年预期损失风险框架方法通过结构抗震性能的概率特征可对高速铁路连续梁桥的地震直接经济风险进行全面评估,为该类桥梁的抗震设计、维修加固和灾后重建等方案做出合理评价。     

A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic evaluation of multi-span simply supported deck bridges

A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic assessment of highway bridges is proposed. The proposed methodology is based on an Inverse (I), Adaptive (A) application of the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM), with the capacity curve of the bridge derived through a Displacement-based Adaptive Pushover (DAP) analysis. For this reason, the acronym IACSM is used to identify the proposed methodology. A number of Performance Levels (PLs), for which the seismic vulnerability and seismic risk of the bridge shall be evaluated, are identified. Each PL is associated to a number of Damage States (DSs) of the critical members of the bridge (piers, abutments, joints and bearing devices). The IACSM provides the earthquake intensity level (PGA) corresponding to the attainment of the selected DSs, using over-damped elastic response spectra as demand curves. The seismic vulnerability of the bridge is described by means of fragility curves, derived based on the PGA values associated to each DS. The seismic risk of the bridge is evaluated as convolution integral of the product between the fragility curves and the seismic hazard curve of the bridge site. In this paper, the key aspects and basic assumptions of the proposed methodology are presented first. The IACSM is then applied to nine existing simply supported deck bridges, characterized by different types of piers and bearing devices. Finally, the IACSM predictions are compared with the results of nonlinear response time-history analysis, carried out using a set of seven ground motions scaled to the expected PGA values.     

Probabilistic performance‐based optimum design of seismic isolation for a California high‐speed rail prototype bridge

Previous comparison studies on seismic isolation have demonstrated its beneficial and detrimental effects on the structural performance of high‐speed rail bridges during earthquakes. Striking a balance between these 2 competing effects requires proper tuning of the controlling design parameters in the design of the seismic isolation system. This results in a challenging problem for practical design in performance‐based engineering, particularly when the uncertainty in seismic loading needs to be explicitly accounted for. This problem can be tackled using a novel probabilistic performance‐based optimum seismic design (PPBOSD) framework, which has been previously proposed as an extension of the performance‐based earthquake engineering methodology. For this purpose, a parametric probabilistic demand hazard analysis is performed over a grid in the seismic isolator parameter space, using high‐throughput cloud‐computing resources, for a California high‐speed rail (CHSR) prototype bridge. The derived probabilistic structural demand hazard results conditional on a seismic hazard level and unconditional, i.e., accounting for all seismic hazard levels, are used to define 2 families of risk features, respectively. Various risk features are explored as functions of the key isolator parameters and are used to construct probabilistic objective and constraint functions in defining well‐posed optimization problems. These optimization problems are solved using a grid‐based, brute‐force approach as an application of the PPBOSD framework, seeking optimum seismic isolator parameters for the CHSR prototype bridge. This research shows the promising use of seismic isolation for CHSR bridges, as well as the potential of the versatile PPBOSD framework in solving probabilistic performance‐based real‐world design problems.     

耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构的振动台实验和损伤分析

本文采用人工神经元网络理论，对城市公路网络中的单元路段和桥梁的震害预测进行了探讨。在前人研究的基础上，提出了解决这一非确定性问题的一个有效的方法，对于深入研究生命线工程系统震害的规律具有普遍的意义，从而使我们有可能避免地震造成的破坏和最大限度地减小损失，为抗震减灾提供决策依据。     

Seismic response of skewed RC box-girder bridges

It is critical to ensure the functionality of highway bridges after earthquakes to provide access to important facilities. Since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, there has been a better understanding of the seismic performance of bridges. Nonetheless, there are no detailed guidelines addressing the performance of skewed highway bridges. Several parameters affect the response of skewed highway bridges under both service and seismic loads which makes their behavior complex. Therefore, there is a need for more research to study the effect of skew angle and other related factors on the performance of highway bridges. This paper examines the seismic performance of a three-span continuous concrete box girder bridge with skew angles from 0 to 60 degrees, analytically. Finite element （FE） and simplified beam-stick （BS） models of the bridge were developed using SAP2000. Different types of analysis were considered on both models such as： nonlinear static pushover, and linear and nonlinear time history analyses. A comparison was conducted between FE and BS, different skew angles, abutment support conditions, and time history and pushover analysis. It is shown that the BS model has the capability to capture the coupling due to skew and the significant modes for moderate skew angles. Boundary conditions and pushover load profile are determined to have a major effect on pushover analysis. Pushover analysis may be used to predict the maximum deformation and hinge formation adequately.