鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6储层微观孔隙结构及控制因素

基于铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、恒速压汞等测试数据,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6储层及微观孔隙结构特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区储层主要以长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔隙类型多样,主要为粒间孔和长石溶孔。恒速压汞测试结果表明:平均喉道半径、有效喉道体积、平均孔隙半径、有效孔隙体积、孔喉比等恒速压汞相关特征参数与样品孔隙度、渗透率之间存在一定的相关性。样品的渗透率越大,其平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径就越大,而孔喉比值越低。储层喉道是控制渗透率的根本因素。储层孔隙发育主要受沉积相带和成岩作用控制,沉积相带的不同导致成分成熟度和结构成熟度的不同,从而影响储层孔隙的不同;压实作用和碳酸盐胶结使孔隙减少,而溶蚀作用则起到一定的增孔作用。     

不同岩性火山岩孔隙度压力敏感性及其影响因素：以长岭断陷火山岩为例

为了解不同岩性火山岩孔隙度的压力敏感性,笔者选取长岭断陷安山岩、角砾凝灰岩和凝灰岩的代表性岩样,分别进行3.4、8.3、13.1、17.9、22.8、27.6、32.4、37.2 MPa多个覆压条件下的气体法孔隙度测量。结果表明,随着压力的增大,3种岩性岩样的孔隙度呈不同幅度的减小,幅度减小程度由大到小的岩性依次为凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、安山岩;说明凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性较强、角砾凝灰岩的孔隙压力敏感性居中、安山岩的孔隙压力敏感性最弱。经X射线衍射全岩分析、偏光显微镜下岩石薄片鉴定、高压压汞仪实验和基于CPMG脉冲序列的核磁共振实验分析显示,岩石组份、颗粒分选、孔径分布是影响孔隙压力敏感性的关键因素;塑性矿物体积分数越大、颗粒越小、孔径越小,相应孔隙度的压力敏感性越强。     

辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能研究

运用火山岩岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔、渗及压汞分析等多种分析测试手段研究了辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能, 认为: (1) 火山岩储集空间以次生孔缝为主, 原生孔缝大多已被充填; (2) 孔喉狭窄, 平均连通孔喉半径一般在0.100~ 0.500 μm左右.孔喉分布主要有单峰型和平峰型两种; (3) 孔隙组合类型有微裂缝型、微裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙型3种, 并以前两种类型为主; (4) 孔隙度值在1.0 %~ 16.3%之间, 渗透率在0.0 12× 10-3 ~12×10-3 μm2, 属低孔特低渗储集层; (5) 储层非均质性强, 渗透率级差为10 0 0, 突进系数为12.41, 变异系数为2.3.根据上述特点提出了火山岩储集层划分方案; (6) 由于孔/喉比值较小, 火山岩储集层的压汞退出效率较高, 平均达47.9%, 预示了较高的油气产能.      

青平川油田高家沟区长2储层微观孔隙结构特征

根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞等分析测试手段研究了青平川油田高家沟区长2储层微观孔隙结构特征。研究表明:长2储层总体属于低孔隙度、低渗透率储层;孔隙类型以粒间孔隙占绝对优势,其次为长石粒内溶孔,平均总面孔率为7.7%,最大孔隙直径可达200μm,平均为38.5μm;长2储层孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强,常见的5类孔隙结构中以大孔中细喉型和中孔中细喉型为主,是长2储层主要的储集空间和渗流通道。     

碳酸盐岩储层微观孔隙结构静态表征与动态评价 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部马五段为例

在岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜观察和物性分析的基础上,应用高压压汞、气水相渗、核磁共振等分析测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部下奥陶统马五段储层微观孔隙结构进行了静态表征与动态评价.鄂尔多斯盆地西北部马五段的岩性主要为白云岩,孔隙度、渗透率较低,对油气储集和渗流具有较大意义的储集空间为晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞、铸模孔和裂缝.依据压汞...     

西湖凹陷花港组低渗储层微结构及孔隙演化定量评价

东海盆地西湖凹陷发育大量低渗储层,低渗油气具有广阔的勘探前景。通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、X线衍射、粒度分析及物性等资料,分析了储层微观孔隙结构特征,总结出研究区储层发育有原生孔隙与次生孔隙的六种孔隙类型和五种吼道类型。压实作用、胶结作用和溶解作用是影响研究区储集性能的关键因素,建立沉积之初原始孔隙度和经压实、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用后次生孔隙度的定量恢复评价方法。经定量计算:压实作用使孔隙度平均降低88.12%,胶结作用导致孔隙损失54.50%,溶蚀作用使孔隙度增加60.99%。定量计算结果与实测结果的之间误差较小,说明该孔隙定量恢复过程可信度较高,对同类储层演化的研究具有借鉴意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。     

Hydromechanical characteristics and microstructure of unsaturated loess under high suctionEI北大核心

联合压力板仪和蒸汽平衡法在全吸力范围内对原状与重塑黄土进行持水特性试验,使用非饱和三轴仪对高吸力下的原状与重塑黄土进行剪切试验,同时采用扫描电镜仪(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和压汞仪(mercury injection apparatus,MIP)进行微观试验,探讨了非饱和黄土结构性差异对其水力力学特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着吸力的增大,原状和重塑土的饱和度、含水率均减小,孔隙比稍有减小。由于原状及重塑黄土的初始孔隙比基本一致,因此两者压汞试验总进汞量接近。由扫描电镜和压汞试验得到的原状及重塑黄土的孔隙结构形态及优势孔径范围不一样,结构性有所差异,导致土-水特征曲线在不同吸力范围内呈现不一样的规律。原状和重塑土的应力-应变关系多呈软化现象,吸力为3.29 MPa的重塑土呈硬化现象。且随着吸力的增大,原状和重塑土的黏聚力和峰值强度均明显增加,体变由剪缩趋向剪胀现象。由于原状土具备一定结构性,胶结作用较强,其黏聚力的增幅会大于重塑土,峰值强度也高于重塑土,而两者的内摩擦角基本一致。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田储层微观孔隙结构特征

通过物性分析、扫描电镜、铸体薄片、高压压汞、恒速压汞等技术对鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田低渗透砂岩储层样品进行了测试分析,研究了其微观孔隙结构特征。研究表明,苏里格气田低渗透砂岩储层的孔隙类型为溶孔、粒间孔、晶间孔、微孔,其中以前3种为主要孔隙类型。孔喉组合以小孔微细喉为主,最有利的孔喉组合类型为高孔-粗喉型和中孔-中喉型,喉道类型、大小及喉道分布控制着储层的渗透性。孔隙结构非均质性强、孔隙类型多样、粒间孔百分比低是储层渗透性差的主要原因;储层非均质性强的根源在于微观孔隙结构特征的不均一性。     

联合压汞法的致密储层微观孔隙结构及孔径分布特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长6储层为例

运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射技术以及将高压压汞与恒速压汞联合的方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长6段致密储层的微观孔隙结构展开了研究。对其中10件样品的实验结果进行了分析讨论,结果表明:高压压汞与恒速压汞描述相同的进汞过程,可以将所得孔径分布进行联合并得到表征范围在3×10~(-3)～4×10~2μm的总孔径分布曲线图。图像显示10块样品在孔喉半径80～160μm处存在一个较低峰值,在3.7×10~(-3)～2.6μm范围各样品曲线出现多个峰。孔径分布频率直方图结果显示孔隙类型多集中于纳米孔、微孔以及巨孔,且纳米孔最为发育。纳米孔对物性的影响主要表现在:纳米孔控制的孔隙空间随孔隙度、渗透率减小有增大趋势,与渗透率相关性差。纳米孔对渗透率的贡献随着渗透率的减小而增大,且相关性较好。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861