汶川地震中云南地区地下流体典型前兆异常

分析云南地区数字化和模拟前兆观测资料,确认滇东北及邻区水富水位、渔洞水位、曲靖地温及丽江地温等流体典型异常,与汶川8.0级地震的孕育及发生有关。分析认为:①汶川地震的典型流体异常与云南强震异常具有相似性;②汶川地震孕育与发生影响的区域性与多样性;③水温中期异常和数字化分钟值异常是值得关注的新异常现象。     

Mathematical simulation of geotemperature field and thermal stress field in Sanjiang region of Yunnan

By the mathematical simulation of geotemperature field, deep quasi-stable thermal state and shallow thermal characteristics are reproduced in Sanjiang region of Yunnan. Faults are treated in two ways, 1) as constant heat source in terms ofq=μτ, that is, the quantity of frictional generated heat is constant, in order to simulate frictional heat generated by fault moving; 2) as heat conduits with high thermal conductivities to simulate such a phenomenon that there exist thermal fluids (for example, magma) in fault zones during tectonic movement. And then, through the simulation of thermal stress, the quantity (several bars to hundred bars) and the pattern of thermal stress vectors are obtained, which provides a new clue to the explanation and prediction of earthquakes. And larger tensional and shear stresses occur where the variation of geotemperature and the thickness of thermal lithosphere gradient belt. The stresses are concentrated in the temperature gradient belt. The shear belts of studied area are temperature gradient belts where the variation of the lithosphere thickness is larger and deep heat flow is high and thermal stresses concentrated. All of these may explain the facts that most of the earthquakes, hot springs occur along the fault zones. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 313–321, 1993. The study was financially supported by Chinese Natural Sciences Funds Item Ancient Tethys Tectonic Evolution in Western Yunnan and by centre for Remote sensing, Ministry of Metallurgy.     

向导式遥感震害评估系统研制

依托国家科技支撑计划重点项目子专题,在总结、归纳已有震害评估系统处理方式、流程及优缺点的前提下,研究了符合实际工作状况的遥感震害评估系统.该系统集成了基于ENVI/IDL、ERDAS开发的影像处理模块,可辅助提取高分辨率遥感影像中房屋倒塌、道路损毁、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等震害信息.尤其是面向对象分类模块,对遥感影像各种特征进行了综合处理.基于ArcEngine开发的空间数据管理与分析模块,可处理道路空间位置分布、地震烈度划分、行政区划及属性等信息.并实现了对各模块向导式的流程化调用,有效提高了震后灾害评估工作的效率.该系统已在地震应急工作中发挥了有力的作用.     

Focal mechanisms and tectonic stress field of the Xinfengjiang earthquake

Altogether 83 events were recorded clearly by all the 8 sub-seismometric stations of the telemetrered seismic network in the Xinfengjiang area during the period from October 1st 1983 to April 30th 1987. Based upon the difference of the initial motion of P waves, the authors divided the 83 earthquakes into 37 pattens. Combining similar pattens, we have got 5 types of focal mechanism solutions. The recent tectonic stress field of the Xinfengjiang region is discussed. The characteristics of the stress axis and the nodal planes are different from which our predecessors got earlier; but the present results is similar to which put forward by the authors in 1981. This paper shows that the tectonic stress field is clearly characterized by a compression in the N-S direction. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica 13. 462–476, 1991.     

云南及邻区地壳应力场研究

地壳应力场对探讨区域构造动力过程和形变机制有重要意义.为了获得云南及邻区精确的构造应力场以及确定先前研究中存在差异地区的构造应力场,本研究首先在搜集研究区已有震源机制解的基础上,使用gCAP方法反演了近年来发生的地震震源机制解,共获得研究区震源机制解1302个; 其次,在应力场反演时,提出了定量设置反演网格大小的方法,并删除阻尼和无阻尼反演应力场结果性质存在差异的网格.最终,基于大量震源机制解资料获得研究区精确的应力场：（1）云南及邻区震源机制解类型以走滑型为主,遍布整个研究区,逆走滑和逆冲型地震集中分布在云南与四川盆地交界地区,正断型和正走滑型地震较少,主要分布在滇西和滇西北地区; 研究区震源机制解的多样性,在一定程度上反映了研究区构造活动和应力场的空间差异性.（2）云南及邻区整体应力场表现为：主压应力轴方位迹线呈以西北角为中心的扇形分布,主张应力轴方位迹线呈以西北角为中心的弧形分布,总体上反映青藏高原物质向东南的运移作用对研究区应力场具有控制作用.（3）研究区应力场类型以走滑型为主,局部地区出现逆冲和拉张型应力场,所得结果与前人应力场研究结果总体上一致.（4）腾冲火山区地壳应力场为走滑型,与腾冲地区断裂以走滑型为主相一致,一定程度上揭示出现今火山活动对浅部地壳应力场的影响较小.

     

Modern tectonic stress field in Southwest Yunnan, China

IntroductionSouthwest Yunnan region is located in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, bordering on the Sichuan-Yunnan rhomboidal block in the east and on the northeast corner of Indian Plate in the northwest. It is one of the regions of intense tectonic activities and frequent strong earthquakes in China continent. To study the features of modern tectonic stress field of this region is of significance for revealing the evolution mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau as well as for un…     

用于地震调查的航空红外遥感实时传输系统研究

该系统提供了航空红外遥感资料的袢时采集和传输，为及时开展地震野外调查工作提供了一个有力的手段。该系统由红外传感器系统、机载站图像和数据实时处理系统、机载站通信系统、转发站通信系统、地面站接收系统、地面站图像和数据实时处理系统组成。     

华北北部地区地震中短期前兆场的震中区前兆空区模式

华北北部地区３次强震的交兆场研究结果表明,在地震发生前几个至十几（或几十个）个月的时间尺度上,未来震中区表现为前兆平静或空白的特征,同期外转眍中小地震活动十分活跃,地震前兆异常也大量涌现。根据这些现象,提出了地震中短期前兆场的震中区前兆空区模式。     

地震前兆野外流动观测无线组网系统

针对目前地震前兆野外流动观测的测点分散在各地、数量众多的特点,采用基于无线宽带接入的McWiLL系统的组网技术,通过设备与无线接入系统的连接、宽带无线网络接入系统、前兆流动观测中心管理系统的前兆野外流动观测通信系统将来自这些采集点的大量数据实时可靠地传送到监控中心,从而实现远程仪器监测、数据传输等.     

Subarea characteristics of earthquake types in Yunnan

Studies on the earthquake sequences and the source mechanisms of the strong earthquakes show that Yunnan hasmore obvious subarea characteristics of earthquake type.Strike-slip seismic fault and mainshock-aftershockearthquake sequences are dominant in whole Yunnan area.Considering the ratio of non strike-slip faults and nonmainshock-aftershock,Yunnan area can be divided into four subareas with different characteristics,which arestrike-slip mainshock-aftershock in central Yunnan(A1),incline-slip swarm in northwestern Yunnan(A2),strike-slip double shocks in western Yunnan(B1)and quasi-strike-slip mainshock-aftershock in southwestern Yun-nan(B2),respectively.     

云南武定M6.5地震动态库仑破裂应力变化的数值模拟及其与余震活动的关系

在离散波数法（DWN）基础上,计算了武定M6.5地震断层破裂在周围介质中产生的位移时程（位移理论地震图）和动态位移场;进行弹性动力学转换后,求得应变时程和动态应变场;最后得到了武定M6.5地震所产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化量和动态库仑破裂应力变化场,进而研究其与后续余震的关系. 结果表明,动态应力最大峰值和静态应力的正区均呈非对称性分布,两者的分布特征与余震的分布特征基本一致. 在动态应力峰值为正的确定区应力值超过了0.1 MPa触发阈值, 在静态应力值为正的确定区应力值超过了0.01 MPa触发阈值. 这说明动态应力和静态应力均有助于余震的发生.      

遥感技术在地震应急基础数据库建设中的应用

基于地震应急基础数据库的需求,以快速、有效、准确的获取任意区域范围的建筑物基础信息数据为目的,通过应用面向对象特征提取技术从遥感图像上获取建筑物信息,并结合GIS技术将获取到的数据在空间地理坐标下网格化,得到建筑物基础信息空间网格数据库.本文详细介绍了数据库建设的技术路线和在震害评估系统中的应用,并以四川省为例验证了本方法的可行性和准确性,为地震应急工作提供了有效的数据支持,为开展更大范围的数据库建设工作提供了一种新的思路.     

Regional features of coda attenuation of aftershocks of Wuding, Yunnan earthquake in near field

IntroductionSeismic wave is an important information source to analyze and study seismic source and internal structure of the earth. Studies of wave on different frequency ranges can provide many features of seismic source and internal structure of the earth. In recent years in quantitative study of seismic wave seismologists at home and abroad have developed a wide study field on the coda. Especially seismologists have done a lot of work in coda geneses, mechanism and its attenuation to explo…     

大华北地区应力场在汶川地震时的变化研究

利用大华北地区在汶川8级地震时有水位阶变的31口并孔的观测资料,通过计算各井水位系统的观测格值,进而估算了震时引起大华北地区应力场的调整变化.研究发现汶川地震后大华北中部地区的压应力得到增强,大华北东部和南部地区则表现为应力降低,对未来大华北地区的地震危险性预测应具有一定参考价值.     

Numerical simulation of dynamic Coulomb stress changes induced by M 6.5 earthquake in Wuding, Yunnan and its relationship with aftershocks

Based on the discrete wavenumber method, we calculate the fields of dynamic Coulomb rupture stress changes and static stress changes caused by M6.5 earthquake in Wuding, and study their relationship with the subsequent aftershocks. The results show that the spatial distribution patterns of the positive region of dynamic stress peak value and static stress peak value are similarly asymmetric, which are basically identical with distribution features of aftershock. The dynamic stress peak value and the static stress in the positive region are more than 0.1 MPa and 0.01 MPa of the triggering threshold, respectively, which indicates that the dynamic and static stresses are helpful for the occurrence of aftershock. This suggests that both influences of dynamic and static stresses should be considered other than only either of them when studying aftershock triggering in near field. Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40364001) and Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (605014).     

华南地区强震前的卫星遥感信息特征

针对华南地区近15年来发生的6次破坏性地震事件,依据卫星对地遥感射出长波辐射OLR网格数据资料,进行了卫星遥感红外的震前异常特征分析。通过对OLR月际资料进行涡度处理分析,发现在上述几次破坏性地震前2～3个月,在震中附近地区都有显著的高值涡度中心,这一特征有可能做为未来强震预测的短期判定指标。     

云南耿马7.2级地震破裂与震源应力场

1 98 8年 1 1月 6日在云南省澜沧县和耿马县境内先后发生了 7.6级和 7.2级强烈地震。其中 7.2级地震在震中区小黑江两岸灰岩裸露区出现了具有构造意义的地裂缝带。采用断层滑动矢量法反演出形成上述地裂缝带的应力张量为 :σ1走向 2 2 3°,倾角 2 8°;σ2 走向 42°,倾角6 2°;σ3 走向 1 3 3°,倾角 0°;应力比 R=0 .5 7,总体显示出走滑兼压性特征 ,基本代表了震源机制解所反映的震源应力场特征。断面滑动矢量解析可做为一种判定地裂缝是否是构造成因的方法     

遥感技术在防震减灾领域中的应用

为了有效地组织救灾和震后重建,快速地获取地震造成的破坏程度、破坏范围成为至关重要的一环。遥感技术本身所具有的宏观性、时效性、经济高效性使其被广泛应用于防震减灾事业中。本文简单介绍了遥感技术的原理、特点及其在防震减灾领域中的应用历史及现状。在借鉴已有成果的基础上较系统地阐述了遥感技术在地震防灾方面的应用及展望。     

Numerical simulation of dynamic Coulomb stress changes induced by M6.5 earthquake in Wuding, Yunnan and its relationship with aftershocks

Based on the discrete wavenumber method, we calculate the fields of dynamic Coulomb rupture stress changes and static stress changes caused by M6.5 earthquake in Wuding, and study their relationship with the subsequent after- shocks. The results show that the spatial distribution patterns of the positive region of dynamic stress peak value and static stress peak value are similarly asymmetric, which are basically identical with distribution features of aftershock. The dynamic stress peak value and the stati...     

Study on a gravity precursor mode of the M_S=7.0 Lijiang earthquake

Introduction Earthquake prediction must be based on some kind of precursors. The precursors are some things that will indicate a shock occurrence (MEI, et al, 1993). The information of earthquake precursors comes from a deep-seated interior of crust. Therefore the analysis and pick-up of pre-cursory information should be based on the internal process of crustal movement, which includes the earthquake preparation. Being the weak parts of crust, the slip and dislocation of faults can cause cru…