Boron-isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid: an experimental re-investigation

The fractionation of boron isotopes between synthetic dravitic tourmaline and fluid was determined by hydrothermal experiments between 400 and 700°C at 200 MPa and at 500°C, 500 MPa. Tourmaline was crystallized from an oxide mix in presence of water that contained boron in excess. In one series of experiments, [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 9 after the run; in another series it was 0.1. All experiments produced tourmaline as the sole boron-bearing solid, along with traces of quartz and talc. Powder XRD and Rietveld refinements revealed no significant amounts of tetrahedrally coordinated boron in tourmaline. ¹¹B always preferentially fractionated into the fluid. For experiments where [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 9, a consistent temperature-dependent boron isotope fractionation curve resulted, approximated by Δ¹¹B_{(tour–fluid)} = −4.20 · [1,000/T (K)] + 3.52; R ² = 0.77, and valid from 400 to 700°C. No pressure dependence was observed. The fractionation (−2.7 ± 0.5‰ at 400°C; and −0.8 ± 0.5‰ at 700°C) is much lower than that previously presented by Palmer et al. (1992). Experiments where [B]_fluid/[B]_tour was 0.1 showed a significant larger apparent fractionation of up to −4.7‰. In one of these runs, the isotopic composition of handpicked tourmaline crystals of different size varied by 1.3‰. This is interpreted as resulting from fractional crystallization of boron isotopes during tourmaline growth due to the small boron reservoir of the fluid relative to tourmaline, thus indicating larger fractionation than observed at equilibrium. The effect is eliminated or minimized in experiments with very high boron excess in the fluid. We therefore suggest that values given by the above relation represent the true equilibrium fractionations.     

Boron isotope variations in nature: a synthesis

The large relative mass difference between the two stable isotopes of boron, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B, and the high geochemical reactivity of boron lead to significant isotope fractionation by natural processes. Published ¹¹B values (relative to the NBS SRM-951 standard) span a wide range of 90. The lowest ¹¹B values around — 30 are reported for non-marine evaporite minerals and certain tourmalines. The most ¹¹B-enriched reservoir known to date are brines from Australian salt lakes and the Dead Sea of Israel with ¹¹B values up to +59. Dissolved boron in present-day seawater has a constant world-wide ¹¹B value of + 39.5. In this paper, available ¹¹B data of a variety of natural fluid and solid samples from different geological environments are compiled and some of the most relevant aspects, including possible tracer applications of boron-isotope geochemistry, are summarized.

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Résumé La grande différence relative de masse entre les isotopes stables du bore, ¹⁰B et ¹¹B, et la grande réactivité geochimique du bore ont pour conséquence un fractionnement isotopique naturel important. Les valeurs de ¹¹B publiées (par rapport au standard NBS SRM-951) varient de 90. Les valeurs de ¹¹B les plus basses (–30) correspondent aux evaporites non-marines et à certaines tourmalines. Le réservoir le plus enrichi en ¹¹B est représenté par les saumures des lacs salés d' Australie et par la Mer Morte en Israël, qui ont des valuers de ¹¹B allent jusqu'à + 59. L'eau de mer a une valeur de ¹¹B mondialement constante de + 39.5. Des valeurs de ¹¹B des solutions naturelles ainsi que des roches et minéraux de différentes origines, publiées jusqu'à présent, sont présentées ici. En outre quelques aspects importants concernant la géochimie des isotopes du bore y compris quelques applications sont exposés.

     

Detrital,metamorphic and metasomatic tourmaline in high-pressure metasediments from Syros (Greece): intra-grain boron isotope patterns determined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry

The boron isotopic composition of zoned tourmaline in two metasediments from the island of Syros, determined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), reflects the sedimentary and metamorphic record of the rocks. Tourmaline from a silicate-bearing marble contains small (≤20 μm) detrital cores with highly variable δ ¹¹B values (−10.7 to +3.6‰), pointing to a heterogeneous protolith derived from multiple sources. The sedimentary B isotopic record survived the entire metamorphic cycle with peak temperatures of ∼500°C. Prograde to peak metamorphic rims are homogeneous and similar among all analysed grains (δ ¹¹B ≈ +0.9‰). The varying δ ¹¹B values of detrital cores in the siliceous marble demonstrate that in situ B isotope analysis of tourmaline by SIMS is a potentially powerful tool for provenance studies not only in sediments but also in metasediments. A meta-tuffitic blueschist bears abundant tourmaline with dravitic cores of detrital or authigenic origin (δ ¹¹B ≈ −3.3‰), and prograde to peak metamorphic overgrowth zones (−1.6‰). Fe-rich rims, formed during influx of B-bearing fluids under retrograde conditions, show strongly increasing δ ¹¹B values (up to +7.7‰) towards the margins of the grains. The δ ¹¹B values of metamorphic tourmaline from Syros, formed in mixed terrigenous–marine sediments, reflect the B signal blended from these two different sources, and was probably not altered by dehydration during subduction.     

大陆风化过程的锂同位素地球化学研究进展

锂同位素在地质学、地球化学研究中有着广阔的应用前景,大陆风化过程的锂同位素地球化学研究已经成为近年来国际上研究的热点,在过去十多年发展快速,并取得一批优异研究成果。系统综述了本领域国内外近年来的主要研究思路,各研究方向的主要进展,并在此基础上提出现阶段存在的问题。主要研究方向包括流域尺度大空间范围的总体研究、风化壳剖面的精细研究以及实验室内的模拟研究,均涉及水/岩作用过程的锂同位素分馏机理研究。现有研究结果有的需要进一步论证,有的相互之间存在矛盾,还有部分结论不能自圆其说,因此还需要进一步开展深入细致的研究工作。     

Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 GPa

Laboratory experiments on natural, hydrous basalts at 1–4 GPa constrain the composition of “unadulterated” partial melts of eclogitized oceanic crust within downgoing lithospheric slabs in subduction zones. We complement the “slab melting” experiments with another set of experiments in which these same “adakite” melts are allowed to infiltrate and react with an overlying layer of peridotite, simulating melt:rock reaction at the slab–mantle wedge interface. In subduction zones, the effects of reaction between slab-derived, adakite melts and peridotitic mantle conceivably range from hybridization of the melt, to modal or cryptic metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle, depending upon the “effective” melt:rock ratio. In experiments at 3.8 GPa, assimilation of either fertile or depleted peridotite by slab melts at a melt:rock ratio 2:1 produces Mg-rich, high-silica liquids in reactions which form pyrope-rich garnet and low-Mg# orthopyroxene, and fully consume olivine. Analysis of both the pristine and hybridized slab melts for a range of trace elements indicates that, although abundances of most trace elements in the melt increase during assimilation (because melt is consumed), trace element ratios remain relatively constant. In their compositional range, the experimental liquids closely resemble adakite lavas in island-arc and continental margin settings, and adakite veins and melt inclusions in metasomatized peridotite xenoliths from the sub-arc mantle. At slightly lower melt:rock ratios (1:1), slab melts are fully consumed, along with peridotitic olivine, in modal metasomatic reactions that form sodic amphibole and high-Mg# orthopyroxene.     

Tourmaline breakdown in a pelitic system: implications for boron cycling through subduction zones

Pressure–temperature conditions of tourmaline breakdown in a metapelite were determined by high-pressure experiments at 700–900°C and 4–6 GPa. These experiments produced an eclogite–facies assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, phengite, coesite, kyanite and rare rutile. The modal proportions of tourmaline clearly decreased between 4.5 and 5 GPa at 700°C, between 4 and 4.5 GPa at 800°C, and between 800 and 850°C at 4 GPa, with tourmaline that survived the higher temperature conditions appearing corroded and thus metastable. Decreases in the modal abundance of tourmaline are accompanied by decreasing modal abundance of coesite, and increasing that of clinopyroxene, garnet and kyanite; the boron content of phengite increases significantly. These changes suggest that, with increasing pressure and temperature, tourmaline reacts with coesite to produce clinopyroxene, garnet, kyanite, and boron-bearing phengite and fluid. Our results suggest that: (1) tourmaline breakdown occurs at lower pressures and temperatures in SiO₂-saturated systems than in SiO₂-undersaturated systems. (2) In even cold subduction zones, subducting sediments should release boron-rich fluids by tourmaline breakdown before reaching depths of 150 km, and (3) even after tourmaline breakdown, a significant amount of boron partitioned into phengite could be stored in deeply subducted sediments.     

超高压变质作用不同阶段的流体变化：碧溪岭榴辉岩的氢、硼同位素分析

大别山碧溪岭榴辉岩中有三种含水矿物:多硅白云母、角闪石和黑云母,它们分别是超高压(UHP)阶段(即柯石英榴辉岩相阶段)或者石英榴辉岩相阶段、退变质后成合晶阶段和角闪岩相退变质阶段的产物,本文利用离子探针技术对它们进行了氢同位素和硼同位素的分析。三种矿物内部的同位素组成都是均一的,多硅白云母的δD为-105‰±9‰,δ~(11)B为-25.9‰±2.0‰;角闪石的δD为-100‰±9‰,δ~(11)B为-24.4‰±0.9‰;黑云母的δD为-65‰±4‰,δ~(11)B为-19.3‰±1.3‰。多硅白云母和角闪石的氢-硼同位素组成在误差范围内是相同的,而和黑云母则有明显的差别,这表明,从UHP阶段或者石英榴辉岩相阶段到随后的后成合晶阶段,变质流体是内部缓冲的,而在角闪岩相变质阶段,则有了外来流体的加入,这个流体是相对富集D和~(11)B的。碧溪岭榴辉岩矿物相对于其地壳原岩表现出低δ~(11)B的特征,说明俯冲过程中板块经历了强烈的脱硼。     

Utilization of boron as a critical parameter in water quality evaluation: implications for thermal and mineral water resources in SW Germany and N Switzerland

 In order to investigate the application of the elemental abundance of boron and its stable isotopes, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B, for tracing anthropogenic contamination of variably mineralized thermal and mineral waters, B concentrations and isotopic compositions (δ¹¹B) were determined for sample pairs collected during surveys in 1984–1986 and 1995 from representative wells discharging water from deep crustal reservoirs within the central European crystalline basement and sedimentary cover (SW Germany and N Switzerland). The data presented show that natural temporal variations in the total B contents of thermal and mineral waters are a common feature, which makes it difficult to recognize admixture of extraneous (anthropogenic) components from B concentrations alone. Delineation of the natural versus anthropogenic origin of solutes and quantification of the relative mixing proportions may thus benefit considerably from the utilization of boron isotopes as an additional parameter. Hypothetical mixing scenarios involving various thermal waters and municipal wastewater effluents from the study area, with the latter being characterized by conspicuously light boron isotopic compositions, reveal that, in certain cases, δ¹¹B values provide a superior diagnostic tool for detection of objectionable substances derived from the discharge of man-made boron products. Received: 14 September 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 2000     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿成矿流体特征及演化:来自流体包裹体及氢氧同位素约束

南京栖霞山铅锌矿床是华东最大的铅锌矿床,具有悠久的研究和开采历史;近些年来的勘探在深部取得显著进展,显示了很好的勘探潜力。本次研究,在系统全面地野外地质观察和样品采集的基础上,开展了详细的岩相学研究和成矿期次的划分,并进行了流体包裹体和氢氧同位素测试分析。结果显示,栖霞山铅锌矿存在两期铅锌矿化:早期以形成层状和块状矿石为特征,闪锌矿深灰-红棕色;晚期矿化以块状、角砾状和脉状构造为特征,闪锌矿呈棕色-浅黄色。早期闪锌矿中包裹体以富液相包裹体类型为主,均一温度分布范围为182～289℃,盐度为0. 9%～8. 2%NaCleqv,成矿流体与富硫同生沉积层发生化学反应可能是其主要的沉淀机制;晚期闪锌矿中也是以富液相包裹体类型为主,但是温度、盐度有所上升,均一温度集中在197～348℃,盐度介于0. 4%～10. 9%NaCleqv之间,指示有更多岩浆流体混入,流体混合可能是主要的沉淀机制。为了限定其深部可能的热液中心位置,我们利用晚期闪锌矿中的包裹体进行流体空间填图。填图结果显示了良好的空间变化规律:成矿流体温度以西南到北东方向为轴,向西南方向温度上升,暗示了成矿流体可能来源于西南方向深部,因此在其西南方向的深部可能具有更好的勘探潜力。     

地质流体中络合物同位素平衡分馏系数的第一性原理计算

地质流体中不同络合物之间的稳定同位素平衡分馏系数是利用稳定同位素示踪地质流体演化过程的必要前提.但由于受实验条件的限制,流体中部分元素不同络合物之间的同位素分馏系数难以通过实验精确测定.基于第一性原理的理论计算是获得溶液中不同络合物之间稳定同位素平衡分馏系数的一种重要手段,能够获取各种极端条件下同位素分馏系数.在应用第...     

钼及钼同位素地球化学——同位素体系、测试技术及在地质中的应用

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的广泛应用使过渡金属元素同位素地球化学的研究近年来获得蓬勃发展.利用元素双稀释剂法对钼同位素值进行校正,目前可以获得±0.1‰(2σ)的测试精度.自然界中钼同位素分馏δ98/95Mo可达～3‰,其分馏机制与环境的氧化-还原状态有关.在氧化环境下钼以MoO2/4-的形式与锰...     

Hf-Nd isotope evidence for contemporaneous subduction processes in the source of late Archean arc lavas from the Superior Province, Canada

Volcanic suites from Wawa greenstone belts in the southern Superior Province comprise an association of typical late Archean arc volcanic rocks including adakites, magnesian andesites (MA), niobium-enriched basalts (NEB), and ‘normal’ tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts to rhyolites. The adakites represent melts from subducted oceanic crust and all other suites were derived from the mantle wedge above the subducting oceanic lithosphere. The magnesian andesites are interpreted to be the product of hybridization of adakite melts with arc mantle wedge peridotite. The initial ?_Hf values of the ∼2.7 Ga Wawa adakites (+3.5 to +5.2), magnesian andesites (+2.6 to +5.1), niobium-enriched basalts (+4.4 to +6.6), and ‘normal’ tholeiitic to calc-alkaline arc basalts (+5.3 to +6.4) are consistent with long-term depleted mantle sources. The niobium-enriched basalts and ‘normal’ arc basalts have more depleted ?_Hf values than the adakites and magnesian andesites. The initial ?_Nd values in the magnesian andesites (+0.4 to +2.0), niobium-enriched basalts (+1.4 to +2.4), and ‘normal’ arc tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts (+1.6 to +2.9) overlap with, but extend to lower values than, the slab-derived adakites (+2.3 to +2.8). The lower initial ?_Nd values in the mantle-wedge-derived suites, particularly in the magnesian andesites, are attributed to recycling of an Nd-enriched component with lower ?_Nd to the mantle wedge. As a group, the slab-derived adakites plot closest to the 2.7 Ga depleted mantle value in ?_Nd versus ?_Hf space, additionally suggesting that the Nd-enriched component in the mantle wedge did not originate from the 2.7 Ga slab-derived melts. Accordingly, we suggest that the enriched component had been added to the mantle wedge at variable proportions by recycling of older continental material. This recycling process may have occurred as early as 50-70 Ma before the initiation of the 2.7 Ga subduction zone. The selective enrichment of Nd in the sources of the Superior Province magmas can be explained by experimental studies and geochemical observations in modern subduction systems, indicating that light rare earth elements (e.g., La, Ce, Sm, Nd) are more soluble than high field strength elements (e.g., Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) in aqueous fluids that are derived from subducted slabs. As a corollary, we suggest that the recycled Nd-enriched component was added to the mantle source of the Wawa arc magmas by dehydration of subducted sediments.     

花岗岩主要造岩矿物间硼同位素分馏的初步研究

本文报道了南岭地区两个花岗岩(大东山和千里山)的全岩以及主要造岩矿物(黑云母、斜长石和石英)的硼含量和硼同位素组成。结果显示,黑云母含有最高的硼含量,斜长石次之,石英中的硼含量则非常低。花岗岩中的硼可能主要以晶格替换方式赋存在黑云母和斜长石中,而石英中的微量硼则来自其包裹的流体包裹体。同时,黑云母具有最低的硼同位素组成,斜长石次之,而石英则具有最高的硼同位素组成。本次研究首次发现花岗岩中的主要造岩矿物间存在着较大的硼同位素分馏:大东山花岗岩中黑云母与斜长石之间存在着-9.3‰的分馏,黑云母与石英之间存在-9.9‰的分馏;千里山花岗岩中黑云母与斜长石之间存在着-6.6‰的分馏,黑云母与石英之间存在着-10.2‰的硼同位素分馏。结合镜下观察和氧同位素研究发现,造成不同矿物间这一大的硼同位素分馏的原因很可能是岩浆后期的热液蚀变作用。综合以往所发表的研究数据,得到含四次配位硼为主的硅酸盐矿物与中酸性热液流体之间的硼同位素分馏方程:1000lnα硅酸盐-流体=-11.19×(103/T[K])+5.09,该分馏是由于硼的四次配位和三次配位之间的转换引起的。     

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床的成因: 流体包裹体及氢-氧同位素证据

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床是产于印度-亚洲板块陆-陆造山主碰撞汇聚环境下、与大洋俯冲无关的新型造山型金矿床。该矿床位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧朗杰学增生楔的东段南缘,矿体受区域内EW向金地-鲁农复向斜和错古-折木朗壳型脆-韧性剪切带及其次级构造的控制。金矿化主要与石英脉密切相关,并包裹于脉内细粒/粗粒硫化物中。矿区内主要分布有3期石英脉:成矿前钩状石英脉、成矿期石英大脉和成矿后陡立状石英脉。文章对3期石英脉流体包裹体形态、形成温度、密度及H-O同位素等方面进行了详细的对比研究,试图查明成矿流体来源以及金的沉淀机制等问题。研究表明,钩状石英脉内包裹体主要为液相(L)包裹体,成分主要为H₂O溶液,其流体可能为早期区域变质的产物;石英大脉内包裹体主要为含CO₂气液(VL)两相包裹体,体积较大,成分主要为H₂O+CO₂+CH₄±N₂,成矿流体为深源变质流体,并与变质地层中的有机质发生强烈反应;陡立状石英脉内包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,体积较小,其主要成分为H₂O+CO₂,流体主要与后期区域变质事件有关,为成矿后变质作用的产物。邦布金矿的主要成矿流体源自深部变质流体,流体不混溶作用可能是导致金矿沉淀的主要原因。     

四川天宝山大型铅锌矿床成矿流体及同位素地球化学

天宝山铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘小江-甘洛断裂带和箐河-程海断裂带之间,是川滇黔多金属成矿带川西南地区重要的大型铅锌矿床。根据矿床流体包裹体岩相观察发现,天宝山铅锌矿床流体包裹体类型简单,主要为富液相包裹体,气相分数较小,少量纯液相包裹体。显微测温工作表明主成矿阶段流体温度峰值在110~140℃之间,w(NaCleq)集中于10%~14%,整体具有中低温、中低盐度特征,少部分流体包裹体w(NaCleq)为2%~6%,显示少量低盐度流体的混入。群体包裹体成分分析表明各期流体成分相似,液相为Na~+-Ca~(2+)-SO_4~(2-)-Cl~-型流体,气相主要为H_2O、CO_2,并有部分的H_2、CO及CH_4还原性气体。对以上流体包裹体成分数据分析发现成矿流体主要源于盆地热卤水,存在部分大气降水的参与。此外,C、O同位素、流体包裹体H、O同位素及硫化物S同位素组成表明,成矿流体除盆地卤水和大气降水来源外,还存在变质水及有机质流体来源,成矿还原硫主要来自灯影组硫酸盐和深源硫的混合。     

Stable isotope geochemistry of marbles from the coesite UHP terrains of Dabieshan and Sulu, China

Marbles from Dabieshan and Sulu, China, suffered ultra high pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the coesite–eclogite facies at approximately 700°C and 30 kbars during Triassic continental collision and subduction. The marbles range in isotopic composition from +7 to +25 δ¹⁸O_VSMOW and from 0 to +6 δ¹³C_VPDB. High δ¹³C values are representative of unmodified protoliths and are similar to those of ¹³C-enriched Sinian carbonate rocks from the Yangtze craton. High oxygen isotope ratios reflect pristine protoliths but the low values may have been caused by infiltration of low ¹⁸O meteoric water during diagenesis and dolomitization, by fracture-controlled infiltration of water during subduction, by metamorphic mineral reactions, or by a combination of these processes. No evidence of regional isotopic transport during UHP metamorphism has been found. Sampling on scales of 1 to 100 m shows marbles to be inhomogeneous in both carbon and oxygen isotopes. Only samples separated by less than 10 cm have equilibrated oxygen and carbon isotope compositions. Limited isotopic equilibration between adjacent rocks is consistent with the preservation of unaltered UHP minerals and indicates that the metamorphic fluid–rock system was rock-dominated during and following peak metamorphism. A freely flowing, pervasive fluid phase was not present during UHP metamorphism. There is no evidence of isotopic exchange between marble and the upper mantle into which it was subducted. Correlation of geochemical similarities of UHP marbles with Sinian limestones implies that the subducted edge of the Yangtze craton extends at least as far north as the coesite–eclogite facies rocks of Dabieshan. Deposition of protolith carbonates may have taken place in a cold climate either preceding or following but not coincident with Neoproterozoic glaciation.     

赣南盘古山钨矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征

盘古山钨矿床是南岭地区著名的大型钨矿床。通过氢、氧、硫和硅同位素地球化学特征的研究,对盘古山钨矿床的成矿流体和成矿物质来源进行了探讨。研究结果显示:成矿流体δD值介于-121.7‰~-80.6‰,δ18O值为2.97‰~6.47‰,硫化物δ34S值集中分布于-2.3‰~1.3‰,石英脉的石英δ30Si平均值为-0.44‰;花岗岩的石英δ30Si平均值为-0.53‰;砂岩的石英δ30Si平均值为0.2‰。研究结果表明:盘古山钨矿床的成矿流体、成矿物质以及硅质均主要来源于花岗岩浆,少部分成矿流体来自大气降水,少部分硅质来自砂岩地层。     

接触交代型铜矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

我国接触交代型铜矿床主要集中在长江中下游和燕辽等成矿带;主要矿体产于浅成或超浅成中酸性侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带.主要矿物组合为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿(少数矿床可见)、磁黄铁矿(少数矿床未见)、斑铜矿、钙铁榴石、透闪石、石英和方解石.矿床硫化物的硫同位素组成主要显示出两种特征,一种是单个矿床硫同位素组成变化范围大,变化范围在5‰~10‰,又有较大正值出现(如马鞍山、铜录山、铁山、个旧卡房和冬瓜山等矿床);另一种单个矿床硫同位素组成变化范围小,一般不超过5‰,具有小的正值特点(如索尔库都克、武山、铜官山、城门山、赛什塘、七宝山等矿床).根据硫同位素组成特征可以获得索尔库都克、武山、铜官山、城门山、赛什塘、七宝山等矿床的硫来自单一岩浆来源;马鞍山、铜录山、铁山、卡房和冬瓜山等矿床的硫来自于岩浆与围岩膏盐层混合来源.     

阿尔泰青河伟晶岩中电气石成分和硼同位素对伟晶岩体系演化及其与围岩相互作用的示踪

伟晶岩及其围岩蚀变带的电气石记录了伟晶岩体系的演化、流体出溶以及流体-围岩相互作用的过程。本文对阿尔泰造山带青河伟晶岩及蚀变围岩中电气石进行了系统的化学成分和硼同位素分析,以探讨伟晶岩体系的源区性质、岩浆演化、流体出溶规模等重要科学问题。根据矿物成分和结构构造不同,伟晶岩可分为边缘带、过渡带和核部带。蚀变围岩从接触带开始向外,依次出现带状蚀变围岩、细粒蚀变围岩和粗粒蚀变围岩。伟晶岩蚀变围岩电气石的形成与伟晶岩出溶流体（提供B、P等）和围岩（提供Fe、Mg）相互作用有关。电气石主、微量元素和硼同位素分析表明,所有电气石都属于碱性电气石中的铁电气石-镁电气石固溶体序列,电气石中（R1+Al）（Na+R2）_-1、（Al+O）（R+OH）_-1、（Na+Mg）（Al+X_vac）_-1、（X_vacAl）（NaR²⁺）_-1、FeMg_-1及MnMg_-1的替代关系记录了伟晶岩岩浆逐渐富集Fe、Mn、Al,亏损Na、Mg、Ca的演化路径。结合各分带V含量和Fe³⁺-Al相关性,我们认为原始伟晶岩浆具低氧逸度的特征,而伟晶岩脉边缘带较高的氧逸度可能与伟晶岩浆与围岩相互作用有关。伟晶岩电气石具有比花岗岩电气石低得多的REE总量和（La/Yb）_N比值,表明青河伟晶岩并不是花岗岩体系分离结晶的残余岩浆,而可能是云母片岩在中地壳角闪岩相条件下低程度部分熔融的结果。蚀变围岩电气石的硼同位素组成仅稍重于未蚀变围岩的电气石,显示青河无矿化伟晶岩演化晚期流体出溶比较有限。由于伟晶岩中的电气石硼同位素组成明显轻于围岩（云母片岩）,推测云母片岩并非伟晶岩的唯一源区,而可能存在一定含量的黏土岩源区。

     

Origin of boron in the Damxung Co Salt Lake(central Tibet):Evidence from boron geochemistry and isotopes

正The origin of boron in boron-rich salt lakes in the Tibetan Plateau has long been the subject of debate.The Damzung Co Salt Lake in central Tibet has high boron concentrations(B=276–313 mg/L)and is an ideal site for