地震作用下柱承式筒仓动态侧压力计算方法研究

为研究筒仓结构动态侧压力计算方法,将地震作用下仓壁动态侧压力问题简化为支撑失效质量块的贮料壁板振动问题。假定筒仓结构处于线弹性范围,采用弹性壁板的振动模型推导了仓壁在地震作用下的动态侧压力计算公式;建立了柱承式筒仓结构动力有限元模型,通过数值分析和振动台试验结果验证了该方法的有效性;进而分析了筒仓结构在不同地震加速度峰值作用下的动态侧压力分布规律。结果表明：由推导的动态侧压力计算公式得到的理论值与试验值平均相对误差为3.0%,精度较高;柱承式筒仓结构的动态侧压力随加速度峰值的增加而增大;沿筒仓深度方向,动态侧压力呈“钟形分布”趋势;且动态侧压力峰值向仓壁中下部位置集中;对于设防烈度较高地区,建议在柱承式筒仓结构的柱顶和环梁位置采取加强措施,以保证结构的整体安全性。研究成果可为筒仓结构仓壁动态侧压力计算和结构设计提供理论依据。     

地震作用下柱承式筒仓仓壁侧压力试验研究

地震作用下贮料对筒仓产生的超压是造成筒仓损伤破坏的原因之一。为研究地震作用下贮料的地震响应特性及变化规律,对缩尺比例为1∶25的柱承式筒仓模型开展了单向和双向地震作用下的振动台试验,揭示了筒仓仓壁动态侧压力分布规律和超压系数,建立了仓壁动态侧压力的计算方法。研究表明:（1）地震时筒仓内贮料的运动滞后于仓壁,随着地震动持续滞后逐渐明显,且沿仓壁顶部至底部滞后不断减弱;（2）动态侧压力分布规律与测点布置位置、地震波的输入方式相关;（3）仓体顶部范围内超压系数试验值大于规范采用值,现行规范中采用的修正系数偏小;（4）仅依据单向地震激励,尚不足以真实反映地震作用下筒仓贮料的动力学特性,筒仓结构强度设计时不应忽略双向地震作用。研究成果可为柱承式筒仓的抗震设计提供参考和依据。     

柱底抗弯能力增强措施对钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能的影响

以抗震钢筋混凝土框架底层柱下端截面组合弯矩设计值增强系数的合理取值为研究对象，用底层柱截面弯矩增强系数不同取值和上部各层柱抗弯能力不同增强措施的多种组合设计各种典型平面框架，通过非线性动力反应分析获得这些框架在罕遇地震水准的多条地面运动输入下的反应特征。在对这些反应特征进行分析的基础上得出了底层柱底截面组合弯矩增强系数的取值应与上部各层柱抗弯能力增强措施相匹配，方能取得对框架塑性铰机构最佳控制效果的结论。     

柱承式钢筋混凝土粮食立筒群仓与单仓结构模态对比分析

针对目前国内外对柱承式钢筋混凝土粮食筒仓特别是群仓结构动力特性研究欠缺的现状,以某粮食储备库项目为背景,采用大型通用有限元软件MIDAS建立了柱承式钢筋混凝土粮食立筒单仓与群仓结构的分析模型,分别考虑空仓和满仓工况进行了模态分析,并提取其各自前六阶振型和自振频率,对单仓与群仓结构进行了对比分析,旨在为群仓结构抗震设计方法的进一步研究提供一定的理论基础。     

应变率效应对钢筋混凝土柱的影响

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,引入了应变率的影响,对规范给出的混凝土应力一应变关系表达式进行了修正;针对只考虑混凝土的动态特性和既考虑混凝土的动态特性、也考虑钢筋的动态特性这两种情况,利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土柱的动态特性进行了数值分析。结果表明,混凝土的动态特性对于大偏心柱的承载力影响很小,但对于小偏心柱的极限承载力影响显著;钢筋的动态特性对大、小偏心柱的极限弯矩和极限曲率都有明显的影响。本文还分析了柱的极限弯矩、极限曲率和极限轴力随偏心距变化的规律。     

隔震板柱结构-基础-地基相互作用地震反应分析

对广州地区一例地基-基础-隔震板柱结构动力相互作用体系进行了计算分析.通过与常规设计方法及非隔震体系的比较,研究了该体系地震反应的变化规律,并分析了阻尼比、地基土特性、基础刚度、基础型式、基础埋深、土体深度、上部结构刚度和地震波等因素对相互作用体系动力特性及地震反应的影响.     

均质地基中桩-桩位移相互作用系数的有限元分析

在实际工程分析中用有限元法模拟无限域需要考虑很大一部分桩周土体来保证计算的精度,从而导致计算量的增大,同时对计算机的要求也很高。特别是对于大规模的群桩问题,有限元的计算工作量使一般的计算机无法满足其要求,这就限制了其在实际工程中的应用。本文基于叠加原理用有限元法计算桩-桩位移相互作用系数,不仅能减少群桩的计算量,又能提高计算精度。     

结构可恢复性与加固效益评估方法——以BRB加固RC框架为例

为量化评估加固前后结构的可恢复能力及其投资与效益关系,文中结合不同柱端弯矩增大系数η_c的RC框架采用防屈曲约束支撑加固的工程应用,系统的给出可恢复性评价以及加固效益评估理论体系。采用蒙特卡罗方法,在考虑RC框架剩余功能、恢复函数形式、恢复时间以及地震动不确定性的基础上得到加固前后结构可恢复性指标。结合结构的损失提出加固效益指标计算方法,基于该指标评价加固方法在服役期内的经济效益。研究结果表明:在相同地震动强度下,η_c越大,结构可恢复水平越高;随着地震动强度增大,结构可恢复能力先缓慢下降后快速下降;加固后结构可恢复性显著提高,且地震动强度越大,结构可恢复性相对增长率越大;在相同服役年限内,η_c越大,加固的经济效益越明显;结构服役年限越长,加固的性价比越高。     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系及其破坏位移增大系数分析

编制了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系全过程分析程序,通过对多种工况下碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系进行大量计算分析,较全面地探讨了碳纤维布配箍特征值、轴压比、剪跨比、箍筋配箍特征值、纵筋配筋率、混凝土强度等参数对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系及其破坏位移增大系数的影响。在此基础上,给出了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱破坏位移增大系数的回归计算公式,统计建立了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土柱的剪力-位移关系三折线模型中各无量纲特征参数的确定方法。     

地幔柱与岩石圈相互作用过程的数值模拟

地幔柱的研究是地球科学研究的热点之一.本文主要集中研究地幔柱与岩石圈的相互作用过程.基于质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程和能量守恒方程,通过有限元数值方法可以计算得到地幔柱与岩石圈相互作用的温度场、速度场和有效黏度等的时空图.本文的流变本构模型主要基于非牛顿流体的有效黏度模型,通过数值模拟计算分析了地幔柱与岩石圈相互作用过程,着重讨论了地壳流变结构对此过程的影响.数值模拟结果显示,地幔柱与岩石圈的相互作用分为三个阶段:地幔柱上升期,时间持续到0.2 Ma,平均速度为2.75 m·a-1,地幔柱顶部地形开始向上隆起;地幔柱与岩石圈纵向作用期,时间从0.2 Ma到0.26 Ma,地幔柱上升的平均速度为0.83 m·a-1,地表地形隆升达到最大值;地幔柱与岩石圈横向作用期,0.26 Ma以后,岩石圈开始剪切变形,地幔柱水平运动速度为0.47 m·a-1,当剪切变形达到一定程度,岩石圈底部开始出现拆沉作用.当下地壳流变强度比较小时,上地壳的流变结构控制着地幔柱顶部地表地形隆起程度,流变强度越大,隆升高度越小;而下地壳的流变结构控制着地幔柱两侧地表地形的下沉幅度,下地壳流变强度越小,下沉幅度越大.最后,讨论了数值模拟对峨眉山大火成岩省地幔柱发展演化的应用.     

贮仓-地基相互作用系统动力可靠性分析

以结构－地基相互作用和结构可靠性分析理论为基础，研究了贮仓－地基相互作用系统的可靠性分析方法，建立了贮仓与地基相互作用系统的动力可靠性分析理论。     

The effect of focal depth error on moment tensor inversion

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Test on mechanical behavior of SRC L-shaped columns under combined torsion and bending moment

Investigations of the seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete L-shaped columns under constant axial compression and cycled bending-shear-torsion load were performed.Six specimens,which considered two parameters,i.e.,the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)and the aspect ratio(column length-to-depth ratio,φ),were prepared for the experiment.In this study,the failure process,torsion-displacement hysteresis curves,and flexure-displacement hysteresis curves were obtained.The failure characteristics,mechanical behavior of specimens such as the failure patterns,hysteresis curves,rigidity degradation,ductility and energy dissipation,are analyzed.The experimental research indicated that the major failures of the specimens were bending failure,bending-shear failure and bending-torsion failure as the moment ratio of torsion to bending(γ)increased.The torsion-displacement hysteresis curves were pinched in the middle,formed a slip platform,and the phenomenon of“load drop”occurred after the peak load.The bending-displacement hysteresis curves were plump,which showed that bending capacity of the specimen was better than its torsion capacity.Additionally,the energy dissipation of the specimen was dominated by torsion in the early stage and ultimately governed by the bending moment in the later phase.Test results also indicated that the displacement ductility coefficient and interstory rotation angle of the failure point were less than 3.0 and 1/50,respectively,which means the test specimen performance does not meet the requirement of the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2014)in this respect.     

Influence of geometry and of the constitutive law of the supporting columns on the seismic response of a hyperbolic cooling tower

The supporting columns and their foundation influence the cooling tower's seismic response decisively. At the same time, they represent the most vulnerable part of the structure. To determine the optimum seismic design, the influence of the geometry of the columns is investigated parametrically. The dominant parameter, the in-plane angle of inclination, should be selected to be as large as possible. For a specific geometric configuration, the response for increasing seismic excitation is studied. The constitutive laws of the concrete and of the reinforcement steel in the columns as well as slipping and lift-off of the foundations are incorporated into a non-linear analysis. The largest reduction in response results from the behaviour of the columns in tension. The tower can thus withstand much larger seismic excitations than those indicated in a linear analysis. Slipping and lift-off, which develop for extreme earthquakes only, play a less important role, even when occurring in the entire foundation.     

The effect of the high-speed stream following the corotating interaction region on the geomagnetic activities

The high-speed stream following the corotating interaction regions (CIRs) was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the geomagnetic field is continuously disturbed in the high-speed stream in question. The geomagnetic disturbances with long duration recurred several rotations between December 1993 and June 1994. These disturbances were associated with a large recurrent coronal hole expanding from the south pole of the Sun. High-speed solar wind from this coronal hole was observed by the IMP-8 satellite during this period. However, the observed intensities of the geomagnetic disturbances were different for each recurrent period. This is explained by the seasonal effect. The disturbed geomagnetic condition continued in the highspeed stream after the passage of the CIRs. The long duration of these disturbances can be explained by the continuous energy input into the Earths magnetosphere from the high-speed regions following the CIRs. This kind of long-duration geomagnetic disturbance in association with coronal holes has been observed in the declining phase of other solar cycles. The relation between the coronal-hole area and the maximum solar-wind velocity is not good for the well-developed large coronal hole analyzed here.     

Inelastic displacement demand of bridge columns considering shear–flexure interaction

Reinforced concrete bridge columns exhibit complex hysteretic behavior owing to combined action of shear, bending moment, and axial force under multi‐directional seismic shakings. The inelastic displacement of columns can be increased by shear–flexure interaction (SFI). This paper develops a simple yet reliable demand model for estimating the inelastic displacement and ductility based on the nonlinear time history analyses of 24 full‐size columns subject to a suite of near‐fault ground motions. A coupled hysteretic model is used to simulate the shear‐flexure interactive (SFI) behavior of columns and the accumulated material damage during loading reversals, including pinching, strength deterioration, and stiffness softening. Guided by rigorous dimensional analysis, the inelastic displacement responses of bridge columns are presented in dimensionless form showing remarkable order. A dimensionless nonlinearity index is derived taking into account of the column strength, ground motion amplitude, and softening or hardening post‐yield behavior. Strong correlation is revealed between the normalized inelastic displacement and the dimensionless structure‐to‐pulse frequency, the dimensionless nonlinearity index as well as the aspect ratio. Two regressive equations for displacement and ductility demands are proposed and validated against the simulation results. The SFI effects are discussed and included explicitly through the aspect ratio in the proposed model. This study offers a new way to realistically predict the inelastic displacement of columns directly from structural and ground motion characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simplified design method and seismic performance of space trusses with consideration of the influence of the stiffness of their lower supporting columns

Static and dynamic force performance of two types of space truss structures i.e. square pyramid space truss (SPST) and diagonal on square pyramid space truss (DSPST), are studied to determine the effect of stiffness of their lower supporting members. A simplified model for the supporting columns and the equivalent spring mass system are presented. Furthermore, the feasibility of the simplified model is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and examples of comparative analysis of the simplified model with the entire model. Meanwhile, from the elastic analysis under frequently occurring earthquakes and elasto-plastic analysis under seldom occurring earthquakes subjected to TAFT and EL-Centro seismic oscillation it is shown that the simplified method can be encompassed in the results from the normal model. It also showed good agreement between the two methods, as well as greatly improved the computational efficiency. This study verified that the dynamic effect of the supporting structures was under considered in space truss design in the past. The method proposed in the paper has important significance for other space truss structures.     

形心轴附加弯矩对墩柱整体受力的初步分析

文中以基本的力学理论为依据,对双筋矩形截面混凝土墩柱受力模式进行简化,通过力学平衡方程,从理论上分析了墩柱受力过程中开裂区域形心轴的偏移情况.在此基础上,引入了轴力对形心轴附加弯矩的概念,并初步探讨了形心轴附加弯矩产生的原因及其对墩柱受力和整体刚度的影响.分析结果表明,形心轴附加弯矩对墩柱侧向变形具有一定的消减作用,能够有效地抑制截面开裂、减缓刚度退化,因此在结构抗震分析中,建设对形心轴附加弯矩作用予以考虑.     

断层厚度的地震效应和非对称地震矩张量

本文导出了具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层的非对称地震矩张量表示式,指出要求地震矩张量具有对称性不是一个绝对必要的限制.在非对称地震矩张量中,位错项对应于对称地震矩张量,拉力项对应于非对称地震矩张量.由于拉力项等效于单力偶,所以在非对称地震矩张量解的两个节面上,沿滑动矢量方向的力偶强度不再相同,与较大力偶相联系的节面为断层面,与较小力偶相联系的节面为辅助面.这一性质可用以从两个正交的节面中判断哪一个节面是断层面.如果忽略拉力项,会高估与位错对应的标量地震矩.只有满足相应的约束条件的非对称地震矩张量才能表示具有厚度和滑动弱化区域的断层模型,并从中分离出与位错和拉力对应的地震矩张量.     

混凝土框架柱抗剪承载力计算公式的可靠度分析探讨

通过试验研究，提出了基于能力设计法的框架柱塑性铰区抗剪承载力计算公式，并对此进行了可靠度分析。定量分析了该计算公式的可靠指标与剪跨比、配箍率等因素的关系。同时针对目前我国现行规范抗剪承载力计算的可靠度指标偏低较多的情况，该建议公式对不同抗震要求的构件提出了不同的可靠指标，既考虑了我国设计习惯，又体现了能力设计法的要求，充分考虑了安全性的要求，对工程应用具有较大的参考价值。论文的主要研究成果已被《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010-2002)吸收。