液闪法测量水中氚放射性活度的淬灭效应

采用液体闪烁计数法进行放射性同位素测量时存在淬灭效应,而且几乎每个样品的淬灭程度都不同,并影响测量精度。采用液体闪烁计数法测量水中氚的放射性活度,淬灭是难以避免的,因此要进行淬灭校正,才能使不同淬灭程度的样品的测量结果具有可比性。淬灭校正的方法有很多,外标准校正法是一种比较可靠的方法。文章采用氚外标准校正法进行实验,得出淬灭校正曲线即探测效率E与淬灭参数SQP(E)的关系式为E=0.001 3SQP(E)-0.707 6,经过样品验证,该曲线是可靠的。采用外标准校正法适合于大批样品的测量。     

碳硫仪单点校正法测定岩石样品中的硫

以单点校正法,采用国家一级标准物质,用标准样品的标准值与实验值求得校正系数,测定与标准物质基体相类似岩石样品中的硫,简单、快速。经标准物质校验,结果与标准物质吻合。方法检出限、准确度和精密度均能满足地质样品的分析要求。     

环境标准样品均匀性检验数据漂移校正方法探讨

均匀性检验是环境标准样品研制的重要技术环节,在均匀性检验过程中,数据漂移对环境标准样品均匀性判定及其不确定度评定的影响不容忽视。本文结合实例,从实验方案和数理统计方法等方面探讨了随机分析法、随机区组法、内插校正法、趋势分析校正法等均匀性检验实验方案及数据漂移校正方法。提出采用t检验法判断数据漂移的显著性,在数据漂移趋势不显著的情况下,采用随机分析法进行标准样品的均匀性检验。在数据漂移显著的情况下,宜采用内插校正法或趋势分析校正法对均匀性数据进行漂移校正。以某土壤中Ni元素均匀性检验为例,经采用内插校正法和趋势分析校正法校正漂移数据后,测量值的相对标准偏差(RSD)由3.0%分别下降为1.4%和1.2%,直线模型斜率的绝对值由0.2003 mg/kg分别下降为0.02870mg/kg和4.709×10~(-5)mg/kg。土壤中Ni、Cu、Co、Tl等4种重金属元素的瓶间均匀性不确定度分量(u_(bb))与随机分析法相比,下降最高达78%。在长时间分析测试过程中数据漂移校正效果欠佳的情况下,宜采用随机区组法进行标准样品的均匀性检验。     

青藏高原天然水体中铀含量的区域分布特征

对采自青藏高原部分河水及个别地下水样品中溶解态铀的含量进行了初步研究。采样地点主要包括青海的纳赤台地区及长江源头、藏北地区、雅鲁藏布江流域、西藏中西部内流域、西藏西部狮泉河流域和藏南喜马拉雅流域，共采集水体样品41个。用0．45μm的针式过滤器对样品进行了处理，高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了过滤水中铀的含量。结果表明，不同流域河水中铀的含量范围为0．17—6．53μg／L，均值l.20μg／L，并且存在着明显的区域变化。西藏中西部内流域河水中铀的平均含量最低(0．51μg／L)，藏南的外流域地区最高(2．48μg／L)，但数据点较少，其次是藏北地区(1.51μg／L)。并对各流域水体中铀含量存在差异的原因进行了讨论。     

碳酸钠浸取-紫外荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量铀

地质样品经HF—HNO3-HCl-HClO4溶解后，用50g／L碳酸钠溶液浸取分离，采用紫外荧光光谱法直接测定上清液的铀含量。浸取时间选择30min，Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn等元素留在残渣中不产生干扰。方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为3．37％～7．06％，检出限为0．009μg／g（进样量100μL）。方法参加区域地球化学考核样品的测试，合格率100％，适用于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石及Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、M、Cu和Mn含量较高的样品中痕量铀的测定。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定滑石中砷和汞

样品经盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸溶解,盐酸提取,提取液直接上机测定。综合采用离峰背景校正法及干扰系数校正法消除各种干扰对测定的影响,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定煤及煤灰样品中21个主次量及微量元素。方法检出限为0.03~5.6μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.5%~3.6%。方法用国家一级标准物质验证,各元素的测定值与标准值吻合,满足煤分析要求。     

野外现场铀矿石中铀的快速准确测定方法研究——TOPO萃取α计数法

研究了野外现场快速准确测定铀矿石中铀的三辛基氧膦(TOPO)萃取α计数法。目前野外现场铀的测量主要采用γ谱法,即利用铀子体的γ射线强度来计算铀的含量,当样品中铀镭处于不平衡状态时,γ谱法测铀存在着较大的测量误差。本文将铀的核性质与化学性质结合起来,采用密闭酸溶法快速溶解样品中的铀,酸溶后的样品不经分离直接在溶样罐中用TOPO萃取,进而测定样品中铀产生的α射线强度获得铀的含量,避免了γ谱法的不足。方法检出限为铀含量2.41μg/g;当铀含量为大约为100μg/g时,测量相对偏差为5.93%;铀的测定范围为7.23μg/g～n%。密闭酸溶法试剂用量少,溶样速度快,且对环境和操作人员污染小;酸溶后的样品用TOPO萃取2 min后即可达到萃取平衡,铀萃取效率在97%以上;所需的仪器设备可以车载形式用于野外现场铀矿石中铀的准确测定,野外应用操作简单、快速、精密度和准确性较高。     

粉末样品中主,次量元素的XRF法分析—理论a系数与内标校正法

本文继《岩石中多元素的X射线荧光光谱测定—经验系数法》的工作之后,又进行了理论。系数法用于粉末样品的分析研究。并对两者进行了比较。认为:理论α系数法优于经验α系数校正法,并具有一些突出的优点—较宽的分析范围和好的分析精度。本法对痕量元素的分析,采用散射内标校正法。     

额尔齐斯河流域及某稀有多金属矿废水铀、钍含量分布及其环境影响

运用简易、快捷、灵敏的ICP-MS法直接测定稀有多金属矿以及河水样品中的铀钍含量,并推算其与比放射性活度之间的定量关系,客观评价了某稀有多金属矿废水中的放射性水平以及额尔齐斯河流域的放射性污染现状。研究表明,某稀有多金属选矿废水铀含量可达78．311μg/L,钍含量达0．627μg/L。额尔齐斯河流域各支流河水铀、钍平均含量分别为0．584μg/L、0．025μg/L,其干流河水钍平均含量为0．019μg/L,而铀平均含量达2．234μg/L,远高于世界河水铀平均含量0．309μg/L。     

粉末样品中主、次量元素的XRF法分析——理论α系数与内标校正法

本文继《岩石中多元素的X射线荧光光谱测定—经验系数法》的工作之后,又进行了理论。系数法用于粉末样品的分析研究。并对两者进行了比较。认为:理论α系数法优于经验α系数校正法,并具有一些突出的优点——较宽的分析范围和好的分析精度。本法对痕量元素的分析,采用散射内标校正法。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861