灰色线性组合模型在基坑监测中的运用

本文论述了灰色系统理论在深基坑沉降数据处理中的运用,在运用过程当中,分别采用了GM（1,1）模型和灰色线性组合模型两种方法对数据序列进行拟合和预测。并得出了灰色线性组合模型在基坑沉降预测中比GM（1,1）更精确可靠的结论。     

GM（1，1）模型在建筑物变形预测中的应用

通过对某楼群变形预测的实例,阐述了如何利用现场采集的数据信息,按灰色理论的GM（1,1）模型建立预测模型,对建筑物变形进行预测预报的方法。     

优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)在铁路沉降中的应用

针对传统的GM(1,1)模型在建筑(构筑)物形变和沉降预测中的灰色作用量恒定和背景值构造有偏差的缺陷,该文通过引入线性时间项的灰色作用量和广义加权构造最优背景值相结合的方法构建了优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型。以实际铁路沉降监测点的累计沉降监测数据为例,分别采用传统的GM(1,1)模型、时变参数GM(1,1)模型和优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型对观测数据进行了拟合和预测。结果表明,优化背景值的时变参数GM(1,1)模型的拟合和预测精度相比传统GM(1,1)模型和时变参数GM(1,1)模型有很大提高,适合于铁路沉降数据的监控和分析。研究结果可为铁路的沉降预测提供一定的参考价值。     

非等间距WGM-AR模型在基坑周边建筑物沉降预测中的应用

非等间距GM（1,1）模型在不等时间间隔序列的趋势分析和预测方面具有重要作用,在此基础上,提出一种基于非等间距加权GM（1,1）模型和自回归AR（p）模型相结合的非等间距加权灰色自回归模型（非等间距WGM-AR模型）.将基坑周边建筑物沉降监测数据视为具有确定趋势的非等时间序列,对序列进行平滑处理,利用非等间距加权GM（1,1）模型提取该时序中的确定性趋势项,用自回归AR（p）模型分析生成的等间距序列中的随机项,并采用内插法得到沉降监测序列的随机项.将组合模型与非等间距GM（1,1）模型计算结果对比分析,结果表明,组合模型具有更高的预测精度,在基坑周边建筑物沉降预测中具有较高的应用价值.     

改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降预测中的应用

对新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型所采用的灰色预测方法进行了改进,运用新的代数递推方程替代了原始的灰色微分方程,并利用某建筑物的沉降观测数据进行了预测与分析,结果表明,改进后的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的预测精度得到了显著提高。     

京沪高速铁路沉降趋势分析与预报方法的研究

分别运用多项式拟合和灰色GM(1,1)模型,对京沪高速铁路常州段桥墩沉降监测数据进行了处理与分析,验证了灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测效果优于多项式拟合,能较好地预测桥墩的沉降趋势。     

灰关联GM(1,N)模型在建筑物沉降分析中的应用

针对建筑物沉降变形中各监测点相互关联、相互影响的情形,可将灰色系统理论中的GM(1,N)模型引入到建筑物沉降分析中。本文利用灰度关联方法确定相关因子的关联度,建立GM(1,N)模型,并与回归分析、GM(1,1)模型比较。通过工程实例,得出灰关联GM(1,N)模型预测精度明显高于另外两种模型,验证了该模型在进行建筑物沉降分析预测中应用的可行性。     

改进的GM(1,1)模型在公路隧道沉降预测中的应用

根据灰色系统理论,可以将公路隧道的沉降过程看做一个灰色系统。本文对传统的GM(1,1)模型中的初始值、背景值进行改进,得到改进的GM(1,1)模型,并将其应用到公路隧道的沉降预测中。通过实例验证,改进的GM(1,1)模型的模拟和预测精度比传统的GM(1,1)模型有显著提高。     

GM(1,1)模型在高铁软土路基沉降监测中的应用

依托哈齐铁路客运专线沉降观测项目,利用灰色模型GM(1,1)对软土路基沉降进行定量分析预测,探讨了该沉降过程的动态变化规律。与实测数据对比表明,灰色模型GM(1,1)对该沉降趋势的符合度较高,精度能够满足要求。     

基于GM(1,1)等维新息模型的矿山沉降预测

介绍了GM(1,1)灰色模型的建立过程及模型的精度评定方法,采用等维新息模型对某矿工业广场的沉降趋势进行了预测,并用残差序列建立GM(1,1)模型进行修正,通过与实测的结果对比表明,模型的预测具有较高的精度,模型可靠合理。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。