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1.
通过对天山北麓 190 6年玛纳斯 7 7级地震区的浅层地震探测资料、石油地震反射剖面、二维电性结构剖面、深地震反射剖面的研究 ,发现玛纳斯地震区多层次活动构造系统的根带 ,它通过脆 -韧转换带与天山活动构造块体内上地壳中的低速、高导层连为一体。低速、高导层可能是天山地壳内正在活动的韧性剪切带 ,而齐古逆断裂 -褶皱带下的脆 -韧转换带是连接深部活动韧性剪切带与地壳浅部脆性破裂的枢纽 ,也是现今孕育和发生大地震的重要构造部位。 190 6年玛纳斯地震发生在脆韧转换带的底部 ,地震区的活动逆断裂和褶皱只是部分记录了深部韧性剪切带活动的信息 相似文献
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1902年阿图什81/4级地震发生在西南天山山前推覆构造体中,逆冲推覆构造由推覆体的根部断裂、推覆体、滑脱断层和前缘逆断裂-褶皱等组成,大地震的发震断裂往往是推覆构造的根部断裂,而地震地表破裂和同震褶皱隆起则位于山前逆断层-褶皱带内。高震级的潜在震源区(MU7.5)对应于低速的天山地块和高速的塔里木地块之间的根带断裂,其长度对应于推覆体根带断裂的长度,宽度对应于根带隐伏逆冲断裂在地表的投影宽度。推覆体前缘的每个活动逆断裂-背斜对应于一个潜在震源(MU≤7.5),其长度与活动逆断裂-背斜的长度相等,宽度应覆盖活动褶皱的两翼。潜在震源的矩震级上限由W-C统计关系式确定,其中发震断裂的面积为活动褶皱的长度与隐伏断坡宽度的乘积。 相似文献
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新疆主要逆断层-褶皱构造区基本地震构造特征与潜在震源划分问题 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文介绍了新疆主要逆断层-褶皱构造区的基本特征,并对其潜在震源划分问题进行了初步的讨论。北天山山前推覆构造及乌鲁木齐以南的逆断裂-褶皱构造相对比较简单,由根部断裂、推覆体和前缘逆断裂-褶皱构造所组成;强地震的极震区或地震动的高值区可能位于推覆构造的根部断裂附近,而地震地表破裂和同震地表变形则位于山前逆断层-褶皱带内。南天山的柯坪推覆构造、库车推覆构造、帕米尔东北缘的弧形推覆构造,虽然也由多排逆断裂-褶皱构造带组成,但是其中的规模巨大、发育时间较长的逆断裂-背斜带,往往具备发生强震的条件。强震的极震区分布与地震地表断层位置比较一致,可作为强震的潜在震源。盆地内的新的盲逆断层-褶皱构造也具备发生6.5—7.0 级地震的能力,应作为震级上限为 7.0 级的潜在震源。由于对逆断层-褶皱构造的深浅构造关系及发震模型认识的不足,在潜在震源划分中应考虑这种不确定性。同时在潜在震源区划分中,还应考虑地震构造区的地震活动历史及构造活动性参数。 相似文献
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新生代期间强烈而持久的再生造山作用,在天山地区形成了大量近EW向逆断裂-褶皱带,引起地壳强烈缩短,穿插有NW向“类转换断层”,显示出天山地区近NS向不均匀的构造挤压作用;区域上地震构造主要为近EW向逆断裂-褶皱带或盲逆断层,其次为NW向“类转换断层”。巴楚-伽师地震区位于南天山柯坪塔格推覆构造系以南,NE向跨越极震区、长约50km的深地震反射探测表明,1997年伽师强震群的发震构造推测为NW向隐伏“类转换断层”,2003年巴楚-伽师地震(MS6·8)的发震构造为柯坪塔格推覆构造系南缘尚未出露地表的近EW向盲逆断层系 相似文献
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The Taigu fault zone is one of the major 12 active boundary faults of the Shanxi fault-depression system, located on the eastern boundary of the Jinzhong basin. As the latest investigation indicated, the fault zone had dislocated gully terrace of the first order, forming fault-scarp in front of the loess mesa. It has been discovered in many places in ground surface and trenches that Holocene deposits were dislocated. The latest activity was the 1303 Hongdong earthquake M=8, the fault appeared as right-lateral strike-slip with normal faulting. During that earthquake, the Taigu fault together with the Mianshan western-side fault on the Lingshi upheaval and the Huoshan pediment fault on the eastern boundary of the Linfen basin was being active, forming a surface rupture belt of 160 km in length. Moreover, the Taigu fault were active in the mid-stage of Holocene and near 7 700 aB.P. From these we learnt that, in Shanxi fault-depression system, the run-through activity of two boundary faults of depression-basins might generate great earthquake with M=8. 相似文献
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A strong earthquake with magnitude MS6.2 hit Hutubi, Xinjiang at 13:15:03 on December 8th, 2016(Beijing Time). In order to better understand its mechanism, we performed centroid moment tensor inversion using the broadband waveform data recorded at stations from the Xinjiang regional seismic network by employing gCAP method. The best double couple solution of the MS6.2 mainshock on December 8th, 2016 estimated from local and near-regional waveforms is strike:271°, dip:64ånd rake:90° for nodal plane I, and strike:91°, dip:26ånd rake:90°for nodal plane Ⅱ; the centroid depth is about 21km and the moment magnitude(MW)is 5.9. ISO, CLVD and DC, the full moment tensor, of the earthquake accounted for 0.049%, 0.156% and 99.795%, respectively. The share of non-double couple component is merely 0.205%. This indicates that the earthquake is of double-couple fault mode, a typical tectonic earthquake featuring a thrust-type earthquake of squeezing property.The double difference(HypoDD)technique provided good opportunities for a comparative study of spatio-temporal properties and evolution of the aftershock sequences, and the earthquake relocation was done using HypoDD method. 486 aftershocks are relocated accurately and 327 events are obtained, whose residual of the RMS is 0.19, and the standard deviations along the direction of longitude, latitude and depth are 0.57km, 0.6km and 1.07km respectively. The result reveals that the aftershocks sequence is mainly distributed along the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, extending about 35km to the NWW direction as a whole; the focal depths are above 20km for most of earthquakes, while the main shock and the biggest aftershock are deeper than others. The depth profile shows a relatively steep dip angle of the seismogenic fault plane, and the aftershocks dipping northward. Based on the spatial and temporal distribution features of the aftershocks, it is considered that the seismogenic fault plane may be the nodal plane I and the dip angle is about 271°. The structure of the Hutubi earthquake area is extremely complicated. The existing geological structure research results show that the combination zone between the northern Tianshan and the Junggar Basin presents typical intracontinental active tectonic features. There are numerous thrust fold structures, which are characterized by anticlines and reverse faults parallel to the mountains formed during the multi-stage Cenozoic period. The structural deformation shows the deformation characteristics of longitudinal zoning, lateral segmentation and vertical stratification. The ground geological survey and the tectonic interpretation of the seismic data show that the recoil faults are developed near the source area of the Hutubi earthquake, and the recoil faults related to the anticline are all blind thrust faults. The deep reflection seismic profile shows that there are several listric reverse faults dipping southward near the study area, corresponding to the active hidden reverse faults; At the leading edge of the nappe, there are complex fault and fold structures, which, in this area, are the compressional triangular zone, tilted structure and northward bedding backthrust formation. Integrating with geological survey and seismic deep soundings, the seismogenic fault of the MS6.2 earthquake is classified as a typical blind reverse fault with the opposite direction close to the southern marginal fault of the Junggar Basin, which is caused by the fact that the main fault is reversed by a strong push to the front during the process of thrust slip. Moreover, the Manas earthquake in 1906 also occurred near the southern marginal fault in Junggar, and the seismogenic mechanism was a blind fault. This suggests that there are some hidden thrust fault systems in the piedmont area of the northern Tianshan Mountains. These faults are controlled by active faults in the deep and contain multiple sets of active faults. 相似文献
7.
柯坪逆冲推覆构造带是西南天山山前晚新生代以来形成的活动逆断裂-褶皱带,由5~6排近平行的弧形褶皱带组成,出露地层为寒武系—第四系。背斜形态多为复式箱状背斜和不对称的斜歪背斜,分别与断层弯曲背斜和断层扩展背斜的几何形态一致。地震勘探资料显示,各褶皱带前缘活动逆断裂在深部归并于统一的、由寒武系中的石膏层组成的滑脱面。滑脱面深度具有南浅北深、东浅西深的特点,皮羌断裂西侧滑脱面深度约为9km,东侧滑脱面深度为5km。在柯坪逆冲推覆构造中部的皮羌断裂东西两侧各5km和8km的位置,以断层弯曲褶皱和断层扩展褶皱构造模型为指导,用线长平衡的方法完成了2条长度分别为78km和73km的平衡地质剖面,恢复到变形前的形态后计算出这2条剖面上的地壳缩短量分别为40km和45km,缩短率为33%和37%。由于对柯坪逆冲推覆构造开始形成时间的证据较少,所以要计算长期的缩短速率是比较困难的。对比天山南麓库车活动逆断裂-褶皱带的形成时代,以及柯坪逆冲推覆构造与印干断裂的关系,认为柯坪逆冲推覆构造形成于第四纪早期的西域砾岩沉积阶段,按距今2.5Ma计算,柯坪逆冲推覆构造的地壳缩短速率是15.4~17.3mm/a 相似文献
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We present the seismic source zoning of the tectonically active Greater Kashmir territory of the Northwestern Himalaya and seismicity analysis (Gutenberg-Richter parameters) and maximum credible earthquake (m max) estimation of each zone. The earthquake catalogue used in the analysis is an extensive one compiled from various sources which spans from 1907 to 2012. Five seismogenic zones were delineated, viz. Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Karakorum Seismic Zone, Kohistan Seismic Zone, Nanga Parbat Syntaxis, and SE-Kashmir Seismic Zone. Then, the seismicity analysis and maximum credible earthquake estimation were carried out for each zone. The low b value (<1.0) indicates a higher stress regime in all the zones except Nanga Parbat Syntaxis Seismic Zone and SE-Kashmir Seismic Zone. The m max was estimated following three different methodologies, the fault parameter approach, convergence rates using geodetic measurements, and the probabilistic approach using the earthquake catalogue and is estimated to be M w 7.7, M w 8.5, and M w 8.1, respectively. The maximum credible earthquake (m max) estimated for each zone shows that Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis Seismic Zone has the highest m max of M w 8.1 (±0.36), which is espoused by the historical 1555 Kashmir earthquake of M w 7.6 as well as the recent 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake of M w 7.6. The variation in the estimated m max by the above discussed methodologies is obvious, as the definition and interpretation of the m max change with the method. Interestingly, historical archives (~900 years) do not speak of a great earthquake in this region, which is attributed to the complex and unique tectonic and geologic setup of the Kashmir Himalaya. The convergence is this part of the Himalaya is distributed not only along the main boundary faults but also along the various active out-of-sequence faults as compared to the Central Himalaya, where it is mainly adjusted along the main boundary fault. 相似文献
11.
The seismogenic fault and the dynamic mechanism of the Ning’er, Yunnan Province MS6.4 earthquake of June 3, 2007 are studied on the basis of the observation data of the surface fissures, sand blow and water eruption, landslide and collapse associated with the earthquake, incorporating with the data of geologic structures, focal mechanism solutions and aftershock distribution for the earthquake area. The observation of the surface fissures reveals that the Banhai segment of the NW-trending Ning’er fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NNE-trending fault is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. The seismo-geologic hazards are concentrated mainly within a 330°-extending zone of 13.5 km in length and 4 km in width. The major axis of the isoseismal is also oriented in 330° direction, and the major axis of the seismic intensity VIII area is 13.5 km long. The focal mechanism solutions indicate that the NW-trending nodal plane of the Ning’er MS6.4 earthquake is dominated by right-lateral slip, while the NE-trending nodal plane is dominated by left-lateral slip. The preferred distribution orientation of the aftershocks of MS≥2 is 330°, and the focal depths are within the range of 3~12 km, predominantly within 3~10 km. The distribution of the aftershocks is consistent with the distribution zone of the seismo-geologic hazards. All the above-mentioned data indicate that the Banhai segment of the Ning’er fault is the seismogenic fault of this earthquake. Moreover, the driving force of the Ning’er earthquake is discussed in the light of the active block theory. It is believed that the northward pushing of the Indian plate has caused the eastward slipping of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which has been transformed into the southeastern-southernward squeezing of the southwest Yunnan region. As a result, the NW-trending faults in the vicinity of the Ning’er area are dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NE-trending faults are dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. This tectonic framework might be the main cause of the frequent occurrence of MS6.0~6.9 earthquakes in the area. 相似文献
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2013年4月20日发生在龙门山南段的芦山MS7.0地震是继发生在龙门山中北段的汶川MS8.0地震之后的又一次强震。本文通过震后地表变形特征、余震分布、震源机制解、石油地震勘探剖面、历史地震数据等资料,结合前人对龙门山南段主干断裂、褶皱构造特征的研究以及野外实地考察,应用活动褶皱及"褶皱地震"的相关理论,初步分析芦山地震的发震构造模式。认为芦山地震为典型的褶皱地震,发震断裂为前山或山前带一隐伏断裂。构造挤压产生的地壳缩短大部分被褶皱构造吸收。认为龙门山南段前缘地区具有活褶皱-逆断层的运动学特征,表明龙门山逆冲作用正向四川盆地内部扩展。 相似文献
13.
乌鲁木齐市活断层强地面运动预测研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了基于乌鲁木齐活断层发震构造模型的强地面运动的预测结果.该项工作是在乌鲁木齐城区开展的活断层探测与地震危险性评价的基础上,设定了两个发震构造,分别为北天山山前逆冲推覆构造和博格达弧西翼逆冲推覆构造,前者可能最大地震震级为7.5级,后者为7.0级,据此建立了分析计算模型.根据地脉动观测分析结果,结合浅层地震勘探、地质图、地形图和钻孔资料,建立了地下三维速度模型,采用统计学的格林函数法、三维有限差分法和混合计算方法,对目标区的地震动进行了预测研究.预测结果表明,断层的结构、破裂方式和三维速度模型对地震动的分布具有显著的影响.沿断层前缘、盆地边缘、覆盖层较厚的地区,以及断层破裂的前方地震动比较显著. 相似文献
14.
Gravity anomaly and crustal density structure in Jilantai rift zone and its adjacent region
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This paper deals with the interpretation of Bouguer gravity anomalies measured along a 250 km long Suhaitu-Etuokeqi gravity profile located at the transitional zone of the Alxa and Ordos blocks where geophysical characteristics are very complex. The analysis is carried out in terms of the ratio of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly, the normalized full gradient of a section of the Bouguer gravity anomaly (G h ) and the crustal density structure reveal that (1) the ratio of highs and lows of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly is large between Zhengyiguan fault (F4) and Helandonglu fault (F6), which can be explained due to crustal inhomogeneities related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet block in the northeast; (2) the main active faults correspond to the G h contour strip or cut the local region, and generally show strong deformation characteristics, for example the Bayanwulashan mountain front fault (F1) or the southeast boundary of Alxa block is in accord with the western change belt of G h , a belt about 10 km wide that extends to about 30 km; (3) Yinchuan-Pingluo fault (F8) is the seismogenic structure of the Pingluo M earthquake, and its focal depth is about 15 km; (4) the Moho depth trend and Bouguer gravity anomaly variation indicates that the regional gravity field is strongly correlated with the Moho discontinuity. 相似文献
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2022年6月1日, 四川芦山发生MS6.1(MW5.9)强震, 龙门山断裂带南段的地震危险性再次引起广泛的关注和讨论.本次研究根据震源机制、余震重定位和深地震反射剖面, 详细分析了发震断层, 并刻画了芦山震区同震断层的三维结构和模型.此次地震为典型的逆冲型地震, 震源机制两组节面参数(走向/倾角/滑动角)分别为节面Ⅰ: 221.5°/44.4°/103.3°; 节面Ⅱ: 23.2°/47.1°/77.3°, 矩心深度为15.5 km.结合余震展布特征, 认为发震断层为一条倾向SE的反冲断层, 初始破裂深度约19 km, 倾角约50°.研究重新解译了芦山震区上地壳的地质构造, 认为龙门山断裂带南段存在两套重要的滑脱层, 具有分层滑脱变形(解耦)的特征: 浅部滑脱层之上为叠瓦构造, 深浅滑脱层之间为双重构造.2013年MS7.0地震与2022年MS6.1地震的发震断层, 均为发育在基底约20 km深度的滑脱层上的盲冲断层, 为早期先存构造并重新活化的产物.芦山MS6.1地震的余震丛集相对独立, 与之前2013年芦山MS7.0地震的发震断层并非相同的断层, 因此认为是一次相对独立的破裂事件.2008年汶川MS8.0地震与2013年芦山MS7.0地震之间的地震空区, 先存断裂众多, 就空区的断层规模而言可以产生7级左右强震.而深部基底盲断层和浅部盖层隐伏断层的广泛存在, 增加了该地区地震灾害风险评估的难度和不确定性.
相似文献16.
Tian Qinjian 《中国地震研究》2007,21(1):74-84
The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles. 相似文献
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利用Sentinel-1A升轨和降轨数据,基于D-InSAR技术,获取2020年1月19日伽师MS6.4地震同震形变场,并结合其他研究机构给出的震源机制解参数和已有研究成果,反演得到伽师地震的发震断层几何特征和滑动分布。研究结果表明,伽师地震同震形变在地表有明显差异;升轨同震形变在卫星视线方向北侧抬升55 mm,南侧下降42 mm;降轨同震形变在卫星视线方面北侧抬升63 mm,南侧下降23 mm。通过反演得到发震断层走向为275°,倾角为20°,地震滑动主要分布在地下5 km处,最大滑动量约为0.32 m,平均滑动角为89.3°,累积地震矩为1.46×1018 N·m,合矩震级MW6.1,发震构造为具有少量走滑性质的逆冲断裂。从发震构造特征、同震滑动分布推测,伽师地震发震构造是柯坪塔格褶皱带滑脱面以上沉积盖层内的逆冲断裂,支持了柯坪推覆体的薄皮构造模型观点。 相似文献
18.
2015年4 月25 日尼泊尔MW7.8特大地震发生在喜马拉雅山南麓, 震源机制解表明该地震为低角度逆冲型地震.通过收集地震区的活动构造研究资料、卫星影像解释和野外实地考察,认为尼泊尔MW7.8地震区地表分布三条主要的逆冲断裂,由北向南分别为喜马拉雅主中央断裂(MCT)、喜马拉雅主边界断裂(MBT)和喜马拉雅主前缘断裂(MFT).主边界断裂和主前缘断裂为晚更新世以来的活动断裂,但至今为止也没有发现喜马拉雅主中央断裂晚第四纪活动的依据.野外调查未发现尼泊尔MW7.8地震在喜马拉雅山南麓的主要断裂上形成地震地表破裂带.喜马拉雅山南麓的构造特征为薄皮构造,表现为浅部陡倾断坡-深部缓倾断坪(7°左右)-深部断坡(11°左右)的构造样式.深部断坡-断坪又称为主喜马拉雅断裂(MHT),其中的深部断坡是尼泊尔地震主震(MW7.8)和最大余震(MW7.3)的发震构造.余震大致沿北西向的高喜马拉雅山前缘呈条带状分布,主要分布在低喜马拉雅山区内.剖面上,余震大致分布在主喜马拉雅断裂的上盘推覆体内,推测尼泊尔MW7.8地震时深部断坡发生错动,其地震位移沿深部断坡-断坪向南传播引起上盘的褶皱带缩短变形,进而触发低喜马拉雅和次喜马拉雅褶皱带内产生次级破裂从而产生余震. 相似文献
19.
L. P. Imaeva B. M. Koz’min V. S. Imaev K. G. Mackey 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(6):821-835
The complex seismotectonic studies of the pleistoseist area of the Ilin-Tas earthquake (Ms = 6.9), one of the strongest seismic events ever recorded by the regional seismic network in northeastern Russia, are carried out. The structural tectonic position, morphotectonic features of present-day topography, active faults, and types of Cenozoic deformations of the epicentral zone are analyzed. The data of the instrumental observations are summarized, and the manifestations of the strong seismic events in the Yana–Indigirka segment of the Cherskii seismotectonic zone are considered. The explanation is suggested for the dynamical tectonic setting responsible for the Andrei-Tas seismic maximum. This setting is created by the influence of the Kolyma–Omolon indenter, which intrudes into the Cherskii seismotectonic zone from the region of the North American lithospheric plate and forms the main seismogenic structures of the Yana–Indigirka segment in the frontal zone (the Ilin-Tas anticlinorium). The highest seismic potential is noted in the Andrei- Tas block—the focus of the main tectonic impacts from the Kolyma–Omolon superterrane. The general trend of this block coincides with the orientation of the major axis of isoseismal ellipses (azimuth 50°–85°), which were determined from the observations of macroseismic effects on the ground after the Uyandina (Ms = 5.6), Andrei-Tas (Ms = 6.1), and Ilin-Tas (Ms = 6.9) earthquakes. 相似文献
20.
At the beginning of the 21st century, a series of great earthquakes were recorded in northeastern Tibet, along the periphery of the Bayan Hara lithospheric block. An earthquake with MS = 8.1 occurred within the East Kunlun fault zone in the Kunlun Mountains, which caused an extended surface rupture with left-lateral strike slip. An earthquake with MS = 8 occurred in Wenchuan (China) on May 12, 2008, giving rise to an extended overthrust along the Lunmanshan fault zone. An earthquake with MS = 7.1 occurred in Yushu (China) on April 14, 2010; its epicenter was on the Grazze–Yushu–Funchuoshan fault; a left-lateral strikeslip offset was observed on the surface. An earthquake with MS = 7 occurred in the vicinity of Lushan on April 20, 2013; its epicenter was within the Lunmanshan fault zone, 103 km southwest of the zone of the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake. An earthquake with MS = 8.2 occurred in Nepal on April 25, 2015. Based on the CSN seismic catalog, the energy of all earthquakes in eastern Tibet at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries was estimated. It was found that Tibet was seismically quiet from 1980 to 2000. The beginning of the 21st century has been marked by seismic activation with earthquake sources migrating southward to surround the Bayan Hara lithospheric block from every quarter. Therefore, this block can be regarded as one of the most seismically active regions of China. 相似文献