银川台小口子泉水氡低值异常判定方法研究

通过研究银川台小口子泉水氡多年观测资料在周边地区地震前的异常形态,发现资料的低值异常对应泉点西北方位的地震。通过研究震前异常形态的共性,结合观测规范,提出异常判定公式,并将以往的震例进行异常判定检验。在日常观测资料分析处理中,运用低值异常判定公式分析银川台小口子泉水氡观测资料出现的短临低值异常,比较成功的取得了两次会商、一次填卡短临异常预报。     

氡观测预报发震地点和震级的方法初探

选取新15泉水氡、新43泉气氡资料,利用氡观测异常预测发震地点和震级方法,对发生在新疆的两次中强地震进行反演,结果令人满意。氡观测台站数量少、分布不均匀造成该方法预测结果具有局限性;在异常点多、布局合理的情况下,该方法预测的发震地点和震级范围具有一定的参考价值。     

银川地震台数字化重力资料映震情况分析

介绍了银川地震臼重力观测情况。应用调和分析、潮汐变化、非潮汐变化及滤波等分析方法,对银川台GS15-NO215型重力仪2003～2007年的观测资料进行了处理,分析了银川台数字化重力资料的观测质量及年变周期的特点。总结了银川台重力数字化资料与周边地区地震活动的对应关系及其映震情况。     

新30号泉水氡映震特征分析

对新30号泉1990年1月1日至2009年5月31日水氡观测资料进行了统计分析。结果表明,新30号泉水氡观测点对温泉地区发生的5级以上中等地震映震效果较好,震前观测到一些异常信息,异常以高、低值脉冲型异常为主,破年变的异常比较可靠,而且均为短期异常。     

民和水氡正常动态与异常变化特征分析

通过校正曲线异常分析方法，对民和泉点多年水氡观测资料进行综合分析和映震能力检验，得到该泉水氡正常年变化规律及异常变化形态曲线图。并利用该资料的异常变化特征进一步探索本区域未来地震异常反映规律。     

张家口矾山泉水氡资料变化特征分析

深入研究了矾山泉水氡资料的趋势变化和年变化特征,对水氡与气温的正相关特性进行了分析,并对该泉水氡资料的映震能力作了统计分析。结果表明,矾山泉水氡资料从长期到中短期的异常变化与本区的中强地震活动有较好的对应关系,根据中短期异常可作出6个月以内中等地震发生的概率为68.70%。     

用一阶差分法分析甘肃祁连山地区氡短期映震效能

系统分析了甘肃祁连山地区7个氡台点短期异常映震情况。通过对该区数据特点的分析。数据的处理采用了一阶差分法,求出各个台点的月异常频次,如果异常后(包括异常出现的月份)3个月内出现地震,则认为异常与地震对应,否则为虚报。分析发现连城与古浪台对应率比较好,对应率都在50％以上,黄茂,矿物台最差,虚报率接近75％;漏报率都比较低,都在30％以下;异常频次值的大小与地震以及地震的大小并无直接的关系;异常与震中距也无线性关系。     

延庆松山泉水汞的映震特征研究

在对延庆松山泉水汞观测资料进行清理和总结的基础上，对该泉水汞的映震能力进行了评价和研究，研究结果表明，该泉水汞异常与地震的对应率较高，1997年以来，其异常对于测点附近发生的有感地震及中小地震和距测点较远范围内发生的5级以上地震有很高的对应率，根据地质构造的活动特征对该泉水贡映震灵敏的原因进行了初步探讨。     

甘肃岷县Ms5.2级地震前武山台地下水异常分析

介绍和分析了2003年11月13日甘肃岷县Ms5 2级地震前武山台1号泉水氡和22号井水温、流量的短临异常,并将异常所对应地震的时、空、强做了验证。     

通渭温泉水汞映震能力讨论

分析了通渭温泉水汞的观测资料,对该泉水汞的映震能力做了讨论和分析。分析结果表明,该泉水汞异常与中强地震的对应率很高,主要为中短期趋势性异常,范围主要为甘肃中部地区(祁连山中东段地区),对附近地区的(100km左右)中小地震也有较高的对应率,为单点或多点突跳异常。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.