冰对锥体结构作用力的预测模型分析

通过对作用在锥体结构上的各种静冰力预测模型的介绍,根据大量实验室模拟测试数据,运用直方图对比、无量纲效应分析及统计分析等手段,对有关静冰力计算公式进行了全面分析与确认.所采用的分析方法为我国渤海辽东湾JZ20-2平台原型冰荷载测试数据与预测模型的比较,为利用原型观测数据建立适合于我国渤海环境条件下冰对锥体结构作用力预测模型,提供了有效的技术手段,同时也为有冰海域结构物的可靠性分析提供了各统计量有价值的参考数据.     

锥体冰力的实验研究

通过冰力模型试验,研究了锥体冰力的特征和锥间距对冰力的影响。试验发现冰在正-倒锥交界线上的破坏为挤压破坏;根据试验数据给出了冰在双锥前的非同时破坏系数。     

基于黏聚单元法计算分析海洋平台锥形立柱冰载荷

基于非线性有限元分析方法和LS-DYNA计算软件,使用黏聚单元法建立层冰的数值模型,并进行了层冰与锥形立柱相互作用的数值模拟,研究抗冰锥角、冰厚等参数对立柱所受冰载荷的影响。模拟结果与实测和试验结果吻合良好。研究结果表明:使用黏聚单元法建立的层冰模型可以较好地模拟出层冰的破碎和堆积过程,冰载荷计算结果与ISO冰力标准结果以及离散单元法计算结果吻合较好;锥形立柱的抗冰锥角大小对冰载荷影响明显,随着锥角增大,水平方向的最大冰力增大而竖直方向上最大冰力减小;锥形结构改变了碰撞过程中层冰的破坏形式;结构物所受冰力大小与层冰厚度呈正相关,且增加速度接近线性。     

北冰洋浮冰站近地层参数的观测估算

利用2008年8月20～27日我国第3次北极考察队在85°N附近设立的冰站上进行的湍流通量、辐射观测所获取的相关资料,采用涡动相关法对夏季北冰洋浮冰下垫面的近地层参数进行了估算.结果显示,观测期间浮冰区冰雪面的平均感热、潜热和净辐射通量分别是0.2 W/m2,1.2 W/m2和9.9 W/m2,表明下垫面获得的大部分热...     

Investigations of ice forces on a conical offshore structure

Conical shapes have been used for a long time to reduce the ice impact forces. For a major Canadian offshore lighthouse in Lake Erie, a nearly conical shape was used as early as 1857. But the actual mode of destruction of an ice sheet colliding with a conical structure is still not fully understood. The measured and theoretical values of the horizontal force calculated by the different methods have been compared. Calculations and field observations suggest that a failure mode transitional between that of crushing and flexure occurs for the steeper cone angles.     

新型表层漂流浮标体设计分析

表层漂流浮标在应用于海洋调查研究时,浮标体外形对浮标通讯稳定性及数据回收等会产生一系列影响,也直接制约浮标使用寿命。为此,考虑减少风阻和水阻,减小浮标体对水帆运动的影响,提出了一种新型的适用于近远海海洋观测的表层漂流浮标体葫芦形外形设计方案。结合流体力学理论分析,运用Solid Works软件分别对葫芦形浮标体和常用的圆柱形浮标体建模,并利用Workbench软件CFX流体分析模块开展了流体分析和比较,结果表明葫芦形浮标体所受压力更均匀,其水下部分压力值较圆柱浮标体减小约28%,证明葫芦形外形浮标体更具可靠性。     

Observation of Arctic surface currents using data from a surface drifting buoy

During the 10th Chinese Arctic scientific expedition carried out in the summer of 2019, the surface current in the high-latitude areas of the Arctic Ocean was observed using a self-developed surface drifting buoy, which was initially deployed in the Chukchi Sea. The buoy traversed the Chukchi Sea, Chukchi Abyssal Plain, Mendeleev Ridge, Makarov Basin, and Canada Basin over a period of 632 d. After returning to the Mendeleev Ridge, it continued to drift toward the pole. Overall, the track of the ...     

Phosphates and silicates in sea ice of the high-latitudinal Arctic: Data of the North Pole-34 drifting ice station

The dynamics of phosphates and silicates in sea ice of the high-latitudinal Arctic are considered for the period from November 2005 to May 2006. It is shown that, during the ice formation, silicates are included into it in the same ratio to the salinity that is characteristic of the under-ice water. The further dynamics of silicates are determined by their bioassimilation with the beginning of the polar day and by the biogenic silicon accumulation at the bottom meltwater pools with subsequent leaching. Phosphates are included into ice in a ratio higher than that occurring in the under-ice water. This is caused by the fact that the liquid phase of sea ice represents the composition of the surface microlayer (SML) at the ice-water interface, which is enriched in organic matter and in the products of its destruction (particularly, in phosphates). With the onset of the polar day, the content of phosphates first markedly increases (due to the photo oxidation of biogenic organic matter) and then decreases because of bioassimilation. At the beginning of the polar day, the primary production of diatoms was estimated to be ～0.3 mg C/m² day.     

约束冰层温度膨胀力的研究

由水冻结成冰的相变过程中体积会膨胀;冰在升温过程中体积也会膨胀.本文讨论的是后者.海冰与海中固定式结构、防波堤、护岸等相互接触,这些结构物形成了冰的约束边界.当外界环境温度(主要是气温)发生变化时,冰的温度场也发生变化,从而引起冰的应变,产生温度应力,并对结构产生温度膨胀力.冰温度膨胀力要受约束边界的形状、约束体的刚度、冰层的相对厚度、温升率、应变率等多种因素的影响.     

冰激锥体振动物理模拟实验

应用DUT 1非冻结可破碎模型冰进行冰激锥体振动模拟实验的实验设备和模型的设计 ,给出了低冰速和高冰速两种情况下的结构位移曲线、冰力曲线及其幅值谱分析结果 ,得出了结构卓越频率和冰速与特征长度之比的关系 ,发现冰激锥体振动同冰激柱体振动一样有“频率锁定”现象。将实验结果与已有的冰排与圆柱相互作用实验结果进行比较 ,发现冰激锥体振动和冰激柱体振动有着相似的机理