初探我省地方气象立法

近年来，特别是《气象法》颁布实施以来，我省先后制定了地方性法规1件，政府规章4件，规范性文件几十件，对规范我省气象工作起到了很大作用。随着气象事业的发展和依法治国力度的加大，气象依法行政工作得到前所未有的重视。贯彻实施好《气象法》，建立与其相配套的我省地方性气象法规、规章和规范性文件体系，已列入我省气象法制建设的重要日程。目前，全省各地普遍开展了地方性气象法规、政府规章和规范性文件的制定工作。     

公众气象服务效益调查与结果分析

气象服务效益评估工作,对气象事业的发展既有长远的战略意义,又有现实的紧迫性。本文通过对公众气象服务效益的调查与结果分析,对我省目前公众气象服务效益作初步评估,得出公众气象服务的成本效益比。     

以“规划”为准绳开创我省气象工作新局面

我省气象现代化建设发展七年规划,经过全省气象工作会议的热烈讨论和审议,与会同志普遍认为这个《规划》指导思想明确,思想解放,目标明确,重点突出,切合实际,步骤稳妥,基本勾画出了到1990年我省气象事业发展的远景和蓝图。一致表示赞同。这是我省气象部门的一件大事,它将成为开创我省气象工作新局面,推进我省气象现代化建设的新起点。     

徐山林副省长在全省气象工作会议上的讲话

同志们:这次全省气象工作会议是一次很重要的会议。会上传达了全国气象局长会议精神,总结了建国以来气象工作的基本经验,讨论了气象现代化建设的发展纲要,制定了我省七年气象工作的发展规划。安排了一九八四年工作任务。这次会议对今后我省气象事业的发展必将产生深远的影响。应当肯定,会议开得是比较好的。     

关于加强我省气象科技工作的设想

关于加强我省气象科技工作的设想何学勇，郭建侠，王万瑞（陕西省气象局西安·７１００１５）１９９３年５月，省局新的业发科教处组建一以后，我们对我省气象科技工作情况做了初步的调研和分析，同时利用各种机会与中国气象局、一些省气象局以及省政府有关单位的领导和同...     

全社会共同努力 推动气象工作上台阶

《江西省气象管理规定》的发布实施,标志着我省的气象管理步入法制化的轨道。规章对我省气象事业发展的一系列重大问题,如各级政府要加强对气象防灾减灾工作的领导、切实保护气象探测环境和设施、强化全社会的气候资源保护和开发利用意识、严格执行天气预报统一发布制度、加强对气象科技服务市场的监督管理、违反气象管理规范应承担的法律责任等,作出了明确的规定。我们相信,《规定》实施后,我省的气象事业将会进入一个新的发展阶段,气象事业在我省经济和社会发展中的作用将得到更充分的发挥。立法是前提,执法是关键。要使《规定》在…     

贵州省气象装备保障综合管理系统设计与实现

随着贵州省自动化综合气象观测设备的不断增加,为改善我省气象装备保障综合管理工作,实现全省各类气象装备备件库存的三级管理,中心建立了一套全省现代化气象装备保障综合管理信息系统。该系统初步实现了对全省各类气象装备全寿命的跟踪,提高了我省气象装备备件库存管理的科学性和现代化水平以及我省气象技术装备配置、调拨供应等技术保障体系的运转效率,同时也提升了各类气象装备备件的实际运行效能。     

搞好气象工作 调整努力为四化建设服务

为了传达中央气象局最近召开的各省气象局长会议精神,进一步贯彻以调整为中心的八字方针,讨论我省气象工作今明两年调整任务,总结去年工作,确定今年工作重点,使气象工作更好地为四化建设服务,我省气象局于二月上旬在西安召开各地区气象局长会议,出席这次会议的还     

我省气象技术装备保障工作的现状与发展策略

气象技术装备保障工作是气象事业的重要组成部分.随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和气象现代化建设的发展,这项工作的重要性、紧迫性日益突出.本文拟在分析我省气象技术装备保障工作现状的基础上,提出其发展策略与措施.1我省气象技术装备保障工作的现状1.1常规装备管理基本实现规范化 自从常规气象技术装备从实物供应逐步转向受价值规律调节为主的计价供应、由气象技术装备的经验管理向综合管理转变以来,省局先后制定了相应的供应管理办法,规定了供应管理的作业程序,加强了装备供应的计划性.各地、各单位根据年度计划、配备标准、消耗     

关于开展专业有偿气象服务的两点设想

由于我国经济面临滞胀的危胁,因此,国家用于气象事业的投资亦呈紧缩之势。经费收支失衡已使近几年我省气象部门创收的积累所剩无几。在这种经济形势下,气象部门要正常运转以至再发展,就必须认真深化改革,积极探索新的发展途径。关于我省专业有偿气象服务工作的现状与发展,孙海鹰局长代表省局已在“陕西气象事业冉发展的若干思考”中做了较为深入翔实的分析。这些意见很值得全省气象职工认真深入的进行思考。目前严峻的经济形势对有偿专业气象服务工作的发展提出了新     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.