Olgite矿物的合成、发光性能和结构特征

以Na2CO3, BaCO3, SrCO3, NH4H2PO4和Eu2O3为原料,利用高温固相反应法合成了Eu3+离子掺杂的磷锶钡钠石(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr)2Na(PO4)2粉末样品.用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(FT-Raman)和扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对其物相组成、结构和晶体形貌进行了表征.探讨了不同晶体结构中Sr/Ba比对晶体结构和发光性能的影响.实验通过对Eu3+的发光特点的表征和研究,分别测试了Eu3+离子的室温激发光谱和发射光谱.研究结果表明:(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr)2Na(PO4)2属简单六方晶系,所有的振动均来自PO43-阴离子团,Eu3+占据非反演中心的格位,该材料中阳离子位置具有高度扰动性的特点.     

Batisite,Na2BaTi2(Si4O12)O2, from Inagli massif,Aldan, Russia: crystal-structure refinement and high-temperature X-ray diffraction study

Mineralogy and Petrology - The crystal structure of batisite, Na2BaTi2 (Si4O12)O2, from the Inagli massif (Aldan, Yakutia, Russia) was refined to R 1 = 0.032 for 1449 unique...     

峨眉山地区大气漂尘化学组成研究

为了揭示峨眉山大气漂尘的化学特征，研究小组分别在1998，1999，2000年使用小型大气采样器进行采样，并测得样品中含有水溶性化学成分（Na^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 ,SO4^2-,NO3^-,NH4^ 和Cl^-)和酸溶性化学成分（Pb和Zn)。这一地区三年的大气成分与1990年的相似，而且峨眉山的Na^ ,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO3^-,Ca^2 ,NH4^ ，Pb和Zn浓度分别比日本山形县鹤岗的要高出4－15，3－19，3－5，3－6，13－23，4－7，11－28和10－23倍之多。     

湖南骑田岭芙蓉锡多金属矿田锡的赋存状态及迁移形式

芙蓉矿田锡矿床按成因可分为构造蚀变带-矽卡岩复合型、构造蚀变带型、蚀变岩体型、矽卡岩型、脉状云英岩型等五种类型。各类型矿体中锡主要以锡石锡的形式出现,其分布率由92.17~97.77%,硫化锡、胶态锡、硅酸锡的分布率<8%。锡元素在钠长石化成矿作用阶段,很可能是以氧的络阴离子SnO33-、氢氧络阴离子〔Sn(OH)6〕2-的形式迁移;在云英岩化成矿作用阶段,主要以氟的络合物,如Na2SnF6,Na2〔Sn(OH、F)6,〕SnF4,K2SnF6等形式搬运;到了绿泥石化锡石硫化物阶段,锡又以硫化锡酸盐、硫化物(Na2SnS3,SnS2,SnS)和氯的络合物(Na2SnC l6)、氟的络合物等形式进行迁移和搬运。     

罗布泊AK1孔沉积物地球化学组成与古气候

通过对罗布泊东部阿奇克谷地中部AK1孔沉积物中易溶盐组分及氧化物特征的研究,综合沉积序列及岩性变化特征,初步分析了罗布泊阿奇克谷地晚第三纪以来的沉积环境及古气候演化。结果表明,阿奇克谷地第三纪晚期即开始出现成化湖泊沉积,易溶盐以SO2-^4、Cl^-、Na^ 为主,各离子含量最高;第四纪以来沉积环境与古气候均有明显变化,早更新世气候以干冷为主,中更新世易溶盐组分中各离子浓度明显降低,以Cl^-降低最显著,气候转为温湿;中更新世晚期气候湿润,湖相沉积范围扩大,为罗布泊湖的一次大发展期;晚更新世以来湖泊环境波     

Compositions and phase relations of calcic amphiboles in epidote- and clinopyroxene-bearing rocks of the amphibolite and lower granulite facies,central Massachusetts,USA

Calcic amphiboles coexisting with epidotegroup minerals (zoisite, clinozoisite, epidote) and/or clinopyroxene±plagioclase±quartz±garnet occur in amphibolites and calc-silicate rocks that underwent amphibolite to lower granulite-facies metamorphism in the Acadian metamorphic high of central Massachusetts, USA. Across the region, peak metamorphic conditions range from about 580° C and 6.2 kbar to 730° C and 6.3 kbar. The coexistence of most Ca-amphiboles with Fe³⁺-rich epidote-group minerals suggests the presence of Fe³⁺ in most of these amphiboles. An empirical Fe³⁺ estimation for the microprobe analyses is based on two constraints: the Na?Ca content of the M4 sites of Ca-saturated, gravimetrically analyzed hornblendes gives the relation: Ca(M4) ^c =-1.479 Na(M4) ^c +2 (c=corrected). The second constraint is the stoichiometric equation Ca(M4)+Na(M4)+FM=15, where FM is the sum of all cations exclusive of Ca, Na, and K. Solving the two equations simultaneously gives: 20.185=0.479 Ca(M4)+1.479 ΣFM. Starting with the uncorrected values of Ca(M4) ^u and ΣFM(M4) ^u (u = uncorrected) of the all ferrous formula, the normalization factor NF for calculating the corrected cations of the ferric formulas is: 20.185/(0.478 Ca(M4) ^u +1.479 ΣFM ^u ). From the deficient oxygen the Fe³⁺ content which is equal to 2(23-ΣOX) can be calculated. Determinations of Fe³⁺ contents of four hornblende separates by Mössbauer spectroscopy are in agreement with the calculated values. The Ca-amphiboles show systematic changes in composition with increasing grade of metamorphism within the amphibolite and lower granulite-facies zones: increasing edenite and tschermakite substitution, increasing Ti content, and increasing Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg) ratio. In addition, the coexisting clinopyroxenes are also characterized by an increase in Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg) ratio. In quartz-free rocks with coexisting Ca-amphibole and plagioclase there is an increase in the ratio X _Ab/X _Ed, where X _Ab=Na/(Na+Ca) in plagioclase and X _Ed=Na in the amphibole A-site. These chemical changes in mineral composition together with the disappearance of epidote at the transition to granulite-facies metamorphic conditions are attributed to the continuous reaction: albite+epidote+Fe-Mg hornblende→Fe?Mg clinopyroxene+anorthite+(NaAlSi_-1)^Hbl+H₂O.     

Water soluble components of PM_(10) in Chongqing, China

1Introduction Particleswithanaerodynamicdiameterof< 10μmarerecognizedasinhalabaleparticlesandhave beenfoundtobewidelyassociatedwithhealthprob lems(Chapmanetal.,1997).Theywouldalsoinflu enceclimateandvisibilitythroughanumberofimpor tantatmosphericprocesses(Horvath,1993). Rapiddevelopmentofurbanconstructionandrap idgrowthofpopulationhaveexacerbatedChongqing’s pollution.Althoughsulfurdioxidehasbeenreducedby morethan60%incontrasttothevaluein1991,the concentrationsofparticulatematterarestil…     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a triple chain silicate,Na2Mg4Si6O16(OH)2

In the system Na₂CO₃-MgO-SiO₂-H₂O a new sodium magnesium silicate was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions; 450–600 ° C and 300–1000 Kg/cm₂. The structure of the specimen was determined by X-ray powder methods, and its properties were studied by chemical, infrared and TG analyses. The specimen has a triple chain structure (space group, C2/c) with the ideal chemical composition, 4 (Na₂Mg₄Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂) and lattice parameters, a= 10.152(2), b=27.137(4), c=5.276(1) Å, and = 106.97(3) °.The essential feature of the structure is shown by the presence of SiO₄ tetrahedra linked to form chains which have three times the width of those in pyroxene. These triple chains have a periodicity, 5.27 Å, along their lengths, and are bonded to each other laterally by the brucite layer made up by eight Mg cations and sandwiched between two inward pointing bands of tetrahedra. These units are linked back to back by cations (Mg or Na) in the Na(2) site and by a large cation (Na) at the Na(1) site.     

Geochemical and quality assessment of groundwater of Marand Basin, East Azarbaijan Province, northwestern Iran

The chemical analysis of 83 water wells in the Marand area, Azarbaijan Province NW of Iran was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are Ca? +?Mg?+?SO₄?+?Cl, Ca?+?SO₄, Na?+?Cl and Ca?+?Mg?+?HCO₃. Based on the total hardness, the softness of the groundwater is determined. According to electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most dominant classes are C3?CS1, C3?CS2, C4?CS2 and C2?CS1. The major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is medium to high, but the Na hazard is low to medium; with regard to irrigation water, the quality is low to medium. So, a drainage system is necessary to avoid the increase of toxic salt concentrations.     

Na,K, P and Ti in garnet,pyroxene and olivine from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from African kimberlites

Electron microprobe analyses sensitive to 20ppmw (2σ) were made for Na, P, K and Ti in garnet, pyroxenes and olivine from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from African kimberlites and volcanic rocks in Tanzania. Average concentrations (ppmw) in peridotite (mostly garnet lherzolite) are: Na₂O gt 340 ol 90 opx 1070 cpx 2.1 (wt.%); P₂O₅ gt 460 ol 130 opx 50 cpx 350; K₂O gt <20 ol <20 opx 30 cpx 170; TiO₂ gt 1470 ol 130 opx 480 cpx 1630. For eclogites and a cpx megacryst with gt inclusions: Na₂O gt 610 cpx 4.3 (wt.%); P₂O₅ gt 530 cpx 300; K₂O gt <20 cpx 370; TiO₂ gt 1990 cpx 1980.In garnet, Na can be explained by coupled substitution with P and Ti, and there is no need to invoke six-coordinated silicon. The Na distribution between garnet and clinopyroxene correlates with the Fe/Mg distribution for both eclogites and peridotites, and for the peridotites correlates with estimates of pressure and temperature from pyroxene composition. When calibrated experimentally, the Na distribution may be a useful indicator of physical conditions at depths for which the Fe/Mg distribution is insensitive; furthermore the Na distribution may be less sensitive to oxidation state.     

Hydrogeochemistry of the Winder River and adjoining tributaries, Balochistan, Pakistan

Quantitative estimation of ground and stream waters draining through sedimentary rocks of the Pab and Mor ranges (Jurassic-Cretaceous) and the Bela ophiolite has been made. The degree of correspondence among cations and anions has been estimated in order to evaluate their mutual relationships. The abundance of major ions is interpreted to be related to bedrocks and climatic conditions, which may contribute to the genetic affiliation. The log TDS and Na/Na Ca ratio reflected supremacy of weathering of rocks with some influence of evaporation. Ionic relationship is exhibited in the form of Stiff diagrams. Patterns of ionic composition revealed high NaCl, medium Ca(HCO3)2 and low MgSO4. Piper diagram has been used to classify the hydrofacies. The important hydrogeochemical parameters have been estimated for assessment of groundwater quality for domestic purposes in accordance to WHO. Irrigation water qualities have been evaluated in terms of EC, SAR, RSC, ESP and pH.     

Chemical anomalies of lunar plagioclase,described by substitution vectors and their relation to optical and structural properties

Lunar plagioclase posed an enigma because optical properties indicate slow cooling while structural properties suggest rapid quenching when compared directly to terrestrial plagioclase. If, however, the An-content is inferred from the Al/Si ratio rather than from the Ca/Na ratio, lunar plagioclase corresponds more closely to normal volcanic plagioclase. The differences between An=4(Al/(Al+Si))-1 and An=Ca/(Ca+Na+K) is caused by substitutions which appear so far to be unique to lunar feldspars. A vector representation of chemical composition makes it possible to single out several substitutions which account for the chemical peculiarities of lunar plagioclase. It permits to assign sites in the structure to various minor elements simply from the chemical analysis without having to rely on sophisticated spectroscopic techniques or an X-ray structure determination. 1. The deficiency in Al+Si (up to 0.06 per formula unit) is compensated for by Fe, Mg, and small amounts of Na or Ca occupying tetrahedral sites. The Ca/Na ratio is increased accordingly to balance the electric charge. This substitution accounts for most of the differences. 2. The vacancycoupled substitution Ca+□ → 2 Na (Weill et al., 1970) is another cause for the increased Ca/Na ratio. 3. The amount of alkali evaporation from plagioclase, if it occurred, is probably small. These unusual substitutions are an expression of special conditions on the moon during the crystallization of plagioclase. Crystallization at high temperatures, rapid cooling, and peculiar magma composition seem to be important factors, but experimental work and detailed study of terrestrial volcanic plagioclase are necessary to interpret the chemical composition quantitatively.     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床成矿流体特征及演化

对安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床内矽卡岩矿物、石英、方解石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学和显微测温分析、群体包裹体气液相成分分析、单个包裹体气液相成分激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体的特征及演化。研究表明,该矿床与燕山期岩浆热液有关的成矿流体,从早期矽卡岩阶段,经中期石英硫化物阶段,至晚期石英方解石阶段,是从高温、高盐度、富钾流体演化至中高温、中高盐度、富CO2(CH4)流体再至中低温、低盐度流体。成矿流体中的主要挥发分为H2O、CO2、CH4,并含少量C2H6、H2S、N2等,液相成分中的阳离子以Na 、K 为主,有少量Ca2 、Mg2 等,阴离子除Cl-外,SO42-的含量也较高。     

Francolite geochemistry—compositional controls during formation,diagenesis, metamorphism and weathering

Francolite in unaltered Tertiary phosphorites is highly substituted with about 1.2% Na, 0.25% Sr, 0.36% Mg and 2.7% SO₄ within the structure in substitution for Ca and PO₄. These substitutions reflect the composition of the solution from which francolite forms and are not influenced by the mechanism, rate or redox conditions of formation. The remarkably constant composition for a wide range of samples reflects the relative constant composition of sea water, during Tertiary times. Francolite in sulphate-reducing sediments forms in an uppermost zone where bioturbation maintains the concentrations of Na, Sr, Mg and SO₄ at sea water concentrations. The structura-CO₂ content of unaltered francolites vary from 1.4% to 6.3%, in response to variations in pH. The maximum level of carbonate substitution is limited by the disruption of the francolite structure at levels above 6.3% CO₂. For the samples considered here F/P₂O₅ ratios vary with X-ray CO₂ contents showing that PO₄^3? is replaced by (CO₃^2? + F?) and not by CO₃^2? alone. In Phosphoria Formation francolite the Na/P₂O₅ ratios and X-ray CO₂ contents show areal trends related to burial depth and thermal metamorphism. These two processes together with weathering and fresh water diageneses explain all observed variation in francolite composition.     

冀北五凤楼煌斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

燕山地区中生代花岗岩类侵入体中发育煌斑岩,呈脉状产于冀北寿王坟—五凤楼一带,岩石类型主要为云煌岩。岩石化学属基性,富钠,富碱,高Mg#,高钛,属高钛、钠质钙碱性煌斑岩。岩石中富集LREE、Ba等大离子亲石元素和P,亏损HREE和Nb、Zr、Ta等高场强元素,基本无Eu异常。其LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄为(1352±13) Ma, 侵位于早白垩世,与寿王坟杂岩体是同一时期岩浆活动的产物。五凤楼煌斑岩锆石εHf(t)值为-193~-133,模式年龄远老于其成岩年龄,表明岩浆起源于富集地幔。较高的Ba/Th值(12309~43634)和Sr值(9154×10-6~1 257×10-6),暗示源区在一定程度上受到了俯冲带流体的改造;较低的Rb/Sr值(002~011)及较高的Ba/Rb值(108~809)证明其源区含有角闪石。岩石地球化学特征显示,五凤楼煌斑岩由俯冲的古太平洋壳富钠流体交代形成的石榴石角闪二辉橄榄岩富集地幔的低程度(05％~15％)部分熔融上侵而成,起源深度为75~100 km。     

Experimental determination of the solubility of the assemblage paragonite,albite, and quartz in supercritical H2O

The concentrations of Na, Al, and Si in an aqueous fluid in equilibrium with natural albite, paragonite, and quartz have been measured between 350°C and 500°C and 1 to 2.5 kbar. Si is the dominant solute in solution and is near values reported for quartz solubility in pure H₂O. At 1 kbar the concentrations of Na and Al remain fairly constant from 350°C to 425°C but then decrease at 450°C. At 2 kbar, Na increases slightly with increasing temperature while Al remains nearly constant. Concentrations of Si, Na, and Al all increase with increasing pressure at constant temperature.The molality of Al is close to that of Na and is nearly a log unit greater than calculated molalities assuming Al(OH)⁰₃ is the dominant Al species. This indicates a Na-Al complex is the dominant Al species in solution as shown by Anderson and Burnham (1983) at higher temperature and pressure. The complex can be written as NaAl(OH)⁰₄ ± nSiO₂ where n is the number of Si atoms in the complex. The value of n is not well constrained but appears to be less than or equal to 3.The results indicate Al can be readily transported in pure H₂O solutions at temperatures and pressures as low as 350°C and 1 kbar.     

陕西省凤县温江寺金矿地质地球化学特征及找矿

温江寺金矿是西秦岭东部地区三叠纪地层中新发现的一个金矿。容矿地层主要是钙质板岩和含炭钙质板岩。矿(化)体呈透镜状、扁豆状分布于钙质板岩和炭质板岩中。区内成矿元素为Au、As、Sb、Hg、Pb、Zn等低温蚀变组合,地质特征显示出微细浸染型金矿特征。各类岩(矿)石的地球化学分析表明,从矿石到泥质板岩再到花岗岩脉,Al2O3和K2O+Na2O含量逐渐升高,而CaO含量、K2O/Na2O具降低趋势;矿石中As、Bi、Co、Ni、Cu、W、V、Tu、U等微量元素含量和ΣREE、LREE/HREE、稀土配分模式与容矿地层相近,而与花岗岩脉不同。地球化学特征显示,温江寺金矿成矿物质主要来源于容矿地层,与岩浆活动关系不密切。该金矿的发现,使得西秦岭三叠系沉积建造中金矿找矿有进一步向东延伸的可能。     

Assessment of hydrogeochemistry and contamination of Varamin deep aquifer,Tehran Province,Iran

The present study investigates the hydrogeochemistry and contamination of Varamin deep aquifer located in the southeast of Tehran province, Iran. The study also evaluates groundwater suitability for irrigation uses. The hydrogeochemical study was conducted by collecting and analyzing 154 groundwater samples seasonally during 2014. Based on evolutionary sequence of Chebotarev, the aquifer is in the stage of SO₄ + HCO₃ in the north half of the plain and it has evolved into SO₄ + Cl in the south half. The unusual increase in TDS and Cl^? toward the western boundaries of the aquifer indicates some anomalies. These anomalies have originated from discharge of untreated wastewater of Tehran city in these areas. The studied aquifer contains four dominant groundwater types including Na–Ca–SO₄ (55%), Na–Ca–HCO₃ (22%), Na–Cl (13%) and Ca–Cl (10%). The spatial distributions of Na–Cl and Ca–Cl water types coincide with observed anomalies. Ionic relationships of SO₄ ^2? versus Cl^? and Na⁺ versus Cl^? confirm that water–rock interaction and anthropogenic contribution are main sources of these ions in the groundwater. The main processes governing the chemistry of the groundwater are the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum along the flow path, and direct ion exchange. Reverse ion exchange controls the groundwater chemistry in the areas contaminated with untreated wastewater. Based on Na% and SAR, 10.3 and 27% of water samples are unsuitable for irrigation purposes, respectively. Regarding residual sodium carbonate, there is no treat for crop yields. Only 6% of water samples represent magnesium adsorption ratios more than 50% which are harmful and unsuitable for irrigation.     

我国邯邢地区黑铝钙石的发现及其研究

黑铝钙石是一种罕见矿物，在邯邢地区镁铝夕卡岩中，发现一种呈六方片状、黄色半透明的黑铝钙石晶体。本文对该晶体进行了粉晶Ｘ射线、四元衍射、电子探针和红外光谱测量，并认为黑铝钙石是镁铝夕卡岩早期阶段的产物，处在一种富铝、贫硅的地球化学环境和高温条件     

湖南石门雄黄矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

石门超大型雄黄矿床流体包裹体丰富。包裹体液相成分中富Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－和Ｋ＋、ＳＯ２－４，气相成分中Ｈ２Ｏ占绝对优势，少量ＣＯ２，成矿流体化学类型属Ｃｌ ＳＯ４ Ｎａ Ｋ型水。雄黄、雌黄形成于低温（１８０～９０℃）、低压（２０～５ＭＰａ）、浅成（１７５～７００ｍ）、弱酸性（ｐＨ：４．６７、４．４３）和弱还原（Ｅｈ：－０．２６５Ｖ）条件。流体包裹体氢氧同位素研究表明，成矿流体主要为古大气降水，并混有盆地建造水，大气降水下渗、循环、加热、淋滤形成了中－低盐度［ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）：１６．０３％～４．２７％］，中等密度（０．８６３～１．０６５ｇ／ｃｍ３），含矿地下热水。