西南天山柯坪推覆构造柯坪塔格山前逆断裂东段晚第四纪的古地震

柯坪推覆构造系是西南天山前陆推覆构造的重要组成部分。文中试图通过对柯坪推覆构造区的影像解译和野外观察、断错地貌的实测和探槽开挖,探讨柯坪塔格山前断裂东段晚第四纪以来的古地震活动。在三岔口以西的五道班—三间房一带和三岔口以东的大山口道班一带,除现代洪积扇外,明显可见2期保存较完整的洪积扇被断错。五道班—三间房地段的3个探槽揭露出了晚更新世末期以来该破裂段发生的4次事件,其参考年代为:距今22、14、6·5和4·4ka;重复间隔时间约为:8、7和2ka左右。间隔时间长的事件垂直位移量约1~1·2m,缩短量约1·3~1·4m;间隔时间短的事件,垂直位移量0·20~0·30m,缩短量0·6~0·7m。大山口道班段探槽揭露出了晚更新世末期以来的2次事件,分别发生在稍早于距今13ka和稍晚于距今6ka。重复间隔时间约7ka。同震垂直位移量约50cm,缩短量130cm左右     

西南天山东柯坪推覆系古地震初步研究

西南天山柯坪推覆系发育多排逆断裂-褶皱带,各排逆断裂-褶皱带的变形速率并不一致,古地震发生规律也可能具有不同特点.自汶川地震造成龙门山中央和前山两条断裂同时活动之后,对于如何判断多条逆断裂级联破裂的逆断裂古地震事件,是一个值得讨论的问题.文中通过对东柯坪塔格和萨尔干塔格两排逆断裂-褶皱带山前多期地貌面(冲洪积扇面)上发...     

柯坪塔格断裂带重复地震识别及其时空特征分析

根据互相关系数不小于0.8的波形互相关意义上重复地震的定义, 利用国家数字地震台网中的乌什和巴楚台记录的区域地震波形数据, 识别并研究了新疆柯坪塔格断裂带及其周缘的板内重复地震. 对所有相互距离不超过30 km的地震事件的垂直分量采用0.5—5.0 Hz带通滤波后进行波形互相关计算. 其中乌什台共识别出460例重复地震, 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共171组, 占总事件数的15.5%; 巴楚台共识别出822例重复地震, 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共298组, 占总事件数的21.2%. 对重复地震的分析表明, 台站分布的不同和波形事件记录质量的差异, 是造成两个台站识别出的“重复地震”数目和比例不同的原因. 对重复地震复发的时间间隔统计表明, 重复间隔从数分钟到数百天不等, 最长重复间隔达10年.     

包代河断裂古地震初步研究

包代河断裂是 1 954年山丹 7 级地震的主破裂带 ,为右旋正倾滑断裂 ,长约 4 .5km .经开挖探槽在该断裂上揭露出三次古地震事件 ,分别发生在距今约 31 2 0± 2 50a后 ;2 50 0± 1 90a左右 ;2 1 50± 1 70a之后 ,古地震重复间隔约 350～ 70 0年 .     

柯坪塔格断裂带重复地震识别及其时空特征分析

根据互相关系数不小于0.8的波形互相关意义上重复地震的定义,利用国家数字地震台网中的乌什和巴楚台记录的区域地震波形数据,识别并研究了新疆柯坪塔格断裂带及其周缘的板内重复地震.对所有相互距离不超过30 km的地震事件的垂直分量采用0.5-5.0 Hz带通滤波后进行波形互相关计算.其中乌什台共识别出460例重复地震,组成重复地震对和多重地震对共171组,占总事件数的15.5％;巴楚台共识别出822例重复地震,组成重复地震对和多重地震对共298组,占总事件数的21.2％00.对重复地震的分析表明,台站分布的不同和波形事件记录质量的差异,是造成两个台站识别出的“重复地震”数目和比例不同的原因.对重复地震复发的时间间隔统计表明,重复间隔从数分钟到数百天不等,最长重复间隔达10年.     

西南天山柯坪推覆系晚更新世古地震及其分段性地貌响应

正以往的古地震研究主要以单条断层或者某一断层段落为研究对象,研究它的复发和破裂规律。其中蕴含一个潜在假设:各个断层或断层段落之间相对独立。但是近年来越来越多的大地震研究结果表明,相邻的断层,各个断层段落以及同一块体的边界断层之间有着一定的相关性。一些学者研究单条走滑断层的破裂行为,如在海原断裂带上,多个地点探槽开挖以及历史地震资料通过逐次限定方法,揭示出海原断裂带3个段落地震破裂行为具有一定的响     

月亮山东麓断裂古地震活动的初步研究

月亮山东麓断裂位于海原断裂带的东段。1920年海原大地震时该断裂也发生了破裂。对该段断裂的古地震活动特征的初步研究表明，全新世以来，月亮山东断裂可能发生过5次破裂事件，主要分布在全新世的早期和末期。海原断裂带具有分段破裂的特征，因此需要对照整个断裂带的古地震活动特征，才能确定月亮山东断裂是一个独立的破裂单元还是其他段落破裂的影响段。     

2020年MW6.0柯坪塔格地震的变形特征及其对周边地震危险性的启示

塔里木盆地基底与天山造山带之间的持续挤压会聚,不仅造就了天山不断隆升的山体,也导致了遍布整个造山带的破坏性地震,而位于其山体两侧盆山交接区域的破坏性地震更是严重威胁着沿线居民和基础设施的安全.文中以2020年MW 6.0柯坪塔格地震为切入点,获取了该地震的InSAR同震形变场,并基于强震台加速度记录经双重积分得到了位移...     

东昆仑断裂带东段玛曲断裂古地震初步研究

东昆仑活动断裂是青藏高原东北部一条重要的NWW向边界断裂。玛曲断裂位于东昆仑断裂带的最东段。本文通过3个古地震剖面揭示出东昆仑断裂东段玛曲断裂全新世共有4次古地震事件。最新一次古地震事件为距今(1730±50)～(1802±52)a,第二次古地震的时间为距今(3736±57)～(4641±60)a;第三次为距今(8590±70)a;第四次为距今(12200±1700)a。其中第一次和第二次古地震事件的时间较为可靠,两次古地震事件之间的复发间隔为2400a左右,由此认为东昆仑断裂带东段的古震事件之间的复发间隔为2400a左右,古地震的离逝时间为距今(1730±50)～(1802±52)a。     

博洛科努断裂西北段古地震形变带初步研究

介绍了博洛科努断裂西北段阿拉山口至精河县城以南的古地震形变带的几何特征、形变方式和变形幅度,并讨论了最后一次地震事件的震级。认为该形变带为右旋走滑性质,最后一次地震事件的水平位移可能为２．５ ｍ ,垂直位移为０．９～１．８ ｍ ,震级估计为７．５～７．８ 级     

STUDY ON PALEOEARTHQUAKES ALONG THE JINGHE SECTION OF BOLOKENU-AQIKEKUDUKE FAULT

The Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk fault zone(B-A Fault)is a 1 000km long right-lateral strike-slip active fault in the Tianshan Mountains. Its late Quaternary activity characteristics are helpful to understand the role of active strike-slip faults in regional compressional strain distribution and orogenic processes in the continental compression environment, as well as seismic hazard assessment. In this paper, research on the paleoearthquakes is carried out by remote sensing image interpretation, field investigation, trench excavation and Quaternary dating in the Jinghe section of B-A Fault. In this paper, two trenches were excavated on in the pluvial fans of Fan2b in the bulge and Fan3a in the fault scarp. The markers such as different strata, cracks and colluvial wedges in the trenches are identified and the age of sedimentation is determined by means of OSL dating for different strata. Four most recent paleoearthquakes on the B-A Fault are revealed in trench TC1 and three most recent paleoearthquakes are revealed in trench TC2. Only the latest event was constrained by the OSL age among the three events revealed in the trench TC2. Therefore, when establishing the recurrence of the paleoearthquakes, we mainly rely on the paleoearthquake events in trench TC1, which are labeled E1-E4 from oldest to youngest, and their dates are constrained to the following time ranges: E1(19.4±2.5)~(19.0±2.5)ka BP, E2(18.6±1.4)~(17.3±1.4)ka BP, E3(12.2±1.2)~(6.6±0.8)ka BP, and E4 6.9~6.2ka BP, respectively. The earthquake recurrence intervals are(1.2±0.5)ka, (8.7±3.0)ka and(2.8±3)ka, respectively. According to the sedimentation rate of the stratum, it can be judged that there is a sedimentary discontinuity between the paleoearthquakes E2 and E3, and the paleoearthquake events between E2 and E3 may not be recorded by the stratum. Ignoring the sedimentary discontinuous strata and the earthquakes occurring during the sedimentary discontinuity, the earthquake recurrence interval of the Jinghe section of B-A Fault is ~1~3ka. This is consistent with the earthquake recurrence interval(~2ka)calculated from the slip rate and the minimum displacement. The elapsed time of the latest paleoearthquake recorded in the trench is ~6.9~6.2ka BP. The magnitude of the latest event defined by the single event displacement on the fault is ~M_W7.4, and a longer earthquake elapsed time indicates the higher seismic risk of the B-A Fault.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE MIDDLE-EASTERN SEGMENT OF JINTA NANSHAN FAULT

Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this area. Numerous strong earthquakes occurred in history and nowadays. Jinta Nanshan fault is one of the boundary faults between the Qinghai-Tibet block and the Alxa block. The fault starts from the northwest of Wutongdun in the west, passes through Changshan, Yuanyangchi reservoir, Dakouzi, and ends in the east of Hongdun. Because the Jinta Nanshan fault is a new active fault in this region, it is important to ascertain its paleoearthquakes since late Pleistocene for the earthquake risk study. Previous studies were carried out on the western part, such as field geomorphic investigation and trench excavation, which shows strong activity in Holocene on the western segment of Jinta Nanshan fault. On the basis of the above research, in this paper, we carried out satellite image interpretation, detailed investigation of faulted landforms and differential GPS survey for the whole fault. Focusing on the middle-eastern part, we studied paleoearthquakes through trench exploration on the Holocene alluvial fan and optical luminescence dating. The main results are as follows:Early Pleistocene to late Pleistocene alluvial strata are widely developed along the fault and Holocene sediment is only about tens of centimeters thick. The Jinta Nanshan fault shows long-lasting activity since late Quaternary and reveals tens of centimeters of the lowest scarp which illustrates new strong activity on the middle-east segment of this fault. Since late Pleistocene, 4 paleoearthquakes happened respectively before(15.16±1.29) ka, before(9.9±0.5) ka, about 6ka and after(3.5±0.4) ka, revealed by 4 trenches, of which 2 are laid on relatively thicker Holocene alluvial fan. Two events occurred since middle Holocene, and both ruptured the whole fault.     

LATE QUATERNARY PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE MIDDLE SEGMENT OF THE LIJIANG-XIAOJINHE FAULT,SOUTHEASTERN TIBET

More attention has been paid to the late Quaternary activity of the boundary fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in eastern Tibet. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault (LXF) locates along the boundary of the northwest Sichuan and central Yunnan sub-blocks in the Sichuan-Yunnan block. Clear displaced landforms show that the fault has undergone strong late-Quaternary activity. However there is no surface-rupturing earthquake occurring on the LXF in the historical record. The LXF crosses the city of Lijiang, one of the most important tourist cities in Southwest China. The rupture behavior on this fault remains unclear and it is hard to assess its seismic hazard in the future. In this study, on the base of the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, we chose the middle segment of the LXF and dug three trenches at Muzhuda, Hongxing, and Gantangzi sites to constrain the ages of paleoearthquakes combined with radiocarbon dating and OxCal modeling. The Muzhuda trench shows that at least three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF at 7 940~6 540a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~420a BP, respectively. The Hongxing trench indicates that the LXF underwent two events at 5 120~3 200a BP and 2 100~1 220a BP. The Gantangzi trench reveals at least three paleoearthquakes at 44 980~17 660a BP, 7 210~3 810a BP and 2 540~1 540a BP, respectively. The events in the Gantangzi trench might be incomplete because of stratigraphic gap. These three trenches indicate that three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF in the Holocene at 7 940~7 210a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~1 540a BP, respectively. Large earthquakes on the middle segment of the LXF appear to fit the quasi-periodic model with the mean recurrence interval of~3 000a and the estimated magnitude 7.5. Given the strong late-Quaternary activity of the middle segment of the LXF and a long elapsed time, we propose that the middle segment of the LXF might have a high seismic hazard potential in the near future.     

STUDY ON PALEOEARTHQUKES ALONG THE FODONGMIAO-HONGYAZI FAULT,GANSU PROVINCE

The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault is a Holocene active thrust fault, belonging to the middle segment of northern Qilianshan overthrust fault zone, located in the northeastern edge of the Tibet plateau. The Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD occurred on it. A few paleo-seismology studies were carried out on this fault zone. It was considered that four paleoearthquakes occurred on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault between(6.3±0.6) ka BP and(7.4±0.4) ka BP, in(4.3±0.3) ka BP, in(2.1±0.1) ka BP and in 1609 AD. The occurrences of the earthquakes suggested the quasi-periodic characteristic with a quasi-periodic recurrence interval between 1 600~2 500a(Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, State Seismological Bureau. 1993; Liu et al., 2014). There was no direct evidence for the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD from trench research in the previous studies. Great uncertainty exists because of the small number of the chronology data, as a few TL and OSL measurement data and several¹⁴ C data, and it was insufficient to deduce the exact recurrence interval for the paleoearthquakes. Five trenches were excavated and cleared up respectively in the eastern segment, middle segment and western segment along the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault. After detail study on the trench profiles, the sedimentary characteristics, sequence relationship of the stratigraphical units, and fault-cuts in different stratigraphical units were revealed in these five trenches. Four paleoearthquakes in Holocene were distinguished from the five trenches, and geology evidences of the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD were also found. More accurate constraint of the occurring time of the paleo-earthquakes since Holocene on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault is provided by the progressive constraining method(Mao and Zhang, 1995), according to amounts of ¹⁴ C measurement data and OLS measurement data of the chronology samples from different stratigraphical units in the trenches. The first paleoevent, E4 occurred 10.6ka BP. The next event, E3 occurred about 7.1ka BP. The E2 occurred about 3.4ka BP. The last event, E1 is the Hongyapu M7(1/4) earthquake in 1609 AD. Abounds of proofs for the occurrences of the events of E1, E2 and E3 were found in the trench Tc1, trench Tc2, trench Tc4 and trench Tc3, located in the eastern, middle and western segments of the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault accordingly. It's considered that the events E1, E2 and E3 may cause whole segment rupturing according to the proofs for these three events found together in individual trenches. The event E4 was only found in the trench Tc5 profile in the west of the Xiaoquan village in the eastern segment of the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault. The earthquake rupture characteristics of this event can't be revealed before more detailed subsequent research. The time intervals among the four paleoearthquakes are ca 3.5ka, ca 3.7ka, and ca 3.0ka. The four events are characterized by ca 3.4ka quasi-periodic recurrence interval.     

四会－吴川断裂南段近期活动性研究

根据研究区的构造地貌特征，断裂两盘第四系和等时地貌面的对比以及其它宏观和微观的断裂构造迹象，讨论了四会－吴川断裂南段晚更新世以来的活动性，得出该时段、该断裂在该地区相对稳定的基本认识     

阿尔金断裂带中段的古地震研究

阿尔金断裂带是中国西部最著名的巨型活动深大断裂带,它构成了青藏高原的西北边界,总体呈北70~0—80~0东向展布,绵延1600余公里,影响到地壳深部,在中国西部大地构造演化中占有重要地位。由青海西北角的茫崖镇往东,沿青新界山经索尔库里、拉配泉至当金山口长达400余公里的范围,属该断裂带的中段。沿带形成的断层谷、断层崖、三角面、陡坎以及切错第三系和第四系的情形比比皆是,表明断裂带新生代以来有十分强烈的活动性。阿尔金断裂带中段全新世以来的活动非常明显,沿带发育有由大地震造成的地震鼓包、凹坑、沟槽、陡坎、断错冲沟水系和崩塌等古地震形变现象,分布十分广泛,类型众多齐全。通过1986——1987年两年详细的野外地震地质考察,确定有6次7级以上古地震事件和5条保存较好的地震破裂形变带,表明阿尔金断裂带全新世以来,具有以左旋走滑运动占主导的强烈活动的特点。     

渭河断裂带古地震研究

史料记载和涵洞路槽开挖表明,在距今9110a以来渭河断裂带窑店—张家湾段曾发生1次历史地震、3次古地震事件。其中历史地震即第Ⅳ期地震的发震时间在公元1487—1568年之间;事件Ⅰ为距今(9110±90)a,事件Ⅱ和事件Ⅲ距今时间不详。第Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期地震事件的同震垂直位移量分别为0.5,0.5,0.2m。涵洞路槽开挖也表明,渭河断裂窑店—张家湾段为全新世活动断裂     

中卫—同心断裂带西段晚第四纪以来的活动性

中卫—同心断裂带西段位于宁夏中卫县甘塘附近,在近期的某重大工程场地的区域地震地质野外调查中,经过断层陡坎和断错冲沟等微地貌测量、槽探揭露、年代样品的采集和测定,获得了断层最新活动时代、活动方式、垂直和水平位移量等资料,表明了它在晚第四纪以来的活动特征。