Ecological criteria, participant preferences and location models: A GIS approach toward ATV trail planning

This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based method for recreational trail location for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) which considers environmental factors, as well as rider preferences for trail attributes. The method utilizes the Least-Cost Path algorithm within a GIS framework to optimize trail location. The trail location algorithm considered trail impacts and benefits associated with water bodies, slope, land ownership, noise, trail separation, views, and rider preferences for vegetation types and loop trails. Alternative trails were generated to highlight the influence of different preferences for trail attributes and to demonstrate the capabilities of the Least-Cost Path algorithm as applied to trail location. The method shows promise for use in generating ATV trails, as well as other types of recreational trails, for consideration in recreational planning and analysis.     

Residents’ Perception of the Recreational Value of Forest Parks: A Case Study in Shanghai,China

Forest parks provide important recreational and tourism bene?ts to residents, so it is essential to know what residents’ perceptions are regarding the recreational value of forest parks for participatory forest planning and management. This study investigated forest park recreational value in the physical, psychological, and social dimensions in Shanghai according to questionnaires completed by 658 respondents, and examined the relationships between recreational value and residents’ social variables by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The results show the following: 1) The recreational value of forest parks is perceived as most important in the psychological dimension, while in the social dimension it is appreciated the least. 2) In terms of the differences in forest park recreational value in suburbs and rural areas, the social value in rural areas had significantly higher scores than in the suburbs, and the psychological value in suburbs is much higher than that in the rural areas. 3) Regarding the social variables which characterize residents in suburbs and rural areas, females and younger groups tended to assign higher scores to recreational value than males and older groups. Moreover, citizens with low education or low income also assigned higher scores to recreational value compared to more educated or higher-income residents. The results of this study reveal the recreational value characteristics of Shanghai forest parks in the three dimensions, which can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of urban forest resources and contribute to reasonable planning and management.     

工业遗产资源游憩化利用研究及其启示

以工业遗产资源游憩化利用为导向的产业空间更新,是工业衰退区域经济社会发展体系重塑的重要模式选择。当前研究多以德国工业遗产旅游为代表的利用方式和经验总结为主,缺少针对工业遗产资源利用带来的区域经济社会发展效应的深层规律研究。从旅游地理学角度研究工业遗产游憩化利用的适宜性和开发模式,揭示工业遗产资源利用产生的人地关系重构效应以及区域人地关系优化手段,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文采用Citespace分析、文献分析、数理统计等方法,系统总结工业遗产游憩化利用的国际前沿经验,发现该研究主题至今经历了初始阶段（1995年以前）、发展阶段（1995-2005年）、提升创新阶段（2006年以来）三个阶段,研究内容从单纯的工业遗产旅游开始转向工业遗产资源游憩化利用所带来的区域人地关系演变的研究;较受关注的研究主题包括工业遗产游憩化利用的国际化比较、资源分类体系与评价、游憩利用模式、发展措施与效应等方面,总体上偏向于工业遗产资源这一特定对象的分析,仍然缺乏关于工业遗产资源游憩化利用与区域转型和协同发展之间耦合关系、过程与效应的一体化研究。基于上述分析,提出未来研究应借鉴和基于国内外已有研究成果,建立面向游憩化利用导向下的工业遗产资源分类体系,科学评价工业遗产资源价值与开发适宜性,因此制宜地开展工业遗产资源的游憩化开发利用的多类型模式研究,并总结其基本特征、区域分异规律与形成机理,分类提出优化策略和调控措施,形成该领域的理论范式框架和方法体系。     

美国休闲渔业资源空间分布与多中心治理

休闲渔业是美国最受欢迎的户外活动之一,在发展过程中为美国创造了巨大的经济和社会效益,并形成多主体参与的治理机制。文章在分析美国休闲渔业发展现状的基础上,运用最邻近指数、缓冲区分析、泰森多边形和关联维数测度,对佛罗里达州休闲渔业资源分布特征进行空间分析。结果显示,美国休闲渔业形成以淡水为主、咸水为辅的发展格局,其中佛罗里达州休闲渔业资源呈现集聚式、非均衡分布特征,80%的垂钓点位于海岸线20 km以内,各垂钓点之间形成紧密的关联作用。联邦政府、地方政府、行业组织和休闲渔业参与者之间形成的多中心治理模式,能够匹配美国休闲渔业大区域分散、小区域集聚的空间分布特征,适应参与主体多样化、需求差异化的发展需要。有鉴于此,针对中国休闲渔业存在的问题,提出应通过借鉴美国“自下而上”的多中心治理机制,建设服务型政府、行业协会灵活增权以及休闲渔业企业融合创新等措施,推动中国休闲渔业科学管理和高质量发展。     

基于滨海环境资源特点的大连旅游承载状态评价

旅游环境承载力涉及多维度属性相互制约影响,而传统方法中对于各属性间影响程度及游客偏好选择的判定则较多依赖于个体的主观感知。因此,针对处理多属性综合评价中存在的模糊性及主观性,提出基于蒙特卡罗模拟修正的模糊综合评价模型。结果表明,借助上述模糊综合评价修正模型针对大连滨海旅游环境承载力进行解释与分析,成功缓解了在模型度量与数据分析环节所出现的主观偏误缺陷,从而有效提升了大连市滨海旅游景区有关阈值综合评价体系的科学性与稳健性。评价结果表明,当前大连市滨海旅游环境承载力状态可以判定为“适载”;在影响滨海旅游环境承载力的6项要素中,游憩环境要素与气候要素的评价分数较高,最低评分数值指标为景区游客管理状态。     

Fish Processing and Associated Industries of Møre Og Romsdal County

The fishing industry forms an integral and major part of the economic structure of Møre og Romsdal County. This county has long been a stronghold of exploitation of the rich fish resources found off Norway's coast. In the postwar period Møre og Romsdal ranked first among the counties of Norway in the export of fish and fish products, second in the number of fishing boats, third in the total amount and initial value of annual landings of fish, and third in the number of fishermen. According to the 1946 census, 13 per cent of the total rural population of Møre og Romsdal was supported by men giving hunting and fishing as their occupation. In addition the population of the cities of Ålesund, Kristiansund, and Molde as well as smaller villages are to a large extent dependent upon fishing, fish processing and export, and activities closely associated with or serving various phases of the fishing industry.     

北京市绿带游憩空间分布特征及其成因

绿带是阻止城市蔓延、提高城市生态安全格局的重要手段,其游憩开发能够为大都市游憩空间紧缺提供有效的解决途径。以北京市第二道绿带为研究区,以2013年绿带内6种类型游憩空间（共448处）为研究对象,运用Kernel核密度算法等空间分析方法,从北京市绿带游憩空间的整体分布格局、规模容量特征和各类型游憩空间分布特征及成因三个层面进行分析。主要结论：① 从整体分布格局来看,北京市绿带内形成了若干游憩空间集聚区域,游憩空间结构出现“北密南疏”的整体特征;北部游憩空间集聚程度高且分布连续成带,南部游憩空间集聚程度较低且分布离散成团;北部温榆河沿岸地区游憩空间大量集聚,成为绿带游憩空间结构的主要骨架。② 从规模容量特征来看,占地规模较大的游憩空间呈集聚分布,规模较小的游憩空间呈分散分布,绿带内已形成了6个由面积规模较大的游憩空间密集分布构成的热点区。③ 绿带内6种类型游憩空间分布特征及成因表现为：绿带内的资源环境本底决定了既有吸引物游憩空间的空间特征;政策性规划引导郊野休闲公园空间分布相对均匀;重要水系与运动健身游憩空间的空间分布高度关联;主题活动游憩空间更倾向于靠近主要交通干道;会议度假游憩空间与北京市地热资源分布契合度高;民俗体验游憩空间大量分布在海淀区上庄水库周边。揭示了北京市绿带游憩空间布局情况,为中国绿带游憩体系的统筹建设、空间结构调整和布局优化提供了参考。     

中国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的动态评价与空间分异

运用基于多智能体遗传算法的投影寻踪模型和核密度估计模型,对2003~2012年中国沿海11个省市（不含港澳台）海洋渔业资源可持续利用水平的时空格局演化进行测度。研究结果表明：从投影方向上看,捕捞技术、捕捞强度和渔业产业结构等,逐渐上升为影响海洋渔业资源可持续利用水平的重要因子;从时空格局上看,上海的海洋渔业资源可持续利用属于高水平区板块,天津、河北、江苏、浙江和广西属于中等水平区板块,辽宁、山东、福建、广东和海南属于低水平区板块;从总体上看,海洋渔业资源可持续利用呈现不可持续性,具体表现为时间演化可持续,空间演化不可持续,时空演化呈现出不可持续的两极分化趋势。未来高水平区板块应保持原来的发展模式,中等水平区板块的可持续利用路径选择是保中争高,低等水平区板块的可持续利用路径选择是追中攀高。     

大连市海洋渔业集群空间格局演化与企业区位选择

全球化时代是发展海洋经济的时代,海洋渔业是海洋经济的重要部门,是深耕蓝色国土的重要一步.以典型海洋城市大连市为案例,基于海洋渔业企业视角研究海洋渔业产业,建立海洋渔业企业数据库,运用核密度方法分析大连市海洋渔业企业的空间格局演化规律,建立回归模型重点分析了 2011-2018年海产加工企业在区位选择时的影响因素.结果表...     

A GIS-based exploration of the relationships between human health,social deprivation and ecosystem services: The case of Wales,UK

Being able to analyse the relationships between people and nature has always been of key interest to ecosystems conservation, planning decisions and in a number of disciplines of natural and social sciences. In this framework, it is of paramount importance to evaluate possible correlations between factors such as ecosystem services, human health, and social deprivation. The present study aims at exploring relationships between ecosystem services, human health, and social deprivation for the region of Wales in the United Kingdom. Wales is of special interest because as a region it offers many ‘green’ ecosystems which have already been found to have a positive influence on humans' well-being as well as on socio-economic status. First, a recreational layer showing the size and location of all potential recreational areas in each Welsh local authority was created. Subsequently, correlation/regression analysis and weighted raster analysis were performed which allowed determining quantitatively the degree of correlation between the observed socio-economic factors and recreational areas.The findings of this exploratory study suggested that the relative size of potential recreational area varies widely within the local authorities comprising Wales. Not all the socio-economic factors which were examined herein found to be correlated with recreational areas. Some variables, such as income and employment deprivation showed high correlations with poor recreation options. Very poor correlation was also reported between recreation options and variables such as life expectancy and long-term illness. Our results, in agreement to previous studies conducted elsewhere, suggested that human health is determined by a complex interplay of more than one of the observed determinants, including for example biology and genetics or living and working conditions. As to our knowledge there are no prior research studies on the topic for our study region, this work provides a key contribution concerning the determination of a “social” value of ecosystems in the context of human health and other socio-economic factors. However, as these are only initial results, further work is required to verify those.     

Some aspects of beach use in the Perth metropolitan area

The recreational use of metropolitan beaches is an important but neglected aspect of recreational research in Australia. This paper discusses the results of a survey of beach use in the Perth metropolitan area and also examines travel patterns associated with beach usage. The most popular beaches draw people from throughout the metropolitan area and many people are prepared to travel relatively long distances to visit a particular beach. However, although a distance‐decay effect is apparent, there is little relationship between the pattern of trip generation in Perth and either demographic or status differences between suburbs. It is suggested that further research should focus on temporal aspects of beach usage.     

属性和网络结构双重视角下农民工流动规律研究

微观层面的农民工流动与宏观层面的城市间经济联系存在关联性,属性与网络关系结构相结合为分析这种关联性提供了有力工具。运用1142名农民工调查数据和198个城市官方统计数据构建的网络数据,分别分析了属性因素和个体网络以及城市整体网络因素对农民工流动的影响。结果显示：年龄、文化程度、行业类型、打工年限、流出与流入地区域等个体属性因素,以及求职帮助关系人类型、是否有公职人员等个体网络因素对农民工打工地选择、流动距离和工资收入影响显著。通过分析城市属性与整体网络出度入度、网络相关性、无标度特征、核心—边缘结构和小世界特征等因素,得出了农民工流动具有从落后地区流向发达城市,以远距离流动为代价追求高工资,选择务工城市具有扎堆趋势,聚集在发达城市并非必然获得高工资,向发达地区流动倾向于一步到位等结论。在此基础上,提出引导农民工合理流动,降低信息费用,优化劳动力资源配置的相关建议。     

宁夏回族自治区湿地生态旅游可持续开发研究

宁夏回族自治区的湿地类型丰富多样,拥有典型的湿地生态旅游景观和丰富的湿地动植物资源,且大多数湿地主要分布在银川市以及经济较发达的宁夏沿黄城市带,湿地旅游资源的开发具备了良好的基础和前景,但目前湿地面积不断缩小,湿地动植物资源遭到严重破坏,科学地和可持续地开发宁夏丰富的湿地旅游资源显得尤其紧迫。在调查评价宁夏湿地生态旅游资源的基础上,进行该区湿地生态旅游可持续开发的SWOT分析,提出开发的对策和建议,着重保持生态平衡,改变当地社会经济增长方式,形成人与自然和谐共处的局面,既是防止宁夏现有湿地资源进一步破坏,实现湿地生态旅游资源可持续利用的有效方法,又是加快宁夏旅游业发展的必要措施。     

基于ITCM的旅游者地方依恋价值评估——以九寨沟风景区为例

旅行费用法(TCM)已被广泛运用于旅游地的游憩价值评估中。地方依恋作为“人—地”关系的重要组成部分,其经济价值的评估对旅游地的发展有重要意义。本文选取九寨沟风景区为案例地,按不同交通工具分类测量了旅游者的旅行费用并构建了旅行费用与地方依恋的结构方程模型。研究发现,地方依恋的两个维度:地方依赖和地方认同之间存在显著的正向影响。地方依赖和地方认同从不同程度上促进了九寨沟游客旅游需求的增长。通过ITCM计算消费者剩余,得出地方依恋对九寨沟总体游憩价值的贡献率为5.6%,直观反映了地方依恋对景区的经济推动作用,对地方理论在经济管理领域的运用及旅游地地方性的营造和整体形象的提升有重要的指导意义。     

邮轮属性评价与品牌定位

以全球最大的邮轮点评网站——邮轮评论家为数据来源渠道,以编辑（Editor/Expert）的文本点评以及对167艘邮轮10大属性的打分数据为样本,利用词频分析、回归分析、聚类分析和方差分析等方法,对全球21个邮轮品牌的产品属性、总体评价以及品牌定位问题进行了系统研究。结果表明,对于专业型游客来说,餐饮、客房和娱乐是关注度最高的船上属性,服务、性价比和公共空间是满意度最高的船上属性,客房、餐饮、公共空间、性价比和娱乐属性对邮轮总评具有显著影响。方差分析表明,与行业界定下的品牌行为相比,基于专业型游客感知的品牌划分更有效。     

THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF RIPARIAN CORRIDORS IN CORNBELT FLOODPLAINS: A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK*

A new research framework determines the economic value of riparian corridors in floodplains of the agricultural Midwest. Market mechanisms can fail to account for many positive attributes of riparian wetland ecosystems. Individual farmers frequently make socially inappropriate decisions regarding floodplain land-uses because the benefits accruing from wetlands, such as improved water quality and enhanced recreational activities, are public goods. A spatial economic model, based on willingness-to-pay procedures, assesses the apposite mix of agricultural/wetland land uses that compares the marginal value of natural riparian vegetation and agricultural production on rural Cornbelt floodplains. A simple case study illustrates the framework.     

社会感知视角下基于“头尾划分”的游憩热点识别新方法

作为游憩空间的核心研究对象,游憩热点在研判居民游憩偏好、落实城市游憩规划等方面具有重要作用。该文从“社会感知”视角,结合“头尾划分”理论,提出基于时空轨迹数据识别城市游憩热点的新方法。首先基于个人轨迹数据识别停留点,然后基于“头尾划分”理论划定游憩停留点簇群,最后整合停留点簇群并赋值于邻近道路形成游憩热点;以广州市老城区为例进行实证分析,并与两种既有点数据聚类方法进行对比。结果显示:1)广州市老城区的游憩热点整体集中于中、西部,热点类型可分为蓝绿空间、历史风貌、商业街区、批发市场和新兴网红场所5类;2)相比DBSCAN和CFSFDP算法,该文方法在识别游憩热点数量、捕捉游憩热点核心、明确游憩热点边界和运行简洁程度等方面表现更好,有利于后续游憩热点的深度分析与整合。研究成果可为城市游憩热点的识别提供新思路,也可为国土空间规划语境下游憩系统的重塑与提升提供重要分析基础。     

珠三角城市群生态游憩空间分异特征及关联性因素

生态游憩空间是居民放松身心、亲近自然的主要活动场所,是提升居民生活质量和幸福感的重要开放空间。随着城市群的一体化发展,以及城市群居民对居住环境和休闲品质要求的提高,生态空间游憩利用的区域组织成为了新的理论课题。本文在界定生态游憩空间并对其进行空间解译的基础上,运用GIS空间分析方法,对珠三角城市群生态游憩空间分布的集聚和分异特征进行了刻画,并分析了其与人文、自然生态要素的空间关系,揭示生态游憩空间分布存在的问题与成因。结果显示：① 各城市生态空间游憩利用率的空间分异明显,反映了生态空间游憩利用缺少有效的区域统筹。② 生态游憩空间数量、规模、等级以及生态空间游憩利用率分布具有空间集聚特征,但四者的集聚导向存在差异。③ 生态游憩空间分布与地形、交通具有空间依存关系,但与水系、旅游要素以及文化资源分布的关联性不明显。④ 生态游憩空间面积分布与人口密度分布相反,说明珠三角城市群生态空间游憩服务存在供需空间错位矛盾。     

Poverty and prosperity among Sama Bajo fishing communities (Southeast Sulawesi,Indonesia)

Over recent decades, sustained economic growth in Indonesia has lifted many millions of Indonesians out of poverty. But despite these developments, 28 per cent of the population still live below the official poverty line and many more remain vulnerable to falling into poverty. Coastal and fishing communities represent some of the poorer populations across Indonesia, their livelihoods increasingly threatened by deleterious environmental impacts and overfishing. This paper draws on an analysis of household surveys from two Sama Bajo fishing settlements in coastal Southeast Sulawesi. A predominantly maritime language community, Sama Bajo livelihoods are shaped by seasonal patterns of fishing and marine based harvesting and trading. Using a modified poverty survey instrument, the paper explores comparative patterns of poverty and prosperity in these two communities with a focus on livelihood dynamics, seasonality effects, and the enduring patron‐client relationships that sustain their market‐oriented way of life. Key findings highlight the vulnerability of female headed households given the highly gendered access to fishing success, and the significance of relational co‐dependencies between patron‐client networks that sustain the current patterns of fishing livelihoods. The paper highlights the need for more focussed livelihood research among vulnerable populations in Indonesia and smallholder fishing communities in particular.     

大运河遗产河道游憩利用适宜性评价

在充分考虑国家文化公园建设等新要求的前提下,采用层次分析法,构建包含4个准则层、10个因子层、22个指标层的评价指标体系,对大运河27段遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性进行评价。研究显示：① 从评价结果来看：大运河27段运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性排名情况比较客观,所构建的指标体系对于评价大运河遗产河道的游憩利用适宜性较为可信,对于评价大型线性文化遗产的游憩利用适宜性同样具有借鉴意义。② 从游憩利用适宜度来看：11段游憩利用适宜度较高的遗产河道全部位于京杭大运河和浙东运河沿线的通水、通航河段。4段游憩利用适宜度低的河道均处于大运河已断流区域。浙江、江苏、天津、北京、河北等5省市境内的遗产河道游憩利用适宜性要优于安徽、河南、山东等3省境内的河道。③ 从影响游憩利用适宜性的各准则层来看：游憩利用适宜度高的遗产河道,其生态环境本底质量普遍较高。游憩利用适宜度低的遗产河道,其经济社会条件和旅游发展基础2个指标层的表现也普遍偏低。依托大型线性文化遗产建设国家文化公园,要在对其不同区段游憩利用适宜性开展评价的基础上,构建科学合理的游憩利用模式。