模糊数学法在地下水污染评价中的应用

对于由诸多综合因素的决定的,不宜用二值逻辑评价的事物,用模糊数学的进行总体评价是一种创新,这在人类的思维方式上是一大进步,本文就是根据地下水的诸多杂质含量的实测数据,用模糊数学的方法评价地下的污染程度,判定水质等级的一种尝试。     

层次分析与模糊数学综合评价法在矿山环境评价中的应用

采用遥感技术提取矿山环境评价因子,运用层次分析法与模糊数学法对三江成矿带南段矿山环境进行综合评价。层次分析法确定的矿山环境评价因子按权重排序,依次为植被覆盖率、土地利用、地形地貌、矿山地质灾害、水土流失和矿山开发占地;模糊数学法评价的区域矿山环境隶属第一等级"好"。通过GIS平台,按权重值对评价因子进行叠加、成图,实现了三江成矿带南段的矿山环境评价。层次分析与模糊数学综合评价法,不仅综合考虑矿山环境影响因子,且充分发挥了2种数学方法的优点,将动态与静态、定量与非定量等指标有机结合,发挥其因素和过程的模糊性,减少了专家人为评分的主观性,使评价结果更符合实际。     

安徽铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境评价研究

安徽铜陵地区是我国典型的硫铁矿集中开采区。研究区内新桥硫铁矿等数座硫铁矿山的长期开采造成了生态环境的破坏,对铜陵地区硫铁矿集中开采区矿山进行地质环境评价可为矿山生态恢复提供依据。本文在资料分析和实际调查的基础上,选取了地质环境背景、矿业开发、矿山地质环境问题和地质灾害4种要素下20种评价指标,采用层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)法确定了各要素和指标的权重值。在此基础上运用模糊数学综合评判对研究区进行矿山地质环境评价,并采用ArcGIS的网格化插值评价法对比验证。结果表明:地质环境背景、矿业开发、矿山地质环境问题和地质灾害对矿山地质环境影响的权重值分别为0.10、0.14、0.37、0.39。模糊综合评价二级初判结果为:矿山地质环境问题对研究区矿山地质环境总体上影响较大,其中水土污染问题最为突出;一级初判结果为研究区内矿山地质环境总体较好。网格化插值评价将研究区矿山地质环境划分为严重区、较严重区和轻微区,面积占比分别为4.62%、32.04%、63.34%。模糊数学综合评价与网格化插值评价结果基本一致,AHP与模糊数学综合评判法对硫铁矿集中开采区的地质环境评价适用性较好。评价结果可为当地开展矿山地质环境保护和治理工作提供依据。     

矿山地质环境综合评价方法研究

以扎赉诺尔区矿山地质环境治理为例,分析矿山地质环境现状及投入情况,构建矿山地质环境综合评价指标体系。该体系中增添了以往矿山地质环境评价中较少出现的区位置和治理可行性两个方面的指标。将层次分析方法和模糊数学方法应用于对治理区的综合评价,提出治理顺序,实现治理资金的合理利用。这种评价方法效果显著,与实际相符,为矿山地质环境治理评价提供新的思路。     

模糊综合评价法在地下水水质评价中的应用

将模糊数学应用于水质评价中.模糊综合评价法通过建立和确定因子集、评价集、隶属函数和权重集等模糊集合,进行环境评价.选择咸阳市地表水环境质量对模糊综合评价法进行验证.评价结果符合实际情况.说明模糊综合评价法可用于环境质量综合评价.     

基于模糊数学的广东大宝山矿横石河下游土壤重金属元素污染评价

对广东大宝山矿横石河下游地势平坦的农耕区上坝村表层土壤中6种重金属元素进行测试分析,并构建模糊数学污染评价模型对重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果显示,研究区土壤受到重金属Cd、Cu、As的复合污染,显示为重度污染,Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As为轻度污染,传统的综合污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示为轻度和重度污染。模糊数学污染评价法有多个影响因子引入,更加符合矿区及周围地区重金属污染的现状,因而能够在矿区及周边地区土壤重金属的污染评价中得到应用,该方法基于传统的污染评价法进行优化和改良,因此具备良好的可操作性和广泛的适用性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气有利区块优选

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘经过20 a的勘探开发,煤层气仍然没有实现产业化。随着勘探资料的不断丰富,有必要对该区进行煤层气有利区块的优选和重新认识。在前人研究基础上,首先将鄂尔多斯盆地东缘埋深1 500 m区域分为6个区块,选取煤层厚度、含气量、构造条件、水文条件、煤体结构、含气饱和度、储层压力梯度、渗透率和临界解吸压力与储层压力比9个参数作为区块优选指标,结合国内外及研究区实际情况制定了相应的评价临界值。将上述参数作为评价指标集合,以评价单元作为对象集,以有利、较有利和不利作为评级等级集合,然后运用模糊数学综合评判方法得到各评价单元的不同评价参数对评价等级的隶属度,并运用层次分析法确定了各指标的相对权重,最后得到了评价单元对评价等级的隶属度。根据最大隶属度原则,吴堡-柳林属于有利区,大宁-吉县和韩城属于较有利区,准格尔、府谷、河曲-临县属于不利区,吴堡-柳林的煤层气可采性好于大宁-吉县和韩城。因此,建议将吴堡-柳林、大宁-吉县和韩城定为研究区煤层气优先开发区块。      

基于模糊数学的广东大宝山矿横石河下游 土壤重金属元素污染评价

对广东大宝山矿横石河下游地势平坦的农耕区上坝村表层土壤中6种重金属元素进行测试分析,并构建模糊数学污染评价模型对重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果显示,研究区土壤受到重金属Cd、Cu、As的复合污染,显示为重度污染,Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As为轻度污染,传统的综合污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示为轻度和重度污染。模糊数学污染评价法有多个影响因子引入,更加符合矿区及周围地区重金属污染的现状,因而能够在矿区及周边地区土壤重金属的污染评价中得到应用,该方法基于传统的污染评价法进行优化和改良,因此具备良好的可操作性和广泛的适用性。     

基于模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子的地下水水质评价

本文运用地下水水质的模糊综合评判分析方法，选取地下水水质的主要影响因子，借助模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子，编制了有效的MATLAB计算机程序，绘制了隶属度函数的数学图形，对北方某水源地地下水水化学资料进行了模糊数学综合评价。评价结果表明，研究区采样点水质为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占96．63％，大部分地下水水质较好，符合饮用水的要求。借助T和协T逻辑算子的模糊综合评判法评价地下水水质效果较好。     

青海祁漫塔格金属矿集区矿产资源开发优化布局分析

青海祁漫塔格金属矿集区具有丰富的矿产资源和广阔的成矿前景,是东昆仑成矿带最重要的铁多金属成矿远景区。为推动矿集区矿产资源的开发利用和可持续发展,从矿产资源条件、技术经济条件及环境影响3个方面,通过评价指标的筛选、指标权重与评价标准的确定以及评价指标的计算等构建了资源开发布局评价指标体系,并对祁漫塔格金属矿集区进行了矿产资源开发布局评价。评价分析结果为: 祁漫塔格矿集区11个开发区划单元综合评价平均值为7.0分,矿集区整体开发优势一般; 有2个开发区划单元综合评价值在8.0分以上,属于重点优先部署开发区域,分别为夏日哈木多金属矿区和虎头崖—迎庆沟多金属矿区; 有7个开发区划单元属于可以部署开发区域,可作为备选区域; 另有2个开发区划单元综合评价值低于6.0分,暂不宜考虑开发。     

Seismic liquefaction potential assessed by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

Liquefaction of loose, saturated granular soils during earthquakes poses a major hazard in many regions of the world. The determination of liquefaction potential of soils induced by earthquake is a major concern and an essential criterion in the design process of the civil engineering structures. A large number of factors that affect the occurrence of liquefaction during earthquake exist a form of uncertainty of non-statistical nature. Fuzzy systems are used to handle uncertainty from the data that cannot be handled by classical methods. It uses the fuzzy set to represent a suitable mathematical tool for modeling of imprecision and vagueness. The pattern classification of fuzzy classifiers provides a means to extract fuzzy rules for information mining that leads to comprehensible method for knowledge extraction from various information sources. Therefore, it is necessary to handle the soil liquefaction problem in a rational framework of fuzzy set theory. This study investigates the feasibility of using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for predicting soil liquefaction during earthquake. In the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of soil liquefaction, the following factors, such as earthquake intensity, standard penetration number, mean diameter and groundwater table, are selected as the evaluating indices. The results show that the method is a useful tool to assess the potential of soil liquefaction.     

开采建筑物损坏的集对分析——可变模糊集综合评价模型

应用集对分析和可变模糊集理论,探讨了开采建筑物损坏等级的综合评价模型,建立了以集对模糊联系度构建可变模糊集差异度的新方法,实例及同其他方法对比应用,表明了应用集对分析—可变模糊集方法评价开采建筑物损坏等级,可简化评价过程和提高定量分析的可靠性,评价结果更接近样本的实际情况。      

基于非线性理论的大气环境质量预测与评价

大气环境质量的预测和评价是一个典型的多变量和非线性问题。根据大气环境系统的性质，运用灰色系统理论和模糊数学理论建立大气环境质量预测和评价 的数学模型，通过对江西省抚州市环保局提供的实测数据进行科学计算，得到令人满意的结果，有较好的实用价值。     

近松散含水层下采煤安全性熵值模糊综合评判

基于模糊数学理论,通过统计经验数据,采用熵值法对影响近松散含水层安全开采的关键因素赋权,利用GIS定量确定各个因素的隶属度,构造了基于熵值的模糊综合评判模型。以山东某矿六采区01工作面开采为例,选择覆岩厚度、断层构造、第四系底部粘土层厚度、底部含水层的单位涌水量、煤层开采厚度、导水裂隙带高度6个影响因素为评判指标,确定了可行性程度的评判集:{较低,低,中等,高,很高},依据水体下开采的有关安全规程,采用GIS方法确定了各个因素的隶属度,并利用历史开采经验数据确定各个影响因素的权重。对该工作面近松散含水层下开采的评判结果表明,该工作面控制采高为2 m时开采是安全可行的,开采过程中针对薄弱环节采取了相应措施,没有发生突水溃砂事件,初步验证了该模糊综合评判模型的实用性。      

Use of GIS-based fuzzy logic relations and its cross application to produce landslide susceptibility maps in three test areas in Malaysia

Landslides are one of the most frequent and common natural hazards in Malaysia. Preparation of landslide susceptibility maps is one of the first and most important steps in the landslide hazard mitigation. However, due to complex nature of landslides, producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. For this reason, a number of different approaches have been used, including direct and indirect heuristic approaches, deterministic, probabilistic, statistical, and data mining approaches. Moreover, these landslides can be systematically assessed and mapped through a traditional mapping framework using geoinformation technologies. Since the early 1990s, several mathematical models have been developed and applied to landslide hazard mapping using geographic information system (GIS). Among various approaches, fuzzy logic relation for mapping landslide susceptibility is one of the techniques that allows to describe the role of each predisposing factor (landslide-conditioning parameters) and their optimal combination. This paper presents a new attempt at landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy logic relations and their cross application of membership values to three study areas in Malaysia using a GIS. The possibility of capturing the judgment and the modeling of conditioning factors are the main advantages of using fuzzy logic. These models are capable to capture the conditioning factors directly affecting the landslides and also the inter-relationship among them. In the first stage of the study, a landslide inventory was complied for each of the three study areas using both field surveys and airphoto studies. Using total 12 topographic and lithological variables, landslide susceptibility models were developed using the fuzzy logic approach. Then the landslide inventory and the parameter maps were analyzed together using the fuzzy relations and the landslide susceptibility maps produced. Finally, the prediction performance of the susceptibility maps was checked by considering field-verified landslide locations in the studied areas. Further, the susceptibility maps were validated using the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) success rate curves. The ROC curve technique is based on plotting model sensitivity—true positive fraction values calculated for different threshold values versus model specificity—true negative fraction values on a graph. The ROC curves were calculated for the landslide susceptibility maps obtained from the application and cross application of fuzzy logic relations. Qualitatively, the produced landslide susceptibility maps showed greater than 82% landslide susceptibility in all nine cases. The results indicated that, when compared with the landslide susceptibility maps, the landslides identified in the study areas were found to be located in the very high and high susceptibility zones. This shows that as far as the performance of the fuzzy logic relation approach is concerned, the results appeared to be quite satisfactory, the zones determined on the map being zones of relative susceptibility.     

三角模糊数型边坡支护方案评价模型及其应用

由于边坡支护方案评价时掌握的信息不充分,资料不全,加之问题本身的复杂性、不确定性以及人类思维的模糊性,方案的评价值往往难以精确表达,用三角模糊数的形式表示更合理。针对属性值用三角模糊数表示的边坡支护方案优选问题,提出了一种基于集对分析联系数的三角模糊数型方案综合评价模型。首先,根据集对分析中的联系数理论,利用三角模糊数的中值及上下确界所限定的取值区间,将三角模糊数转化为联系数;然后,根据联系数的加法和乘法定义,建立了联系数决策模型;按照综合决策值大小即可得到最优方案。该模型既考虑了三角模糊数的中值,又兼顾了三角模糊数的上下确界,即联系数的差异度,更具有客观性、合理性。实例应用表明,该模型算理清晰,计算简便,结论与实际相符。     

利用模糊数学方法建立汶川地震滑坡灾害评判标准

利用汶川地震主震在龙门山震区的强震资料,建立了利用地震动参数估计斜坡位移的Newmark累积位移模型。借助于模糊数学中的隶属函数方法,实现了对模型估计累积位移的隶属度定量计算,进而用以判定滑坡危险性分级。为使计算结果定量化,进一步利用模糊转换方法,将定性的滑坡危险性判定结果转换为定量的概率表达,使滑坡判定结果可以继续应用于其他环节的计算分析。以汶川地震在龙门山震区的滑坡分布为例,对模型的计算结果及其定量转换结果与实际情况进行了分析,表明模型结果与实际情况非常吻合。分析认为,以概率方式可以使滑坡灾害的空间分布描述更为准确,文中的方法使之得以实现。     

Fuzzy modelling of acid mine drainage environments using geochemical,ecological and mineralogical indicators

Fuzzy logic was applied to model acid mine drainage (AMD) and to obtain a classification index of the environmental impact in a contaminated riverine system. The data set used to develop this fuzzy model (a fuzzy classifier) concerns an abandoned mine in Northern Portugal—Valdarcas mining site. Here, distinctive drainage environments (spatial patterns) can be observed based on the AMD formed in the sulphide-rich waste-dumps. Such environments were established, as the effluent flows through the mining area, using several kinds of indicators. These are physical–chemical, ecological and mineralogical parameters, being expressed in a quantitative or qualitative basis. The fuzzy classifier proposed in this paper is a min–max fuzzy inference system, representing the spatial behaviour of those indicators, using the AMD environments as patterns. As they represent different levels (classes) of contamination, the fuzzy classifier can be used as a tool, allowing a more reasonable approach, compared with classical models, to characterize the environmental impact caused by AMD. In a general way it can be applied to other sites where sulphide-rich waste-dumps are promoting the pollution of superficial water through the generation of AMD. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

煤田地质勘探钻孔瓦斯突出危险性评价

基于灰色关联分析法和模糊综合评判理论,综合考虑煤体结构、瓦斯压力和含量、地质构造、煤层埋深以及煤厚等因素,利用勘探钻孔所测瓦斯资料,建立了勘探钻孔煤层瓦斯突出危险性评价模型,并以重庆松藻矿区为例,对矿区勘探钻孔附近煤层瓦斯突出危险性进行了评价。结果表明:模型评判结果与矿井实际生产揭露情况一致,评判结果可靠。该模型避免了以往勘探阶段仅利用单项指标或简单综合指标进行突出危险评价的不足,使评价指标更全面,评判结果更可靠。      

基于模糊神经网络的煤与瓦斯突出区域预测研究

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素间复杂的非线性关系,难以用经典的数学理论建立精确的预测模型。本文用自适应模糊神经网络技术建立煤与瓦斯突出预测系统,以模糊数学作为表达与处理不精确数据、模糊信息条件的手段,以自适应BP神经网络作为解决问题的途径。结果表明:方法可行,预测精度高,能够满足要求,进一步充实了煤与瓦斯突出区域预测理论