大天线太阳射电观测和流量归算的一种方法

本文介绍了高空间分辨率的太阳射电观测流量的归算方法，即对观测的太阳天线温度值作天线功率方向图Ｋ因子的修正，即可得到太阳射电流量值．文中推导了不同温度分布模型下的Ｋ因子表达式，并计算了日面宁静太阳流量值和部分射电源的ＳＶＣ辐射流量值．对日面宁静区的射电辐射而言，因Ｋ的年变化（０．０２３６—０．０２５２）不大，因此按其平均值０．０２４４可计算出２２ＧＨｚ频率上宁静太阳流量ｓ。＝０．１５Ｔａ。（以ｓｆｕ为单位，Ｔａ。是宁静区辐射的太阳天线温度），相应的宁静太阳温度为１０１００土３００Ｋ．１９９０年７月２日源区的ＳＶＣ辐射计算结果表明：日面源区的ＳＶＣ辐射总和为２０ｓｆｕ，约占日面总辐射的２．４％．     

太阳和月球射电辐射对40m天线数据接收影响分析

利用标准射电源和标准噪声源,对宁静太阳和月球射电辐射的噪声温度进行了测量,估计它们对40m天线接收绕月卫星信号的影响,结论是:(1)40m天线指向偏离太阳超过2°时,能够满足正常数据接收要求;(2)40m天线指向月球时,系统接收的噪声温度增加值为87.1K, 此时系统的总噪声温度能够满足正常数据接收要求.     

阵列接收系统的噪声温度分析

针对射电天文抗干扰技术对于射电天文观测设备灵敏度的影响,分析了评估自适应波束形成技术对阵列接收系统的噪声温度影响.首先通过噪声信号模型,获取了影响系统噪声温度变化的参数,并在此基础上研究了天线增益、接收机增益和耦合性等系统参数的不确定性对于噪声温度的影响,最后利用仿真实验分析了理想系统条件下当前主要的自适应波束形成算法对于系统噪声温度的影响.结果表明基于自适应波束形成的抗干扰方法在天文信号源和干扰信号源重合的情况下已不再适用.     

Thirty-Element Active Antenna Array as a Prototype of a Huge Low-Frequency Radio Telescope

An effective wide-band (10 to 60 MHz) active antenna element has been developed. The cost of one short (3 m), thin dipole with built-in amplifier and metal construction is less than 45 euro. It was shown both theoretically and experimentally that the upper limiting frequency is at least 60 MHz, the dynamic range is 90 dB/V and the share of the amplifier noise to the background antenna temperature is about 10%. The developed active dipole was tested by building a 30-element antenna array and comparing its parameters with one of the subpart of the UTR-2 radio telescope having passive dipoles of 8.6 m in length and 1.8 m in diameter. The 3C461 ionospheric scintillation spectra observed in the experiments show that the sensitivities and noise-immunities of both antennas are close. This proves the availability using of a short cheap active dipole in new generation giant radio telescopes.     

The Receiver System for the Ooty Wide Field Array

The legacy Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) is being reconfigured as a 264-element synthesis telescope, called the Ooty Wide Field Array (OWFA). Its antenna elements are the contiguous 1.92 m sections of the parabolic cylinder. It will operate in a 38-MHz frequency band centred at 326.5 MHz and will be equipped with a digital receiver including a 264-element spectral correlator with a spectral resolution of 48 kHz. OWFA is designed to retain the benefits of equatorial mount, continuous 9-hour tracking ability and large collecting area of the legacy telescope and use of modern digital techniques to enhance the instantaneous field-of-view by more than an order of magnitude. OWFA has unique advantages for contemporary investigations related to large scale structure, transient events and space weather watch. In this paper, we describe the RF subsystems, digitizers and fibre optic communication of OWFA and highlight some specific aspects of the system relevant for the observations planned during the initial operation.     

Development of a Front End Array for Broadband Phased Array Receiver

The receiver is a signal receiving device placed at the focus of the telescope. In order to improve the observation efficiency, the concept of phased array receiver has been proposed in recent years, which places a small phased array at the focal plane of the reflector, and flexible pattern and beam scanning functions can be achieved through a beamforming network. If combined with the element multiplexing, all beams within the entire field of view can be observed simultaneously to achieve contin...     

基于分布式控制的天线闭环控制系统设计和实现

给出了天线阵列系统中单天线闭环控制系统的模型,对于同步跟踪某种信号源进行射电天文观测的天线阵列系统而言,具有通用性、可配置性和良好的可扩展性.     

厘米—分米波射电日像仪天线阵基线测量

日像仪采用综合孔径原理成像,利用不同基线单元的相关输出得到复可见度函数,经过傅里叶变换得到源的亮度分布,基线测量精度是影响成像质量的重要因素.提出了采用大地坐标测量结合观测天文源确定方向基准,进行厘米-分米波射电日像仪天线阵单元天线三维坐标位置测量,获得天线基线矢量的方案,并通过在国家天文台明安图观测站建立相对坐标测控网,对射电日像仪天线阵天线基线进行实测定位,整网平差计算结果表明测量方案合理可行,并满足日像仪基线间距离测量精度的要求和相关成图要求.     

GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差的检测

GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差是指GPS天线接收卫星信号的电气中心与基机械几何中心之差。在高精度测量中，这是不容忽视的。讨论了采用基线测量相对测定法确定天线相位中心在水平和垂直方向上的偏差的原理和方法，并给出了测量结果及建议。     

13．7m抛物面天线增益测量和太阳射电流量密度定标

以新月时月亮的射电辐射为温度基准和准口面温度定标的方法，在２２ＧＨｚ频率上于１９９３年７月～３月测量了１３．７ｍ射电望远镜抛物面天线的增益。根据测量的增益值（６７．１０─±０．０７ｄｂ）定标了太阳射电流量，流量测量的系统差为±５．８％，偶然差为±２．７％，测量的宁静太阳亮温度（非源区）为１０１００±３００Ｋ。除此之外，还推导和计算了不同源模型下的天线方向图改正因子Ｋｓ，并计算了太阳射电源的流量密度。     

射电天文测量微波天线增益的测量技术

本文介绍了用四种定标基准ΔＴｃ＝（Ｔ０－ＴＬ），（ＴＨ－Ｔ０），（Ｔ０－ＴＡＮｚ）和（Ｔ０－ＴＨＮｚ），并用射电源作为校准测量微波天线增益的基本原理和方法。并对四种不同类型的天线增益进行了测量，测量结果表明，以ΔＴｃ＝（Ｔ０－ＴＨＮｚ）和总功率辐射计所组成的测量系统可实施增益的高精度测量。测量设备可以和接收系统兼容，不需专用测量设备，因此该技术可在工程中广泛使用。     

基于FS系统对乌鲁木齐VLBI射电望远镜进行天线测量

在天文观测中射电望远镜性能参数的好坏直接影响到观测数据质量,为了保证观测质量,提高观测效率,需要对天线性能进行测量.当前进行天线测量的方法有场地测量法和射电天文法,不同的方法应用范围和效果不同.对于大型天线而言采用射电天文法进行天线测量高效快捷.针对VLBI射电望远镜,介绍了使用终端FS系统对天线参数进行测量（基于射电天文法）的方法和过程,以乌鲁木齐南山25 m天线增益和指向精度测量作为范例,重点叙述了测量的方法和步骤,并对该方法进行了讨论.