全球观测系统实地观测的内容和要求

全球性观测系统在检测，监测和预测地球系统的变化中发挥着越工重要的作用。地球系统的复杂性，多尺度性，非线性性，突变性，非平衡性等要求各种全球性观测系统之间必须加强联系与协调。评述了全球性观测系统联系与协调的发展趋势，并依据《全球性观测系统实地观测的内容和体系纲要》、介绍了全球性观测系统实地观测的内容和规范要求。     

印尼海啸地震的钻孔应力应变观测资料

钻孔应力-应变地震前兆观测台网，是全国地震前兆监测台网的一个组成部分。该手段由于美国板块边界观测（PBO）项目的影畸，正在日益受到人们的重视（邱泽华等，2002；邱泽华等，2004a；邱泽华等，2004）。钻孔应力-应变观测对象包括：体应变、分量应变、分量应力和差应变。目前登记在册并正常运行的钻孔应力一应变地震前兆监测台站共计45个，分布于14个省、自治区和直辖市。有的台站有多种观测项目，例如昌平台，作为钻孔应力-应变综合观测台，曾经有5～6种钻孔应力-应变观测项目，目前有体应变、压容分量应变和差应变三种观测。目前正常运行的观测项目共有49个。     

潜水位观测频率优化探讨

运用统计学方法，以潜水位的时间序列为基础，通过对该序列的一阶，二阶统计量分析，确定估计的置信区间宽度与观测数之间的关系，在此基础上，根据观测精度的要求设定的置信区间宽度来确定最佳观测频率。     

差分GPS在水道观测上的应用

差分ＧＰＳ在水道观测上的应用周刚炎，邹家忠（长江水利委员会水文局）１前“吉长期以来，我国河道、水库的水下地形观测是采用经纬仪交会定位，配合超声测深仪的传统方法。这种方法需要大量的控制点，增设大量的标石和高标，而且受气候条件、通机条件的限制，精度低，速...     

泉州台印尼苏门答腊特大地震钻孔应变观测报告

泉州基准地震台1971年6月建成。台站位于福建省泉州市北郊清源山南麓的罗古山南坡，离海最近距离约7km，台址处在北东向长乐一诏安活动断裂带中段（见图1）。台基岩性为交代中粒二长花岗岩，岩石新鲜、致密、完整。此外，1979年在泉州市西郊白水营村建成地磁台，现搬迁至南安市洪濑镇重建。先后有测震、地磁、重力、形变、水氡、GPS等观测项目。现有全国Ⅰ类基本台的测震（数字化观测）、地磁观测项目，以及水氡、数字化钻孔应变和GPS观测项目。     

灵山台印尼地震压磁应力观测报告

灵山地震台位于灵山县城六峰山公园风景区脚下。1973年建台，现有测震、JB-1金属水平摆、压磁应力（电感法）、跨断层短水准测量四种观测手段，目前除了JB-1金属水平摆倾斜仪尚未进行数字化改造外，其他手段都已经进行数字化观测。灵山台压磁应力（电感法）手段1977年3月正式投入观测，孔深52．43m，钻孔打在致密完整的灰岩上，位于NE向防城-灵山断裂带上（图1），历史上（1943年）广西发生的最大一次6．8级地震就是在灵山。     

青藏高原中部地面蒸发量观测计算与特征分析

青藏高原中部地区地面蒸发过程主要发生于５－１０月，７月蒸发最为剧烈。与其它因子相比较，地面蒸发量与水面蒸发量相关关系最好，与潜在蒸发量相关关系次之。下垫面条件对地面蒸发量影响很大，冻结与冻结地表面蒸发量可相关２－３倍。与更为干旱的高原西部的天山地区的研究成果相比，该区稀量蒸发能力的指标的实际蒸发量均要高出许多。     

神经网络在岩土工程观测数据优化中的应用

利用人工神经网络独特的结构和处理信息的方法，以实际工程为背景，编制了岩土工程观测数据优化程度，结合德兴铜矿2号尾矿坝B-B测线浸润线观测实例进行分析研究，使得优化的结果与实际相吻合。     

代县台2005年印尼苏门答腊特大地震钻孔应变观测报告

1．建台历史 代县中心地震台始建于1970年8月。该台现有地电阻率、钻孔应变、定点水准3个观测项目，并承担着山西北部6条场地水准测线的流动观测任务。     

关中地下水动态监测工作的问题和措施

十水资源对关中地区国民经济和人民生活具有非常重要的作用，近年来，本区地下水动态监测工作出现了令人不安的状况，这无疑会严重影响工农业生产和人民生活，本文分析了关中动态观测工作中目前存在问题和原因，提出了相应的解决措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with