Variations of Solar Activity Cycles in the Late Pleistocene Lacustrine Ribbon Clay Rhythms

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - In order to study possible changes in solar activity in the remote transitional climatic period of Younger Dryas cooling (12 700–11 600 ± 100...     

Rhythms of Banded Glacial Clays of the Paleoproterozoic (~2 Ga Ago) and Modern Cycles of Solar Activity

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Paleoclimatic data from a sequence of argillite deposits of the Gowganda Formation located in the Mississagi River Valley (southern Ontario Province, Canada) covering a...     

Solar-Activity Indices for the Ionosphere in Cycles 23 and 24: the Form of Cycles

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Analysis of the features of the form of low solar cycles 23 and 24 for the solar-activity indices (F is the solar radio flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm, Rz and Ri are...     

洪湖及其周围三种湖相粘土的微结构特征与沉积环境

在江汉平原濒临长江北岸的洪湖及其周围的土壤中,分别取得沉积物柱状钻孔样品和土壤剖面样品,用偏光显微镜和电子显微镜观察了2.5kaBP以来形成的三种湖相粘土的微结构特征,并以此解释的其成因和沉积环境。0.9-2.5kaBP期间形成的青色粘土的典型微结构有：凝胶结构、细颗粒粒径和小孔隙、矿物颗粒低圆度和淡水中心冈硅藻等生物框架结构,主要是有机质胶体与粘土胶体相互作用形成的,此期间,河流带入湖泊的泥沙少,洪湖拥有一个开阔、稳定、浮游生物较多的淡水湖泊环境。0.45-1kaBP期间形成的黑色粘土的主要微结构类型有;凝胶结构、大的圆孔隙和植物纤维等生物框架结构,呈双峰分布的孔隙,它主要是由于维管束植物残体大量积累形成的,当时洪湖湖水变浅,大量挺水植物生长,湖泊已经沼泽化了。0.45kaBP以来形成的灰色粘土的微结构类型主要有：絮凝结构、较大的微孔隙和颗粒粒径、矿物颗粒较高的圆度等,物源主要来自河流带来的泥沙,当时河湖相通,河流入湖水沙量大。     

临潼-长安断裂带晚更新世时期的活动特征

对野外大量断层露头及探槽剖面分析所作表明,临潼—长安断裂带错断晚更新世第一古土壤层0.2~6.0m,平均1.1m,最大活动速率为0.047mm/a。在晚更新世晚期断裂表现为裂缝形式,地层没有明显的错动,断裂活动较弱。晚更新世白鹿塬段断裂活动相对较强。     

Characteristics of the Activity of the Lintong-Chang＇an Fault in the Late Pleistocene

Analysis of fault outcrops and trench sections indicates fault displacements of 0.2m - 6.0 m on the bottom paleosol layer of the Epipleistocene with the maximum rate of 0.047 mm/a and an average displacement of 1.1 meters. The activity appears as fissures on the fault surface in the late Epipleistocene and there is no obvious displacement. The fault activity is weak and the most active segment is the Bailuyuan segment.     

我国西部内陆型晚冰期环境特征的湖相沉积记录

根据新疆东部巴里坤湖沉积地层及孢粉,地球化学元素和有机质含量波动特征,同时结合年代的测定,本文对由其所揭示的晚冰期中的几次冰阶与间冰阶交替出现的内陆型环境演变行征进行了研究,指出此阶段中环境演变仍具有相对冷湿与晚干交替的匹配模式。广泛的区域性对比表明,它的出现具有全球一致性,同时又具有区域性差异特征,这种非线性的气候变化对于研究气候突变事件的发生机制具有重要意义。     

Magnetic properties of greigite in the Late Pleistocene sediments of the North Caspian

The results of magnetic and X-ray studies of the magnetic extracts separated from highly magnetically susceptible horizons of the Late Pleistocene sediments from the North Caspian Basin are presented. Greigite is shown to be the major carrier of magnetic properties in these horizons. Its coercive parameters are characteristic of the predominantly single-domain state of magnetic grains. It is found that the Curie point of greigite is at least 460°C, while the specific magnetization of pure greigite is half the saturation magnetization of magnetite.     

五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段长度及活动方式研究

通过野外地质调查,确定五佛寺、杨窝铺、窑洞水3条断层不构成左阶羽列;五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段展布于石板沟东一大台子北东,长度为8．3km,地质剖面中具有明显的宏观蠕滑特征,室内通过对断层泥进行扫描电镜等显微结构分析发现微观蠕滑特征,因此判断五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段活动方式为蠕滑,断层不会对小观音水库坝址造成影响。     

Palacomagnetic and rock magnetic investigation of Late Pleistocene loess deposits in Belgium

The results of a palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic investigation of two loess profiles of Late-Pleistocene age in Tongrinne (TG) and Rocourt (RC) in Belgium are given. We examined the possibility of using this type of sediment, which is, strictly speaking, eolian in origin, to gain information about the dynamic behaviour of the ancient geomagnetic field. The influence of geological processes, especially those known to occur in periglacial environments, were examined. A field test was applied to the upturned strata near a fossil frost wedge of Weichselian age in Tongrinne to demonstrate that at least some large directional changes found in periglacial sediments, and which could be mistaken for ‘excursions’, cannot be attributed to the Earth's magnetic field, but are due to mechanical disturbances. The DRM/ARM method and the requirements for uniformity by Levi et al. to obtain relative geomagnetic palaeointensities were tested on those loess deposits which contain a large silt fraction.     

Paleoearthquake Studies along the Nalinlaka Fault of the Late Pleistocene in Lhasa,Tibet

As the most import fault of the Late Pleistocene in the Lhasa area,the Nalinlaka fault is a left-lateral thrust fault,striking NWW,dipping SSW with a high dip angle,and extending over 33km.According to studies on the latest strata on the Nalinlaka fault zone,this fault zone has been obviously active since the Late Pleistocene and the movement left behind some geomorphologic phenomena on the earth's surface,especially at the sites of the gully west of Cijiaolin and around Xiecun village.For example,some rivers,ridges and terraces are displaced,forming beheaded gullies and fault escarps.The horizontal displacements since the Late Pleistocene at the above two places are 54m ～ 87m,20m ～ 67m,respectively.Based on studies on the 4 trenches along the fault using the progressive constraining method,we conclude that there might have been 5 paleoearthquake events along the Nalinlaka fault since 70ka B.P.,the ages of each paleoearthquake are 68.53,54.40, 41.23,21.96,9.86ka B.P.,and the average recurrence interval is 14.67ka.Because of the limits of trenches and earthquake events exposed by each trench,no single trench completely revealed all 5 events.There may therefore be some errors in determining the upper and lower limits of some events in this article.     

Solar-Activity Indices in the 24th Cycle and the Behavior of the Ionospheric F2-Layer

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - This work is a continuation of the author’s earlier analysis of the relationship between the most often used solar-activity index, F10.7, and solar-activity...     

Technology diffusion and population migration reflected in blade technologies in northern China in the Late Pleistocene

In recent years, the origin and evolution of modern human behaviors have become a common topic of research in Paleolithic archaeology. One important part of modern human behavior, blade technology, was once thought to be unique to modern humans. Recent studies have suggested that variations in blade technology do not fully correspond to modern populations. However, the standardization, diversity, discontinuity in terms of time distribution, and differences in spatial distribution of blade technology give it an important role in discussions of modes of adaptation, diffusion of technology, and population migration of hominins. By categorizing the major blade assemblages in China, we show that there were two blade reduction methods in northern China: the Levallois method and the prismatic method. Dating back 40000–30000 years, the Levallois and prismatic blade method combined to form the characteristics of the early stage of the Upper Paleolithic. Artifacts bearing such characteristics are located in Northwest China, Northeast China, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The unearthed blades are similar in technological organization and are connected geographically with those discovered in Siberia and Mongolia, which also indicates a distinct border from those discovered in northern China. This fact is suggestive of population immigration. About 29000–25000 years ago, a combination of prismatic blades and microblades was developed in the hinterland of China; however whether it can be regarded as the representative of population migration or only a technological adaption remains undetermined. We suggest that the system of production of different blades should be distinguished in the study of blade assemblages and that different blade methods should not be integrated into a single technical system to discuss technology diffusion and population dispersal.     

Trends in Parameters of the F2 Layer and the 24th Solar-Activity Cycle

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Trends in foF2 are analyzed according to the data of Juliusruh and Boulder ionospheric stations to 2018. It is shown that the use of the traditional solar-activity...     

西藏扎布耶盐湖晚更新世沉积学及古气候意义

从粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物、孢粉、介形虫等方面,讨论了西藏扎布耶盐湖晚更新世的气候条件.603±2.7kaB.P.、142.2±7.4kaB.P.时期,扎布耶为间或有一定盐度的淡水湖,前期湖水含盐量比后期高.气候寒冷,风化作用不强,物理风化作用为主.高岭石(60.3±2.7kaB.P.)和厌热性介形虫Radix.Bowelli(142.2±7.4kaB.P.)的出现说明,142.2±7.4kaB.P.时期气候偏干冷,气温比现在低;60.3±2.7kaB.P.气候偏湿冷.比较方解石中Mg含量可知,60.3±2.7kaB.P.比142.2±7.4kaB.P.的湖水盐度高.     

郯庐断裂带五河-明光段晚更新世活动的地质证据及活动特征

作为中国东部影响最大的走滑断裂,郯庐断裂因其强烈的地震活动性及沿断裂带一系列的大地震而备受学者关注。然而,大部分的调查研究都是针对郯庐断裂山东省境内及渤海湾内部分段落。并且,一般认为淮河以南的段落晚更新世以来不活动,也不具备孕育大震或强震的条件。然而,近期我们针对郯庐断裂的工作对这些认识提出了质疑,这些工作基于高分辨率卫星遥感影像解译和在安徽北部明光市、五河县附近的详细的野外调查。我们的研究认为郯庐断裂在淮河以南的五河-明光段包括四支断裂,并且至少一支在晚更新世以来活动。此段在晚第四纪以来主要以右旋走滑为主。不同于常常在基岩及第四纪沉积物中观察到的断层,在未固结的第四纪粘土中的断层形迹不清,但是能够被微观构造分析所确认。鉴于我们最近的工作和前人研究,我们认为年轻沉积物中的隐形断层更加值得注意,同时我们认为郯庐断裂淮河以南的“平静”段需要更深入的研究。     

滨北地区埕南断层晚更新世活动证据及其地震危险性意义

埕南断层是埕宁隆起与济阳凹陷的边界断层,也是滨北地区1条规模最大的重要断层,采用浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,确定了埕南断层准确位置,探明了断层的产状,揭露了上断点深度。钻探结果显示,埕南断层为正断特征,倾向南或南东,倾角70°～80°,断层上断点埋深44.3～46.4 m,断距1.0～1.3 m。通过年代学测试确定了错断地层的年代,获得埕南断层错断晚更新世地层的证据,埕南断层晚更新世活动证据的发现对滨北地区地震危险性再认识具有重要意义和价值。     

磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来活动性研究

1830年河北磁县M7■地震发生于磁县—大名断裂带西段,该断裂地震破裂和活动性的研究受到地震研究者关注。前人研究着眼于1830年磁县大地震的地表破裂,本文的研究重点是磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来的断层活动性。应用卫片、航片解译和野外地震地质调查等方法开展研究,重要地点进行探槽开挖或野外地质剖面剥落以及采样测年,确定了断层各段落破裂事件的发生年代。该断裂西段分为3个断层段落:F₂为磁县—峰峰段落, F₃为东田井村—陶泉乡段落, F₄为韩家沟村—甘泉村段落。F₂断层段大部分隐伏,为早中更新世断层。F₃断层段东端在东田井村南断错距今22 ka地层,为晚更新世活动断层; F₃断层段在鼓山南山村一带为全新世断层,从张家楼村到陶泉乡为推测全新世活动断层。F₄断层段为全新世断层。F₄断层段全部位于基岩山区,可见多处基岩断面、地震沟槽及断层眉脊等断层破裂;一些破裂面发育地衣——丽石黄衣[Xanthoria elegans(L...     

华北盆地北缘香河—皇庄断裂晚更新世以来活动性研究

香河—皇庄断裂位于华北盆地北缘,是京津唐地区一条重要的NE向断裂构造。浅层人工地震反射剖面探测发现,香河—皇庄断裂在廊坊市香河县西马家窝地区表现为一条NE－SW走向的NW倾正断层,剖面上呈铲状,上部略陡,向下逐渐变缓;其对大厂凹陷东缘没有明显的控制作用,为一条新近纪以来形成的断裂,切穿了前中生界基底,且第四纪以来仍有活动。通过部署于断层两侧的构造观察孔岩芯对比及测年数据判断,(6.69±5.6) ka以来香河—皇庄断裂无活动,其上断点很可能位于距地表15～30 m范围内,大致相当于晚更新世早期;在中更新世上部地层中,香河—皇庄断裂存在1.5～1.8 m的垂直落差。香河—皇庄断裂现阶段处于不活动状态,未来发生中强地震的可能性较低。     

Modern and Pleistocene boron isotope composition of the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi

Here we present the first species-specific study of boron isotopes in the epibenthic foraminifer species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Coretop samples from a water depth profile from 1000 to 4500 m on the northern flank of the Walvis Ridge are 4.4‰ lower than the values expected, based on calculations of the δ¹¹B_borate of ambient seawater. Similar values for this foraminifer species are presented from ODP site 668B at the Sierra Leone Rise, in the equatorial Atlantic. The consistency between data of the same species suggests the offsets are primary, rather than diagenetic. Glacial C. wuellerstorfi from ODP 668B and Walvis Ridge have boron isotope compositions only slightly different to interglacial samples, that is no larger than + 0.10 pH units, or + 23 µmol kg^− 1 in [CO₃²⁻] above the reconstructed glacial lysocline, and − 0.07 pH units, or − 14 µmol kg^− 1 in [CO₃²⁻] below. We use these results to suggest that glacial deep water pH in the Atlantic was similar to interglacial pH. The new data resolve the inconsistency between the previously reported high bottom water pH and the lack of significant carbonate preservation of the glacial deep ocean.