Book reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Sedimentary Cover—North American Craton: US
The Geology of North America, Vol. D-2, ed. by L. L. Sloss
Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins: Methods and Case Histories, ed. by N. D. Naeser and T. H. McCulloh
Origin and Migration of Subsurface Sedimentary Brines, SEPM Short Course No. 21, by J. S. Hanor
Evaporites and Hydrocarbons, ed. by B. C. Schreiber.
Phanerozoic Ironstones, ed. by T. P. Young and W. E. G. Taylor.
Green Marine Clays, ed. by G. S. Odin
Siliceous Sedimentary Rock-Hosted Ores and Petroleum, ed. by J. R. Hein.
Neodymium Isotope Geochemistry, by D. J. DePaolo
The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. Faunal Change across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary, ed. by K. Padian.
Basics of Physical Stratigraphy and Sedimentology, by W. J. Fritz and J. N. Moore.
Techniques in Sedimentology, ed. by Maurice Tucker
The Physics of Sediment Transport by Wind and Water, a Collection of Hallmark Papers by R. A. Bagnold, ed. by C. R. Thorne, R. C. MacArthur and J. B. Bradley
Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions, ed. by J. R. Hein and J. Obradovic
Diagenesis I and Diagenesis II, ed. by G. V. Chilingarian and K. H. Wolf.
Continental Shelves, ed. by H. Postma and J. J. Zijlstra.
Modern Planktonic Foraminifera, by Ch. Hermleben, M. Spindler and O. R. Anderson
Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine (4th edn), ed. by H. Füchtbauer     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Adam Sedgwick: Geologist and Dalesman 1785– 1873 by Colin Speakman.
London: Illustrated Geological Walks by Eric by Robonson
Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of the North by A.M. Spencer.
Petroleum Geology of the North European Margin by A.M. Spencer
Edge of the Sea by Russell Sackett.     

用解析延拓求取剩余磁异常来圈定浅部隐伏磁铁矿脉

剩余磁异常求取是一种对磁场强度进行化极,解析延拓后提取浅部磁性介质异常的高通滤波方法。对于处于强磁性围岩的磁铁矿脉来说,浅部磁铁矿脉的异常往往被大规模的磁性围岩所引起的异常所掩盖。磁场强度与场源到测点距离的平方(二度体)或者立方(三度体)成反比,进行向上延拓的时候,由浅部场源引起的高频异常衰减快,深部场源引起的低频异常衰减的慢,因此地面实测磁场去掉向上解析延拓后的磁场值,可突出反映近地表磁性体引起的高频异常。这里通过解析延拓求取剩余异常,实现浅部磁铁矿脉异常信息的提取,为寻找隐伏的磁铁矿脉提供依据。并且利用此方法在秘鲁共和国Morritos铁矿圈定隐伏磁铁矿脉,验证了剩余异常在大规模的高磁性围岩中寻找隐伏磁铁矿脉的应用效果。     

Book reviews

Books review in this article:
Applied Sedimentology, by Richard C. Selley
Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal: An Introduction. by I. S. Roxburgh
Sedimentation in a Synorogenic Basin Complex: The Upper Carboniferous of Northwest Europe, ed. by B. M. Besly and G. Kelling
Low Temperature Metamorphism, ed. by M. Frey
Modern Sedimentation in the Coastal and Nearshore Zones of China, ed. by Ren
Evaporite Basins, ed. by T. M. Peryt
Holocene Reefs of Bermuda, by Alan Logan
Seabed Pockmarks and Seepages. Impact on Geology, Biology and the Marine Environment, by M. Hovland and A. G. Judd
Paleopalynology, by Alfred Traverse
Fan Deltas: Sedimentology and Tectonic Setting, ed. by W. Nemec & R. J. Steel     

Book reviews

Book Review in this article:
Introduction to Geomagnetism , by W. D. Parkinson.
Climatic Geomorphology , by Julius Büdel, translated by Lenore Fischer and Detlef Busche.
Contributions to Sedimentology of Some Carbonate and Clastic Units of the Coastal Dinarides. Excursion Guidebook , ed. by L. J. Babić and V. Jelaska
Continental Carbonate Sedimentation and Pedogenesis , by P. Freytet and J. C. Plaziat, edited by B. H. Purser
Rivers—Form and Process in Alluvial Channels , by Keith Richards
At the Sea's Edge: an introduction to coastal oceanography for the amateur naturalist , by William T. Fox, illustrated by Clare Walker Leslie.
Changing Sea-level Along the North Coast of Kuwait Bay , by Taiba A. Al-Asfour.
Carbonate Depositional Environments , ed. by P. A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout & C. H. Moore.
Dynamic Models in Earth-Science Instruction , by W. H. Yoxall.     

层状大地频率域长导线源激发的电磁场

采用Fourier变换法从Maxwell方程组出发,导出了层状大地模型上接地长导线源激发的电磁场表达式。结果表明：接地长导线源实际上是2个接地电极和线电流源构成的一个组合源;其电磁场表达式表明平行于长导线方向的电场分量为2个接地电极激发的平行于长导线方向的电场分量和线电流激发的电场的叠加,垂直于长导线方向的电场分量和电场的垂直分量均是2个接地电极激发的;平行于长导线方向的磁场分量由2个接地电极所激发,而垂直于长导线方向的磁场分量为2个接地电极激发的垂直于长导线方向的磁场分量和线电流激发的磁场的叠加,磁场的垂直分量为线电流源所激发。进一步的结果分析表明,在均匀半空间上、大收发距时,2个接地电极激发的平行于长导线方向的电场分量和线电流激发的电场分量是相等的,2个接地电极激发的垂直于长导线方向的磁场分量和线电流激发的磁场分量是相等的,且它们的振幅与2个电极之间的距离成正比。     

Books

Book reviewed in this article
Response to 'A critique of the first volume of the Geological Conservation Review, by Douglas A. Bassett, formerly of the National Museum of Wales'
Sedimentary Petrology (2nd ed.) by M. E. Tucker.
The Processes of Fossilization by S. K. Donovan (ed.).
World Geomorphology by E. M. Bridges.
To Interpret the Earth: Ten Ways to be Wrong by Stanley A. Schumm.
Introduction to Physics of the Earth's Interior by Jean-Paul Poirier.
A Guide to the Geology and Land Forms of Central Australia by R. B. Thompson.
Field Experiments and Measurement Programs in Geomorphology by O. Slaymaker (ed.).     

Effects of iron black varnish on petrophysical properties of building sandstone

In zones washed by rain (façades, pinnacles, pilasters), fine siliceous sandstones are covered by a black varnish, which gives a dirty appearance to monuments. In composition, structure and areas covered by it, it differs from the usual black gypsum crust. Experiments carried out on blocks covered by black varnish show the modifications due to their growth. Results show that despite their low thickness and the coherence of the stone below, the accumulation of hydrophobic matters and the wetting-drying cycles modify the transfer properties of sandstones several centimeters below the surface. Thus, although sandstones seem to be protected by the black varnish, in the long run, a flake detachment process, in the areas covered by it, affects them. Therefore, damage to sandstones by black varnish can be explained by the fact that a wetting and drying cycle modifies the pore network.     

全球变化与荒漠化

文章以干旱、半干旱地区沙质荒漠化为例，分析了其成因过程、发展趋势。指出干旱是荒漠化的原因，而频繁、过度的人为活动则更加剧其发展。在中国北方荒漠化土地的成因类型中，有３０．１％是由于过度放牧，２６．９％是由于过度开垦，３２．７％是由于过度樵采，有９．６％是由于水资源利用不当，有０．７％是由于工矿交通建设过程中不重视环境保护而造成的。所以合理利用土地和采取相应的防治措施是防治荒漠化的重要途径     

煤炭地质勘查水文孔洗井方法及流程刍议

煤炭地质勘查水文地质勘探孔一般洗井方法有活塞洗井、压缩空气洗井、酸化洗井、多磷酸盐洗井、液态二氧化碳洗井、水泵抽水洗井等.根据近两年的钻井施工管理经验,总结了煤炭地质勘查水文地质勘探孔的一般洗井方法及流程.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this articles:
Loess in China , by Tungsheng Liu
The Namib Sand Sea: Dune Forms, Processes and Sediments , by N. Lancaster, A. A. Balkema
Arid Zone Geomorphology , ed. by D. S. G. Thomas
Hydrogeology , ed. by W. Back, J. S. Rosenshein, and P. R. Seaber
Stratigraphy, Composition and Environment of Deposition of the Whangai Formation and Associated Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Rocks, Eastern North Island, New Zealand , by P. R. Moore
Systematics and Taxonomic Approaches in Palaeobotany , by R. A. Spicer and B. A. Thomas
Ostracoda in the Earth Sciences , ed. by P. De Decker, J. P. Colin, and J. P. Peypouquet
Chinese Sedimentary Basins , ed. by X. Zhu
Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins , ed. by W. Manspeizer
Controls on Carbonate Platform and Basin Development , ed. by P. D. Crevello, J. L. Wilson, J. F. Sarg, and J. F. Read
Burial Diagenesis , ed. by I. E. Hutcheon
Evolution of the mid-Cretaceous Triad Platform Carbonates, Phosphatic Sediments, Pelagic Carbonates along the Northern Tethys Margin , by K. B. Follmi
Perspectives on Biogeochemistry , by E. T. Degens
Physical Principles of Sedimentology: A Readable Textbook for Beginners and Experts , by K. J. Hsü     

Book reviews

Nigeria: its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential, by A. H. Whiteman.
Analysis of Fluvial Depositional Systems, by Andrew D. Miall.
Carbonate Diagenesis as a Control on Stratigraphic Traps (with examples from the Williston Basin), by Mark W. Longman.
Sedimentary Petrology, by Harvey Blatt.
Phanerozoic Stromatolites. Case Studies, ed. by Claude Monty.
The Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef, by David Hopley.
Les'Argiles Rouges des Grands Fonds'dans le Pacifique Centre-est, Authigenese, Transport, Diagenese, by M. Hoffert.
Sedimentation Continentale et Alterations Associees: Calcitisations, Ferruginations et Silicifications, les Argiles Plastiques du Sparnacien du Bassin de Paris, by M. Thiry.
Contribution a I'etude Geologique des Formations Continentales Detritiques Tertiaires du Sud-ouest du Bassin de Paris, by L. Rasplus.
Sedimentology. Process and Product, by M. R. Leeder.
Sedimentary Structures: their character and physical basis, by J. R. L. Allen.
Geology of the Northwest African Continental Margin, ed. by U. von Rad, K. Hinz, M. Sarnthein and E. Seibold.
Marine Slides and Other Mass Movements, ed. by Svend Saxov and J. K. Niuwenhuis.     

构造岩浆活化与秦岭金矿床

本文论述了秦岭区构造岩浆活化作用与金矿床形成及演化的关系。作者将秦岭区金矿床分为五类，即；①岩浆活化矿床；②岩浆－构造活化矿床；③构造－岩浆活化矿床；④构造活化矿床；⑤构造－变质活化矿床。     

地下水中有机污染物分析质量控制研究

建立了水中96种有机化合物的分析配套方案,包括吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱法测定水中挥发性有机化合物,气相色谱火焰光度检测器测定水中有机磷农药,气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯,高效液相色谱二极管阵列-荧光检测器联用测定水中多环芳烃。方法检出限满足中国地质调查局《地下水污染调查评价规范》的要求。同时对样品测试中质量控制方法进行研究,制定了一套行之有效的质量控制方案,质量控制结果满意。     

Neptunian dykes and associated features in southern Spain: mechanics of formation and tectonic implications

Neptunian dykes and sills in Jurassic carbonate platform strata of the Betic region of Spain occupy spaces created by wholly mechanical fracturing and displacement of the host strata, and later filled by pelagic sediments from above or by precipitation of calcite from circulating solutions. In some places, joint-bounded blocks of platform carbonates have been wholly removed, possibly by sliding down submarine slopes, leaving a staircase topography, commonly Fe-encrusted, that was subsequently filled by pelagic sediments. Other cavities that formed during Cretaceous times were developed by dissolution and current erosion in moderately deep submarine environments, and then filled by pelagic sediments from above. None of the cavities hosted by either platform or pelagic strata contain evidence for their formation by dissolution in a subaerial environment. The Jurassic and Cretaceous history of subsidence of the Betic margins is thus simpler than in versions requiring repeated emergence to form subaerial karstic cavities.     

西藏南部中白垩世旋回地层学

根据旋回特征可把西藏南部的中白垩纪地层分为四个等级。第一级旋回主要是大套的碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩的交替，以及生物种类的变化，表现了当时海平面周期性变化。第二级旋回代表了古生产率和氧化还原的韵律性变化，通过对ＣａＣＯ₃含量的ＡＲ-ＦＦＴ处理得出的周期（ＺＭａ）与Ｂｅｒｇｅｒ等人所计算的理论周期基本相符。因此，可以认为这种旋回根本原因是因轨道参数变化所引起的古环流改变所造成，如地中海型环流与河口型环流的互换，必将导致古生产率以及海洋水体性质的改变。第三级旋回表现为层偶的变化，如泥岩与灰岩互层以及黑色页岩与灰岩互层，在本区主要有三个周期:４.３、５.２和９.２万年，它们分别相当于斜率（ε）和偏心率（Ｃ）的理论周期值，旋回的周期主要是因为气候的变化引起陆源物质的稀释作用发生周期性变化，气候的周期性变化是由于轨道参数的改变而引起，因此，这种族回具有全球的可对比性。第四级旋回是由于海水里季节性变化所引起的纹层状层理。     

Book reviews

Book review in this article
Antarctic Cenozoic History from the MSSTS-1 Drill Hole McMurdo Sound, ed. by P. J. Barrett
Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology, by Stanley A. Schumm, M. Paul Mosley and William E. Weaver
Diagenetic Bedding: A Model for Marl-Limestone Alterations, by W. Ricken
Cretaceous and Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins of the West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Basin Studies1, by S. Nathan, H. J. Anderson, R. A. Cook, R. H. Herzer, R. H. Hoskins, J. I. Raine and D. Smale
The Marine Environment of the U.S. Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise, ed. by J. D. Milliman & W. R. Wright
Shelf Sands and Sandstones, ed. by R. John Knight and J. Ross McLean.
Foreland Basins, ed. by P. A. Allen and P. Homewood.
Proterozoic Geology: Selected Papers from an International Proterozoic Symposium, ed. L. G. Medaris, Jr., C. W. Byers, D. M. Mickelson & W. C. Shanks
Géologie de la Préhistoire, Méthodes, Techniques, Applications, ed. by J. C. Miskovsky
Aeolian Geomorphology (Proceedings of the 17th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium, September 1986.), ed. by William G. Nickling
Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits, by K. Pye
Biological Markers in the Sedimentary Record, ed. by R. B. Johns
Stable Isotope Geochemistry, by J. Hoefs
Reef Diagenesis, ed. by J. H. Schroeder and B. H. Purser     

空间大地测量测定板块运动新进展

主要阐述利用空间大地测量测定和研究板块运动的研究成果及最新进展，并与地质学方法进行了比较，结果表明空间大地测量方法测定板块运动由单一手段发展为多种手段的综合，最新的研究是利用ITRF₉₆、ITRF₉₇地球参考架的站坐标及速率建立新的板块运动模型，这些模型和相同时期的地质模型，整体上一致但仍存在着差异。对于太平洋板块所有大地测量测定的运动速率均大于地质学模型，极位置的经度也有系统偏差。     

循环交通荷载下软土路基长期沉降理论解

基于循环交通荷载下软黏土累积塑性变形、累积孔压经验公式与分层总和法结合的方法,通过计算不排水循环累积塑性变形引起的沉降和不排水循环累积孔压消散引起的固结沉降叠加,建立了一个软土路基长期沉降拟静力计算模型。对交通荷载应力路径下的软黏土空心圆柱扭剪试验数据分析,获得了不排水累积塑性应变模型和不排水累积孔压公式的参数。基于弹性理论解积分计算交通荷载下路基中的动应力,再结合分层总和法计算了路基沉降与循环周次的关系。通过工程实例分析,对比了计算沉降结果与实测结果并与以往理论分析结果,验证了所建立模型的合理性。     

非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定性分析

为了提高非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定,采用了土工膜覆盖边坡表面的方法.基于非饱和渗流理论,采用有限元程序对用膜覆盖和不覆盖的边坡分别进行了降雨蒸发干湿循环条件下的数值分析.在计算结果基础上,采用极限平衡法分析了边坡的稳定性.结果表明,用膜覆盖后边坡能长期保持非饱和状态,土体吸力较高,其稳定安全系数明显高于无膜保护的边坡,用复合土工膜覆盖边坡有利于提高非饱和膨胀土边坡的稳定.